Staphylococcus aureusis a major cause of hospital and community acquired infection,which can express many kinds of cell wall-related and extracellular virulence factors,causing a variety of infectious diseases. Ebh protein is involved in the adhesion,aggregation and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus,and thus closely related to its strong pathogenicity. The pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus is controlled collaboratively by different two-component signal transduction systems and transcriptional regulation factors,among which ArlRS is the key two-component system(TCS)necessary for the adhesion,biofilm formation and virulence. At the same time,ArlRS regulates Ebh protein through global regulation factor MgrA,thus affecting the role of Staphylococcus aureus in human infectious diseases. In this paper,the regulatory mechanism was reviewed.

Background and purpose: In recent years, more and more clinical researches on the neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast were carried out at home and abroad. Although there are quite a lot of the retrieved documents of NEBC at home and abroad, but large-scale reports are rare, besides, the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis were different;more research are needed to analyze NEBC. This paper mainly discussed the NEBC clinical diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out, 25 cases of Tumor Hospital Afifliated to Xinjiang Medical University from Jan. 2004 to Jun. 2013 were pathologically diagnosed as NEBC by clinical data and the follow-up. Results:The average age of 25 NEBC patients was 58.2 years old, without clinical and imaging characteristic features, immunohistochemistry staining showed that, the estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) positive rates were 76%and 64%. No one showed HER-2 strong positive. The follow-up was 9-115 months. Besides, 1-, 2-and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 100%, 95%and 88%, the disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 96%, 90%and 78%. Conclusion:The age of the patients with NEBC in this study was lower than the data abroad. Age, tumor size, pathological staging may be related to the prognosis of NEBC, and postoperative comprehensive treatment options need further study.

Objective To evaluate the efficiency of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) in the treatment of recurrent endometriosis after conservative surgery or conservative surgery combined with medical treatment. Methods Twenty-three patients with recurrent endometriosis after conservative surgery or conservative surgery combined with medical treatment were treated by LNG-IUS. All patients rejected further operation and had no desire of fertility. The visual analogue scale (VAS) scores of pain, menstrual model, weight and serum CA125 level and the volume of ovarian endometriotic cysts before and after 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months of treatment were recorded and compared. Results ( 1 ) VAS score:after 12 months of using LNG-IUS, dysmenorrheal, chronic pelvic pain or dyspareunia were relieved significantly. VAS score were dropped from 5.9 ± 2. 3,4. 3 ± 2.0 to 1.0 ± 0. 7,1.4 ± 1. 1 ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). ( 2 )Volum of cysts :after 6 months of using LNG-IUS, the volume of recurrent ovarian endometriotic cysts in 11 patients were reduced from ( 11.4 ± 6. 1 ) em3 to ( 5. 5 ± 3.4 ) em3 significantly ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). At 12 months of follow-up, it suggested that 2 patients' ovarian endometriotic cysts disappeared. At 24 months follow-up,9 patients ovarian endometriotic cysts disappeared ( 3 ) CA125: serum CA125 decreased from ( 65.5 ± 19. 6 )kU/L to (42. 1 ± 13.6) kU/L at 6 months after treatment remarkably (P ＜ 0. 01 ). Continued to decrease after 12 months and then become steady. Irregular bleeding and spotting was the main side effects, weight gain was also observed in few patients. Conclusions LNG-IUS could be used in treatment of recurrent endometriosis after conservative surgery or conservative surgery combined with medical treatment effectively. It could relieve pain, reduce the level of CA125 and decrease the size of ovarian endometriotic cysts. LNG-IUS seems to be an effective, safe, and long term treatment for endometriosis with fewer side effects and better compliance.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of rat cytomegalovirus(RCMV) infection on the development of the nervous system in rat embryos,and to evaluate the involvement of Wnt signaling pathway key molecules and the downstream gene neurogenin 1(Ngn1) In RCMV infected neural stem cells(NSCs).Infection and control groups were established,each containing 20 pregnant Wistar rats.Rats in the infection group were inoculated with RCMV by intraperitoneal injection on the first day of pregnancy.Rat E20 embryos were taken to evaluate the teratogenic rate.NSCs were isolated from E13 embryos,and maintained in vitro.We found:1) Poor fetal development was found in the infection group with low survival and high malformation rates.2) The proliferation and differentiation of NSCs were affected.In the infection group,NSCs proliferated more slowly and had a lower neurosphere formation rate than the control.The differentiation ratio from NSCs to neurons and glial cells was significantly different from that of the control,showed by immunofluorescence staining.3) Ngn1 mRNA expression and the nuclear β-catenin protein level were significantly lower than the control on day 2 when NSCs differentiated.4) The Morris water maze test was performed on 4-week pups,and the infected rats were found worse in learning and memory ability.In a summary,RCMV infection caused abnormalities in the rat embryonic nervous system,significantly inhibited NSC proliferation and differentiation,and inhibited the expression of key molecules in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway so as to affect NSCs differentiation.This may be an important mechanism by which RCMV causes embryonic nervous system abnormalities.

