Gene therapy,a target therapy with biological markers,can be used as an alternative choice for refractory and relapsed hematologic malignancies. Reasonable choice of viral vectors is the key to treatment.This article will be reviewed on five aspects,which are the characteristics of the carrier,gene insertion mutation,the immune barrier,improvement the targeting of the vector and maintenance and expression of the transgene.

Objective To investigate the effect of isochlorogenic acid B(ICAB)on CCl4-induced acute liver injury(ALI)in mice. Methods The animal model of CCl4-induced ALI in mice was established and then the protective effect of ICAB was evaluated using this model. Serum levels of alanine transaminase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST),hepatic levels of malondialdehyde (MDA)and the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)were measured by spectrophotometric methods. Liver cell morphology was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining method and the effects of ICAB on the protein expres-sion of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2(Nrf2),heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)and quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1)in mice he-patocyte were determined by Western blot method. Results ICAB(5,10 and 20 mg/kg)significantly protected against CCl4-induced liver injury by reducing the elevated levels of serum aminotransferases and hepatic MDA and remarkably restored the impaired antioxi-dants. Meanwhile,the histopathological changes were also attenuated in mice. In addition,ICAB could induce the protein expression of Nrf2 and promote its nuclear translocation,and further increase the protein expression of HO-1 and NQO1. Conclusion ICAB has protective effect against CCl4-induced ALI in mice,which is mainly due to its ability to promote the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and decrease the oxidative stress.

ObjectiveTo explore the best therapy for the treatment of membranous Budd-Chiari syndrome.MethodsThe surgical result of 480 cases with membranous Budd-Chiari syndrome was analysed retrospectively.ResultsCases of Kimura′s finger rupture, interventional treatment and membrane resection were followed up, with follow-up rates of 84.62%, 86.55% and 87.37% respectively, with effective rates of 61.4%, 91.7% and 90.4% respectively, recurrence rates of 38.6%, 8.3% and 9.6% respectively. The long-term effect of interventional treatment and resection was significantly better than Kimura′s finger rupture(P

Objective To discuss the experiences of surgical treatment of hepatic cavernous hemangioma in a peculiar position. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 32 cases of cavernous hemangioma in the central area of the liver. Results All of the hepatic cavernous hemangiomas were resected successfully by extracapsular dissection. Intraoperative hemorrhage volume varied from 50ml to 10000ml, and in 12 patients the amount of blood transfusion was 400ml to 4000ml. 5 cases (15.6%) had postoperative complications, including right pleural effusion(3 cases), bile leakage(1 case), and subdiaphragmatic fluid collection(1 case). The mortality rate was 3.1%(1/32). 26 cases were followed up for a median of(3.09?0.93)yrs, and there was no recurrence of hemangioma. Conclusions Familiarity with the liver anatomy and proficient operative methods are the key get to successful surgical treatment of these hemangiomas and reduce complications. Extracapsular dissection is a safe and effective way to treat hepatic cavernous hemangioma .

The infiltrating macrophages selectively invade into infarcted cerebral tissue for mediating gene therapy is a problem worthy of exploration. The article reviews macrophages and gene therapy, the theoretical basis of application of macrophages in gene therapy for cerebral infarction and the problems that have to be solved.

OBJECTIVE:To establish Bayesian statistics data processing method for the evaluation of bioequiavailability.METHODS:The procedures of the posterior probability calculation were simplified by means of the Excel-programmed double crossover designed Bayesian statistics analytical table for bioequiavailability.RESULTS:This method can be used as variance analysis and data processing of Bayesian statistics evalustion.CONCLUSION:The results are accurate and the application is convenient in this method.

