In order to get the adaptive bandwidth of mean shift to make the tumor segmentation of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to be more accurate, we in this paper present an advanced mean shift method. Firstly, we made use of the space characteristics of brain image to eliminate the impact on segmentation of skull; and then, based on the characteristics of spatial agglomeration of different tissues of brain (includes tumor), we applied edge points to get the optimal initial mean value and the respectively adaptive bandwidth, in order to improve the accuracy of tumor segmentation. The results of experiment showed that, contrast to the fixed bandwidth mean shift method, the method in this paper could segment the tumor more accurately.
Brain Neoplasms ; pathology ; Contrast Media ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neuroimaging ; Skull

BACKGROUND:It is shown in past researches that total saponin of ginseng has the effect of promoting multiplication of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells in vitro, and promoting secretion of bone marrow hemotopoietic factors, however there has been little researches on the effect of multiplication of bone marrow stromal cells.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on pig's bone marrow stromal cells multiplication in vitro.DESIGN: A controlled observation.SETTING:Department of Cardiology and Department of Dermotology,First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University; Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted at the Cardiovascular Pharmaceutical Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University from January 2002 to February 2003. The experimental pigs ahd the powder of ginsenoside Rg1were chosen METHODS :The bone marrow stromal cells cultured in vitro were divided as control and experimental groups. For experimental group insenoside Rg1 in different concentrations (10-7,5×10-7,10-6,5×104 mol/L)were added for induction culture, and for control group the media of the same volume was added. The multiplication conditions of bone marrow stromal cells were respectively detected by fibroblast colony forming in vitro, tritiated thymidine {[3H]TdR} incorporation and MTT.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① The effect of ginsenoside Rgl on the fibroblast colony forming units of bone marrow stromal cells in vitro. ②The effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on [3H]TdR incorporation of bone marrow stromal cells. ③ The effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on bone marrow stromal cells multiplication detected by MTT.RESULTS:① The effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on the fibroblast colony forming units of bone marrow stromal cells in vitro: The numbers of units in experimental group were all higher than that in control group (P ＜ 0.05-P ＜ 0.01),especially obvious in (5-50)×10-7 mol/L experimental group, reaching peak in the concentration being 10-6 mol/L. ② The effect of ginseno side Rg1 on [3H]TdR incorporation of bone marrow stromalcells: As the concentration of ginsenoside Rg1 was 10-6 mol/L, the [3H]TdR incorporation efficiency of bone marrow stromal cells was obviously higher that that in control group (P ＜ 0.05-P ＜ 0.01), and the effect was enhanced as the dosage increased. ③ The effect of ginsenoside Rgl on bone marrow stromal cells multiplication detected by MTT: The value of absorbance in experimental group was obviously higher than that in control group (P ＜ 0.05-P ＜ 0.01), and it was dose-dependent. CONCLUSION: Ginsenoside Rg1 had an effect of multiplication on pig's bone marrow stromal cells in vitro, and it was dose-dependent.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of combined immunodeficiency (CID) and explore prognostic risk factors.Methods:In this retrospective cohort study, clinical characteristics, laboratory tests and prognosis of 73 CID children who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from February 2014 to April 2022 in the Children′s Hospital of Fudan University were analyzed. Based on the subtypes of diseases, all patients were divided into severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) group and other CID group. Based on the types of donors, all patients were divided into matched sibling donor group, matched unrelated donor group, unrelated cord blood group, and haploidentical donor group. Kaplan-Meier method and Log-Rank test were used to analyze the survival data. Cox regression was used to analyze prognostic factors.Results:Among the 73 patients, there were 61 (84%) males and 12 (16%) females. Fifty-five (75%) patients were SCID, and 18 (25%) patients were other CID. Donor source included 2 (3%) matched sibling donors (MSD), 3 (4%) matched unrelated donors (MUD), 64 (88%) unrelated cord blood (UCB), and 4 (5%) haploidentical donors. The age at transplant was 10.7 (5.9, 27.5) months, and the follow-up time was 36.2 (2.5, 62.9) months. The 3-year overall survival rate of 73 patients with CID was (67±6) %. No significant difference was found in the 3-year overall survival rates between patients with SCID (55 cases) and other CID (18 cases) ((64±7) % vs. (78±10) %, χ2=1.31, P=0.252). And no significant difference was found in the 3-year overall survival rates among patients who received MSD or MUD (5 cases), UCB (64 cases), and haploidentical donor (4 cases) transplant (100% vs. (66±6)% vs. (50±25) %, χ2=2.30, P=0.317). Cox regression analysis showed that the medical history of sepsis ( HR=2.55, 95% CI 1.05-6.20, P=0.039) and hypoalbuminemia at transplant ( HR=2.96, 95% CI 1.14-7.68, P=0.026) were independent risk factors for the prognosis of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in pediatric patients with CID. Conclusions:Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is an effective treatment for CID. The medical history of sepsis and hypoalbuminemia at transplant were risk factors for prognosis. Enhancing infection prevention and nutritional intervention before transplant can improve patient prognosis.