Mitochondrial tRNAgene mutation is closely related to acoustic nerve deafness. Some mutations can affect the structure and transcriptional processing of tRNA, for instance m.7444G>A mutation in tRNAprecursor 3' side, m.7472 insC as well as m.7511T>C mutations in the stem and ring of tRNA, may influence tRNAstability, thus affect the synthesis of mitochondrial peptides, reduce the production of ATP and cause deafness. This article focuses on mitochondrial tRNAgene mutations as well as the mechanism underlying hearing loss.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Hearing Loss ; genetics ; Humans ; Mitochondrial Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; RNA ; chemistry ; genetics ; RNA, Transfer, Ser ; chemistry ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo identify secondary mutations associated with deafness in a Chinese family affected with deafness.

METHODSThe family has been subjected to clinical and molecular analyses, in addition with measurement of reactive oxygen species and doubling time after establishment of immortalized lymphocyte cell lines.

RESULTSThe results showed that the hearing loss level and audiometric configuration were discrepant among the family members with maternally transmitted hearing loss. The penetrance of hearing loss in this family was respectively 66.7% and 44.4% when aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss was included or excluded. Analysis of whole mitochondrial genome has found 33 variants as previously reported polymorphisms, except for a 12s rRNA A1555G mutation and a tRNA(Thr)T15943C mutation. Haplotype evolutionary tree has verified that this family belonged to East-Asian haplogroup F. 15943 position was located on the T-stem of the tRNA(Thr), which has destroyed the extremely conserved T-A base pair when T changed to C at this position. However, functional experiments indicated that the population doubling time in special galactose and glucose were longer, whilst the level of reactive oxygen species has increased. Compared with the control cell line groups and a family only carrying the 12s rRNA A1555G mutation, all of the three groups belonged to the same haplogroup.

CONCLUSIONMitochondrial tRNA(Thr)T15943C mutation may act as a potential modifying factor and interact with 12s rRNA A1555G mutation, and thereby enhance the penetrance and expression of deafness.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; genetics ; Deafness ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pedigree ; Phenotype ; Point Mutation ; RNA, Ribosomal ; genetics ; RNA, Transfer, Thr ; genetics ; Young Adult

