BACKGROUND:Ligustrazine can effectively prevent and treat peritoneal adhesion and adhesive ileus after surgical treatment. OBJECTIVE:To prepare Ligustrazine nanoparticle spray which is prepared to achieve sustained release and improve clinical efficacy and to explore its optimal dose for preventing experimental peritoneal adhesions in rats. METHODS:Eighty rats were randomly divided into five groups:model group, sodium hyaluronate group, high-, medium-and low-dose Ligustrazine nanoparticle groups, with 16 rats in each group. After peritoneal adhesion model was established with rasp method, model group was immediately subject to abdomen-closing, while sodium hyaluronate group and Ligustrazine nanoparticle groups received sodium hyaluronate smearing and Ligustrazine nanoparticle spray (2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg), respectively. Al rats were kil ed at 1 and 2 weeks after modeling, to observe adhesions. The adhesion score was recorded. The adhesive tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for pathological changes. The level of transformation growth factor-β1 in peritoneal fluid of rats was detected with ELISA assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Ligustrazine Nanoparticle spray had a sustained release effect, and prolonged the duration of action of drugs, thus achieving a better anti-adhesion effect post-surgery. The medium-and high-dose Ligustrazine nanoparticle sprays exhibited better anti-adhesion effects, and improved the rise of transformation growth factor-β1 level in the peritoneal fluid. As the drug concentration is low, the intraperitoneal administration in a spray manner is preferred. Because the total dose is limited, we define the optimal effective dose as 5 mg/kg.

Objective: To understand sexual and reproductive health (SRH) knowledge and access to sexual health information among pupils in higher grades, and to provide the scientific basis for conducting sexual education in family and school. Methods: A total of 1 098 pupils in grade four and five from 4 primary schools in a county, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province were selected for an anonymous computer assisted self-interview to get the information, including sexual and reproductive information and its sources, the condition about getting sexual education from school and family, and so on. Results: The percentage of correct answers about boy’s and girl’s puberty changes ranged from 15%~54%, and about reproduction and physiology ranges from 14%~70%. The awareness of private body parts ranged from 59%~98%. About 70%~95% could correctly identify sexual abuse scenes. The average score for knowledge on puberty changes, reproduction and physiology, identification of private body and identification of sexual abuse scenes was 31.89, 38.21, 77.03, and 85.72, with total average score of 58.21. In general, girls and students from urban areas or in grade five had higher knowledge level than boys and students from rural areas or in grade four did (P<0.05). Participants mainly obtained SRH knowledge from their mother(63.02%), father(40.53%) and teachers(27.50%). Girls and students from urban areas or in grade five reported higher proportion in access to information on human development, puberty development and health care, self-protection from parents and school teachers than boys and students from rural areas or in grade four(P<0.05). Conclusion Pupils in higher grades lacked SRH knowledge. It is necessary to raise awareness among school teachers and parents about the importance of providing sexuality education for pupils.

OBJECTIVE To optimize the molding process of Shuangye pipa granules based on the concept of quality by design （QbD） and analyze its physical fingerprint. METHODS The dry extract of Shuangye pipa granules was used as the main drug. The retention rate of total flavonoid， moisture absorption rate， dissolution rate， angle of repose and molding rate of the granules were selected as evaluation indexes. The single-factor test combined with the entropy weight method and Box-Behnken response surface design was used to optimize the molding process， and validation test was conducted. The physical fingerprints of 10 batches of Shuangye pipa granules prepared by the optimal process were comprehensively analyzed by eight secondary physical indexes （relative homogeneity， moisture， moisture absorption rate， Hausner ratio， angle of repose， bulk density， tap density and porosity）. RESULTS The optimal molding process of Shuangye pipa granules was as follows： soluble starch-maltodextrin-mannitol was 1∶1∶1 （m/m/m）， 95% ethanol was as wetting agent and the amount of it was 37%， the drug-assisted ratio was 1∶0.8 （m/m）， the drying temperature was 59 ℃， drying time was 28 min. The results of 3 validation tests showed that the average comprehensive score was 0.879 6， the RSD of which with prediction value （0.881 9 score） was 1.97%. The similarity between the physical fingerprints of 10 batches of Shuangye pipa granules and the control physical fingerprint was higher than 0.99. CONCLUSIONS The optimized molding process of Shuangye pipa granules is stable and feasible， and the physical property of Shuangye pipa granules is stable and controllable.

Antineoplastic Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; drug therapy ; immunology ; pathology ; Cytokines ; immunology ; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor ; Glypicans ; antagonists & inhibitors ; immunology ; Humans ; Ligands ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; immunology ; pathology ; T-Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; immunology

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemic characteristics of foodborne disease outbreaks in Mengla County， Yunnan Province， so as to provide basis for formulating corresponding prevention and control measures. MethodsThe data of foodborne disease outbreaks in Mengla County， Yunnan Province from 2017 to 2021 in the national "foodborne disease outbreak monitoring system" were collected. The time， population， region， place， pathogenic factors and inducing links of the events were statistically analyzed. ResultsFrom 2017 to 2021， a total of 68 incidents were reported， including 526 cases and 5 deaths. The total incidence rate was 23.40% and the case fatality rate was 0.95%. The peak period was from May to July， with the largest number of reported events in July. The reporting areas were mainly Mengla Town （35.29%）， Guanlei Town （11.76%） and Mengpeng Town （10.29%）. The main place of the incident was family （76.47%）. The main pathogenic factors were plant toxins （79.41%）， mainly through the ingestion of wild mushrooms （68.52%）， improper processing of green beans （12.96%） and aconitum （9.26%）. ConclusionAccording to the epidemiological characteristics of Mengla County， we should focus on the public education of health knowledge in key areas and places， especially on the identification of wild mushrooms， to prevent accidental eating. At the same time， we should strengthen the monitoring and risk assessment of foodborne diseases， find potential risks as soon as possible， issue early warning and forecast in time， and constantly improve the clinical treatment ability of poisoned patients.