Objective To investigate feasibility and early stage postoperative complications of lapa-roscopic radical cystectomy ( LRC) . Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of 63 consecutive pa-tents (58 males and 5 females) who underwent LRC from Oct .2011 to Oct.2013 in our institute.Of these patients, 46 patients underwent ileal conduit , 9 patients underwent ureterocutaneostomy , and 8 patients un-derwent orthotopic ileal neobladder urinary diversion .The average age and body mass index of patients were 67.7±11.1 (33-84) years and 23.3±2.1 (18.8-28.7) kg/m2, respectively.The mean hemoglobin and al-bumin of patients were (130.7±20.3) g/L and (38.9±4.1) g/L, respectively.Comorbidities of hyperten-sion, diabetes, coronary heart disease and decompensated liver cirrhosis were found in 10, 6, 2 and 1 pa-tient, respectively.10 of 61 patients had a history of abdominal surgery .The indications for cystectomy were classified as muscle invasive bladder cancer for 30 patients, unresectable superficial bladder cancer for 19 patients and recurrent bladder cancer for 14 patients.Postoperative data and early stage postoperative compli-cations within 3 months after surgery were collected . Results The median operative time for LRC and uri-nary diversion was 390 (260-480) min, with a median estimated blood loss of 400 (100-1 500) ml.This was one patient converted to open surgery .The mean postoperative hemoglobin and albumin of patients was 108.5±14.7 g/L and 29.5±3.7 g/L, respectively, both of which significantly reduced compared with pre-operative data (P<0.01).The median duration of hospital stay was 15 days.The median time for liquid in-take, abdominal drainage removal and ureteral stent removal was 4 days, 9 days and 2 months after surgery , respectively.Catheter was removed 2 weeks after laparoscopic orthotopic cystectomy .21 (33.3%) of 63 pa-tients suffered from perioperative complications .15 of 46 patients (32.6%) in ileal conduit group had com-plications including ileus ( 5, 1 of 5 need re-operation ) , lymphatic fistulas ( 5) , pulmonary infection ( 1) , pyelonephritis (1), delirium (1), anastomotic leak (1, re-operation was needed) and pneumothorax (1). 2 of 9 patients (22.2%) in ureterocutaneostomy group had complications such as ileus (1) and lymphatic fistulas (1).4 of 8 patients (50.0%) in orthotopic ileal neobladder group suffered from complications like ileus (2, 1 of 2 required re-operation), lymphatic fistulas (1) and arrhythmia (1). Conclusions LRC is technically feasible and safe .It reduces the estimated blood loss and postoperative complications .It is noteworthy to surgeons that serum albumin significantly reduced after LRC , nutrition should be kept balanced after surgery.

Objective:To explore the role of mindfulness and negative cognitive bias between behavioral inhibition system and social anxiety among college students.Methods:From October 12th to November 8th of 2012, a total of 747 college students from a university in Tianjin were sampled and assessed using the behavioral inhibition system scale (BIS), the mindful attention awareness scale (MAAS), the negative cognitive processing bias questionnaire (NCPBQ), and the social avoidance and distress scale (SAD). Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and tests for mediating effects were performed by SPSS 20.0 and Mplus 8.0.Results:The scores of behavioral inhibition system, social anxiety, mindfulness and negative cognitive bias were (15.3±2.4), (12.7±7.2), (3.4±0.8) and (45.6±11.5), respectively. The scores of BIS, NCPBQ, and SAD were positively correlated with each other ( r=0.27-0.49, all P<0.001). The scores of MAAS were negatively correlated with the scores of BIS, NCBPQ, and SAD ( r=-0.33--0.28, all P<0.001). The behavioral inhibition system exerted its influence on social anxiety through three pathways. The mediating effect size of mindfulness was 0.04, accounting for 16.0% of the total effect. The mediating effect size of negative cognitive bias was 0.17, accounting for 68.0% of the total effect. And the chain mediating effect size of mindfulness and negative cognitive bias was 0.04, accounting for 16.0% of the total effect. Conclusion:The effects of behavioral inhibition system on social anxiety in college students are individually mediated by mindfulness and negative cognitive biases, as well as their chain mediating effects.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between nutritional status and nosocomial infection in elderly patients with acute leukemia.Methods:A total of 202 elderly patients with acute leukemia hospitalized in the Department of Hematology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from June 2015 to December 2017 were randomly included as research objects.The nutritional status of patients was assessed by the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment(PG-SGA), and the blood routine and biochemical indexes were compared among patients with different nutritional conditions.The correlations between clinical characteristics and PG-SGA score and between nutritional status and nosocomial infection were analyzed.Univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the related factors for the nosocomial infection.Results:The hemoglobin and albumin were higher in patients with PG-SGA score of 0-8[(97.02±2.86)g/L and (39.78±0.50)g/L, respectively]than in patients with PG-SGA score ≥ 9[(83.02±3.28)g/L and (37.71±0.71)g/L]( P=0.003, 0.016). And C-reactive protein(CRP)was lower in patients with PG-SGA score of 0-8[(33.98±5.34)mg/L]than in patients with PG-SGA score ≥ 9[(58.82±8.36)mg/L]( P=0.015). There were significant differences in PG-SGA scores among patients with different age, disease stage, disease type and gastrointestinal reaction( t=-6.562, 3.292, 2.869 and 2.268, P=0.000, 0.001, 0.006 and 0.041). The PG-SGA score was positively correlated with the incidence of nosocomial infection( r=0.544, P=0.000). Logistic regression analysis showed that PG-SGA score was an independent risk factor( OR=2.11, 95% CI: 1.66-2.71, P=0.000). And albumin was a protective factor( OR=0.86, 95% CI: 0.77-0.93, P=0.000)for the nosocomial infection in elderly patients with acute leukemia. Conclusions:The nutritional status is closely related to the occurrence of nosocomial infection in elderly patients with acute leukemia.Elderly acute leukemia patients with malnutrition should be given adequate nutritional support as soon as possible to improve their nutritional status and improve prognosis.