Objective To observe the effects of Gegen Qinlian Decoction on pancreatic endoplasmic reticulum stress in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM);To explore its mechanism of action in the treatment of T2DM.Methods Totally 75 SPF male db/db mice were randomly divided into model group,metformin group,and Gegen Qinlian Decoction high-,medium-,low-dosage groups,with 15 mice in each group.15 db/m mice were set as the blank group.The administration groups received corresponding medicine for gavage for 12 weeks.Body mass,fasting blood glucose(FBG)and glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)in mice were detected,HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of pancreatic tissue,the apoptosis of islet cells was determined by TUNEL staining,Western blot was used to detect pancreatic tissue glucose regulatory protein 78(GRP78),protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase(PERK),p-PERK,activated transcription factor 4(ATF4)and C/EBP homologous protein(CHOP)protein expression,RT-PCR was used to detect pancreatic tissue PERK,ATF4,CHOP mRNA expressions.Results Compared with the blank group,the body mass,FBG and HbA1c contents in the model group significantly increased(P<0.01);the pancreatic tissue structure was incomplete,with blurry boundaries and vacuoles inside,leading to a significant increase in pancreatic islet cells apoptosis(P<0.01);the expressions of GRP78,p-PERK,ATF4,and CHOP proteins in pancreatic tissue significantly increased(P<0.01),and the mRNA expressions of PERK,ATF4 and CHOP significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the body mass,FBG and HbA1c contents of mice in each administration group significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01);pathological changes in pancreatic tissue was reduced,and islet cells apoptosis decreased to varying degrees(P<0.05,P<0.01);the expressions of GRP78,p-PERK,ATF4 and CHOP proteins in pancreatic tissue significantly decreased(P<0.01)in Gegen Qinlian Decoction high-and medium-dosage groups and the metformin group,and the expressions of PERK,ATF4 and CHOP mRNA significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion Gegen Qinlian Decoction may decreased pancreatic islet cells apoptosis,protect pancreatic cell function,and delay the progression of T2DM by inhibiting the endoplasmic reticulum stress PERK/ATF4/CHOP signaling pathway,and down-regulating the expressions of related genes and proteins.

Objective:To introduce the Burnt Hand Outcome Tool (BHOT) into China to conduct sinicization, cross-cultural debugging, and test the reliability and validity, thus provide a reference for the evaluation of treatment effect and making of medical decisions of hand burn patients.Methods:The cross-sectional research was conducted. After obtaining the authorization of the original author, the Brislin translation mode was used to literally translate, synthesize, back-translate, and be checked by experts to form the Chinese version of BHOT (C-BHOT) 2. Ten experts in the field of burn rescue and treatment were invited by purpose sampling method to conduct cross-cultural debugging to form C-BHOT 3. A total of 21 hand burn patients who were treated in General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from January to March 2020 and conformed to the inclusion criteria were selected by accidental sampling method for pre-testing. Then the final version of C-BHOT 4 was formed. Hospitalized patients who met the selection criteria were recruited using accidental sampling, multi-site and cross-regional survey method from May 2020 to March 2021 in General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University. The survey was performed with the general information questionnaire and C-BHOT 4. Critical ratio method and correlation coefficient method were used for item analysis, Cronbach's α coefficient test tool was used to test internal consistency, test-retest reliability was used to judge the stability of the tool, content validity index analysis tool was used to analyze the content validity, and exploratory factor analysis was used to test the validity of the structure. Data were statistically analyzed with independent sample t test or Pearson correlation analysis. Results:After the sinicization, cross-cultural debugging, and pre-testing, C-BHOT 4 was formed with a total of 20 items. All items were adjusted to positive scoring, and 7 modifications were made on the basis of the original tool. A total of 353 questionnaires were issued in the formal survey, and 344 valid questionnaires were returned, with an effective response rate of 97.45%. In the 344 patients, there were more male patients (297 patients) than female patients (47 patients), with ages of 23 to 57 years. The critical ratios of each item in the item analysis ranged from 5.48 to 12.59 ( P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the scores between patients in high-score group and low-score group ( t=-10.72--2.84, P<0.05 or P<0.01). There was significant positive relationship among the scores of each two items and between scores of each item and the overall tool score ( r=0.68-0.71, 0.47-0.63, P<0.05 or P<0.01). In reliability test, the Cronbach's α coefficient of the whole tool was 0.837, and the test-retest reliability was 0.702-0.793. In validity test, the content validity index of whole tool was 0.923. The exploratory factor analysis extracted 3 common factors, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 76.162%. The comparative fit index in the confirmatory factor analysis was 0.924. Conclusions:After the BHOT tool being sinicized, cross-culturally debugged, pre-tested, and tested for reliability and validity, it was verified that C-BHOT 4 has good reliability and validity in assessing the outcome of Chinese hand burn patients, and therefore can be used as an effective tool for the evaluation.

