The present situation of environment polluted by phthalate esters,the main kinds of phthalate esters in the air samples and water samples and the pretreatment and analysis technology of phthalate esters in different environment were reviewed in the present article. In the air samples ,di(2-ethylhexy) phthalate(DEHP),di-n-butyl phthalate(DBP) and dioctyl phthalate(DOP) were included,while diethyl phthalate(DEP),di(2-ethylhexy) phthalate(DEHP),dipropyl phthalate(DPrP),butyl benzyl phthalate(BBP),dioctyl phthalate(DOP) and dimethyl phthalate(DMP) could be mainly detected in the water samples.

OBJECTIVE: To study the curative efficacy of Shuxuetong injection for vascular dementia(VD).METHODS: A total of 60 patients with VD were randomized to receive Shuxuetong injection(6 mL) added into normal saline(250 mL)q.d by drip infusion for 21 days(treatment group) or citicoline injection(250 mg) added into 250 mL normal saline q.d by drip infusion for 21 days(control group).In addition,both groups received basic treatment and nursing care,and the antihypertensive,hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic therapies were adopted based on the patients' severity of disease and complications.The efficacy was evaluated before and after treatment by using mini-mental state examination(MMSE),activities of daily living(ADL),transcranial Doppler(TCD) and P300 test.RESULTS: Compared to control group,the treatment group had significantly higher MMSE score and ADL score(P

[Objective]To explore the change of serum gastrin and G-cell in gastric antrum in rat model of spleen-qi deficiency and the curative effect of huangqi jianzhong decoction(HQJZD).[Methods]Spleen-qi deficiency syndrome was induced in rats by compound methods.After the models had been established,they were treated by different dosages of HQJZD.And at different time points,serum xylose,creatine phosphokinase,gastrin and G cells were observed.[Results]These indexes in groups of different dosages of HQJZD recovered gradually.Especially after 21 days' treatment,in groups of the middle and the high dosages,these indexes were increasing significantly when compared with those in the model control group(P

This paper expounds the connotation of doctor-patient communication and its importance in medical prac-tice, and points out the problems existing in the doctor-patient communication in practice. Based on this, advances the ESP teaching ideas, reform mainly from the following several aspects: first, the increase in oral English course arrange-ment class, small class teaching;secondly, on the oral English teaching mode reform, with school, learning, is unified. Once again, to reform on English spoken language teaching material use, both medical professional knowledge and English language skills. Finally, the reform on oral English teaching staff, improve English teachers' team.

Objective: To make comparative study on serum gastrin(SG) and gastrin secretory cell(G-cell) in gastric antrum(GA) of three rat models of syndrome of deficiency of spleen-QI.Methods: Animals were randomly divided into four groups in terms of control group,rhubarb group,double factors group(combination of rhubarb method and swimming exhausting energy method) and triple factors group(combination of rhubarb method,swimming exhausting energy method and starvation method).The indexes such as Serum gastrin and G-cell in gastric antrum(GA) et al were detected.Results: Compared with control group,the variances of above-mentioned indexes in double factors group and triple factors group have statistical significance(P

Objective: To explore the effect of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction(BZYQD) with various concentrations at different time points on serum gastrin in spleen-qi deficiency rats.Methods: Spleen-qi deficiency syndrome was induced in rats by compound methods which including rhubarb method,swimming exhausting and hunger method.Spleen-qi deficiency rats were randomly divided into the model control group and the low,medium and high dosage of BZYQD groups,and Decoction of Four Mild Drugs(DFMD) group.Serum gastrin in different groups was observed at different time points(7d,14d,and 21d).Results: Compared with model control group, the serum gastrin in the medium and high dosage of BZYQD groups were both significantly higher(P