Objective:To explore the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and internet addiction among college students, as well as the mediating roles of negative cognitive bias and difficulties in emotion regulation.Methods:In September 2022, 1 762 college students were assessed with intolerance uncertainty scale, negative cognitive process bias questionnaire, difficulties in emotion regulation scale and internet addiction test. SPSS 24.0 software was used for descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. AMOS 23.0 was used to construct a multiple mediation model, and Bootstrap method was used for mediation effects testing.Results:(1) The score of intolerance of uncertainty was 34.00 (28.00, 40.00), the score of negative cognitive bias was 42.00 (34.00, 50.00), the score of difficulties in emotion regulation was 26.00 (20.00, 32.00), and the score of internet addiction was 36.00 (28.00, 46.00). (2)The Spearman correlation analysis showed that intolerance of uncertainty, negative cognitive bias, difficulties in emotion regulation, and internet addiction were significantly positively correlated with each other ( r=0.343-0.626, P<0.01). (3) The results of the path analysis indicated that the direct effect of intolerance of uncentainty on internet addiction was not significant, and the total indirect effect was 0.402(95% CI=0.354-0.451).The indirect effect of negative cognitive bias was 0.253(95% CI=0.200-0.305), accounted for 62.94%(0.253/0.402) of the total indirect effect.The indirect effect of difficulties in emotion regulation was 0.052 (95% CI=0.033-0.076), accounted for 12.93%(0.052/0.402) of the total indirect effect.And the chain mediating effect of negative cognitive bias and difficulties in emotion regulation was 0.097(95% CI=0.068-0.131), accounted for 24.13%(0.097/0.402) of the total indirect effect. Conclusion:Intolerance of uncertainty is significantly positively correlated with internet addiction, and its effects on internet addiction are individually mediated by negative cognitive bias and difficulties in emotion regulation, as well as their chain mediating effects.

We developed a three-dimensional mini-type permanent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device in our lab. The purposes of this study were (1) for further development of MRI technologies, (2) for support of broadening practices of animal test modeling in medical research, and (3) for training more specialists from colleges or universities in the field of MRI. This paper describes the research and development at our lab(s), especially stressing on the design of the main magnet, the gradient coil and the radio frequency coil. In addition, the specific methodologies used in our lab(s) and the related data are emphasized. The 3D MRI technologies have met the needs of using small animals, super thin sections of live animal body and high imaging resolutions. MRI images of mice head and abdominal have been obtained successfully by using the imager that we developed. The imaging results and analyses have also been discussed.
Animals ; Equipment Design ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; instrumentation ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; instrumentation ; methods ; Mice

Objective To investigate and study the relationship between abnormal monitoring and prognosis of long range video electroencephalogram(VEEG)in patients with intractable epilepsy. Methods 100 patients from March 2012 to May 2017 in our hospital whose diagnosis and treatment of refractory epilepsy were the research object,all patients were given VEEG monitoring records,epilepsy typing characteristics and antiepileptic drug(AEDs)use survey,prognosis of all patients and the correlation analysis. In 100 cases,GTCS 60 cases,CPS 30 cases,CPS-GTCS 10 cases;56 cases treated with sodium valproate,lamotrigine treatment in 44 cases. Results VEEG monitored 80 cases of epileptiform discharge in 100 patients and 20 cases without epileptiform discharge. There was no significant difference in the incidence of epileptiform discharges between different epileptic patients in VEEG monitoring(P > 0.05),and there was no significant difference in the incidence of epileptiform discharges between VEEG patients in different medication groups(P > 0.05). The total effective rate of treatment in the VEEG epileptiform discharge group was 91.3%,which was significantly lower than that of the VEEG non epileptic discharge group (100%,P < 0.05). The main adverse reactions during treatment were drowsiness , abnormal behavior, abnormal sensation and gastrointestinal reaction. There was no significant difference in monitoring epileptiform discharges between VEEG patients (P > 0.05). All adverse reactions were improved after symptomatic treatment. Conclusion The VEEG plays an important role in guiding the patients with refractory epilepsy for epilepsy typing characteristics and AEDs treatment ,so it has significant correlation to the prognosis , and it also has an important significance in assessing the prognosis.