Objective:To explore the relationship between atherosclerotic index of plasma(AIP)and vulnerable plaque of coronary under computed tomography(CT)based on coronary CT angiography(CCTA).Methods:Data were retrospectively collected on 213 patients with coronary heart disease(CHD)who underwent CCTA examination from January 2021 to February 2024 at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenyang Medical College,and they were divided into a vulnerable plaque group(123 cases)and a non-vulnerable plaque group(90 cases)according to whether existed vulnerable plaque of coronary artery.General clinical data such as age,gender,history of smoking,history of alcohol consumption,history of diabetes,and serum indicators such as AIP were collected.The differences in AIP and other factors between the two groups were compared.The independent influencing factors of vulnerable plaque of coronary artery were determined by multifactorial logistic regression analysis,and the predictive value of AIP for vulnerable plaque was assessed by drawing a receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results:AIP of vulnerable plaque group was 0.22±0.31,which was higher than that 0.05±0.27 of the vulnerable plaque group,and the difference of AIP between two groups was significant(t=4.223,P<0.001).Multifactorial logistic analysis showed there was independent correlation between AIP and vulnerable plaque under CT(OR=7.556,95%CI:2.442～23.385,P=0.002).The ROC curve showed that the best cut-off value of AIP was 0.20 in predicting vulnerable plaque under CT,and the value of area under curve(AUC)was 0.665,and the sensitivity was 55.56%and the specificity was 73.98%.Conclusion:AIP is an independent influencing factor for CHD patients who complicate vulnerable plaques,and it has a certain of predictive value for vulnerable plaques.

Objective:To observe the effects of different doses of Gegen Qinlian Decoction on nucleotide oligomeric domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)/Caspase-1/IL1β inflammatory signaling pathway in liver of db/db mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods:Totally 75 SPF male db/db mice were randomly divided into model group, metformin group (0.2 g/kg), Gegen Qinlian Decoction high-, medium-, and low-dosage groups (61.80, 30.90, 15.45 g/kg), with 15 mice in each group. Another 15 db/m male mice were selected as blank control group. Each administration group was given relevant medicine for gavage, while the blank group and model group were given 0.9% sodium chloride solution for gavage, once a day, for 12 weeks. The body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) contents of each group were measured after treatment. The mRNA expression levels of NLRP3, Caspase-1 and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in liver were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. The expression levels of NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 in liver tissues were detected by Western Blot. HE staining was used to observe the morphology of liver tissues.Results:Compared with model group, body weight, fasting blood glucose and HbA1c contents of mice in Gegen Qinlian Decoction high- and medium-dosage groups and metformin groups decreased ( P<0.05), the body weight and fasting blood glucose levels of mice in Gegen Qinlian Decoction low-dosage group decreased ( P<0.05); the mRNA levels of NLRP3 and IL-1β in liver tissues of all treatment groups decreased ( P<0.05), the mRNA level of Caspase-1 in liver tissue decreased in Gegen Qinlian Decoction high- and medium-dosage groups ( P<0.05); the expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1, and IL-18 in liver tissue of each treatment group decreased ( P<0.05), while the expression of IL-1β in Gegen Qinlian Decoction high- and medium-dosage groups and the metformin group decreased ( P<0.05); compared with the metformin group, the body weight and fasting blood glucose of mice in the Gegen Qinlian Decoction high-dosage decreased ( P<0.05), while the HbA1c levels in the Qinlian Decoction high- and medium-dosage decreased ( P<0.05); the expressions of NLRP3, Caspase-1 and IL-18 in liver tissues of Gegen Qinlian Decoction high-dosage group decreased ( P<0.05), the expression of IL-1β, NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 decreased ( P<0.05); HE staining showed that the pathological changes of liver tissue were reduced in all treatment groups. Conclusion:Gegen Qinlian Decoction may reduce blood sugar by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β inflammatory signaling pathway in liver of db/db mice, thereby improving the inflammatory damage of T2DM.