BACKGROUND:Failure of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction can be caused by multiple factors, which requires a revision surgery. However, there are few studies about the revision of anterior cruciate ligament. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the primary cause, indication, methods and effectiveness of revision after the failure of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. METHODS: Thirty patients with instability undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions were subjected to revision under arthroscopy. After revision, a systemic analysis was performed based on KT-2000 examination, the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scale, Lysholm and Tegner scores. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Of the 30 cases, 9 cases were reconstructed with bone-patelar tendon-bone autograft, 14 cases with hamstring tendon autograft, 7 cases with hamstring tendon alograft. Twelve cases had a femoral tunnel in the front of the predicted one, 1 case had knee stiffness, 8 cases had a tibial tunnel in the front of the predicted one, and 8 cases had both the femoral and tibial tunnels in the front of the predicted ones. One case had a malposited interference screw which reconstructed with bone-patelar tendon-bone autograft; one case complicated by posteromedial corner injury was not reconstructed. The reconstructed anterior cruciate ligament was absolutely ruptured and absorbed in 12 cases, and 18 cases had obviously loosen but stil partly linked reconstructed ligament. None had severe incompletion of spongy bone. Al cases received primary revision. Ten cases reconstructed with ipsilateral hamstring tendon, 14 cases reconstructed with contralateral hamstring tendon, and 6 cases with LARS ligament. The mean side-to-side difference of KT-2000 examination at 90° and 30°, the mean IKDC, Tegner and Lysholm scores were significantly improved after revision. There were many reasons leading to failure of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, such as malposition of the bone tunnel, invalid fixation, adhesion, compound ligament injuries, and ankylosis. The functional results and objective stability could be obtained through revision folowing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Objective To investigate the self‐management and cognitive situation of the patients with gestational diabetes melli‐tus (GDM) dietary and to discuss the influence of individualized diet intervention on patients .Methods Forty‐one pregnant women diagnosed with GDM were selected as the research objects .logistic regression analysis was used as well as questionnaire to evaluate the influence factors of comprehensive evaluation of the follow diet control ,detecting the 2 h plasma glucose(2 h PG) ,hemoglobin (HbAlc) ,total cholesterol (TC) ,three acyl glycerin (TG) change in value after individualized nutritional intervention ,which were compared with pre‐intervention index .Results (1)90 .2% of diet cognitive received diet educators ,26 .8% of the patients thought only diet and exercise therapy could effectively control blood sugar .Patients got 2 .4% correct overall about questions about food and 85 .4% patients followed diet .(2)Logistic regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of GDM patients following di‐et were age ,BMI ,cultural degree ,receiving diet education ,self monitoring of blood sugar ,regular review to the hospital regularly . (3) After the intervention(41 cases) ,the level of 2 h PG ,HbAlc ,TC ,TG of 38 cases were significantly lower than before ,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .01) .Conclusion Individualized diet intervention treatment in GDM patients shows obvious effect .

Objective To investigate the potential change of cellular cholesterol efflux and the functional changes of ABCA1 on macrophages from diabetes animals. Methods High energy diet was given to golden hamster to make animal model of hyperlipidemia. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (30 mg/kg). Macrophages were isolated and incubated with apoA-I or 8-br-cAMP in vitro. Cellular cholesterol content was measureal before and after treatment by HPLC. Results Intracellular cholesterol content of diabetic animals was higher than that in high energy diet and normal controls. Expression of ABCA1 mRNA was upregulated in diabetic group after incubation with apoA-I and cAMP. When macrophages were incubated with apoA-I, cholesterol efflux increased with the prolongation of incubation time.The amount of intracellular cholesterol efflux in 3 groups of animals showed the following relationship: diabetic animals exceed high energy diet fed animals, and the latter exceeds normal animals. Conclusion Intracellular lipid efflux depends mainly on the presence of extracellular apoA1 as well as membrane ABCA1 protein. The deposition of cholesterol in the macrophage of diabetic and insulin resistant animals may be related to the characteristic changes of quantity and function of apoA1 in these animals.

Pituitary adenoma is a serious disease that affects human health through interfering hypothalamus-pituitary-target organ axis systems.Proteomics is an effective approach to elucidate molecular mechanisms of a pituitary adenoma and discover effective biomarkers for a pituitary adenoma.A great progress has been made in the field of pituitary adenoma proteomics in the past ten years:(1) the use of laser capture microdissection,(2) functional pituitary adenoma proteomics (such as prolactinoma),(3) proteomics analysis of invasive characteristics of nonfunctional pituitary adenoma,(4) protein post-translational modifications including phosphorylation and tyrosine nitration,(5) the use of protein antibody array,(6) proteomics analysis of hormone isoforms,(7) serum proteomics and peptidomics,(8) integration of proteomics and other omics data,and (9) proposal of multi-parameter systematic strategy for a pituitary adenoma.