Objective To investigate curative efficacy of interferon in combination with ganciclovir in treatment of herpes zoster and its effects on post herpetic neuralgia and IL-6, IL-10.Methods 106 patients of herpes zoster who received therapy in Heilongjiang electric power hospital from January 2014 to February 2015 were selected as research objects.Those patients were divided into control group(n=52) and observation group(n=54) by random number table.All patients were given symptomatic treatments, such as analgesia.Besides that, control group was treated with ganciclovir, while observation group was treated with interferon in combination with ganciclovir.Then, the curative efficacy of herpes zoster, incidence of post herpetic neuralgia, pain score of patients with post herpetic neuralgia and levels of inflammatory factors were compared.And during the treatment, adverse reactions were observed.Results After treatment, the total therapeutic efficacy ratio of herpes zoster in observation group and control group was 92.6% and 78.8% respectively with statistical difference(P<0.05).And incidence of post herpetic neuralgia in observation group and control group was 44.4% and 50.0% respectively with no statistical difference.Score of VAS which reflects pain in observation group after the treatment was statistically lower than that in control group in patients with post herpetic neuralgia(P<0.05).As to inflammatory factors, in comparison with control group, level of IL-6 in observation group was statistically lower [(137.6 ±32.4) pg/mL vs(340.5 ±30.6) pg/mL, P<0.05] and level of IL-10 was statistically higher [(179.3 ±22.5)μg/mL vs(150.6 ±24.1)μg/mL, P<0.05].During the treatment, there was no case of severe adverse reaction. Conclusion Interferon in combination with ganciclovir is effective for herpes zoster, which can significantly increase curative efficacy, alleviate pain degree of post herpetic neuralgia with minor adverse reactions .

Objective: To predict the risk of cognitive decline among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), so as to provide insights into the early identification of cognitive decline in elderly patients with T2DM. Methods: The elderly patients with T2DM hospitalized in the Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University were selected as subjects. General information was collected by a questionnaire survey, including demographics and nutritional status, and cognitive decline was assessed using the frailty Phenotype Scale, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the Clinical Dementia Rating. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of cognitive decline among elderly patients with T2DM. A nomogram was established, and was verified with Bootstrap resampling method and receiver operation characteristic curve. Results: A total of 270 questionnaires were sent out and 262 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective rate of 97.04%. There were 137 males (52.29%), 146 patients at ages of 60 to 69 years (55.73%), 179 married patients (68.32%), and 85 patients with cognitive decline (32.44%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified gender (female, OR=3.118), age (70 to 79 years, OR=3.218; 80 years and older, OR=3.058), educational level (high school or technical secondary school, OR=0.335; junior college, OR=0.130; college and above, OR=0.300), regular exercise (OR=0.083), memory (decreased, OR=29.723), nutritional status (risk of malnutrition, OR=16.307; malnutrition, OR=39.469), activity of daily living (decreased, OR=6.804) and depressive symptoms (OR=8.609) as factors affecting cognitive decline among elderly patients with T2DM (all P<0.05). The nomogram based on the above factors fit well and indicated strong predictive ability. Conclusion Gender, age, educational level, regular exercise, memory, nutritional status, activity of daily living and depressive symptoms can effectively predict the risk of cognitive decline among elderly patients with T2DM.

Directed evolution was conducted to improve the thermostability of lipase from Rhizopus chinensis CCTCC M201021. Mutations were introduced by two rounds of error-prone PCR and mutant lipase was selected by fast-blue RR top agar screening. Two positive variants were selected in the first-round and four in the second-round screening process. Ep2-4 was proved as the most thermostable lipase and its DNA sequencing revealed three amino acid substitutions: A129S, P168L and V329A. Compared with the parent, its half-life at 60 degrees C was 5.4- times longer and T50 was 7.8 degrees higher. Purified lipase of Ep2-4 was characterized and the result shows that its thermostability improved without compromising enzyme activity. According to the mimicked protein structure, mutation A129S formed a hydrogen bond with Gln133 and improved the thermostability by increasing the hydrophilicity and polarity of protein; mutation P168L by forming a hydrophobic bond with the nearby Leu164.
Cloning, Molecular ; Directed Molecular Evolution ; methods ; Enzyme Stability ; genetics ; Hot Temperature ; Industrial Microbiology ; Lipase ; chemistry ; genetics ; Mutation ; Pichia ; genetics ; metabolism ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Protein Engineering ; methods ; Rhizopus ; enzymology

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of retinal degeneration (RD) with retinal holes and the therapeutic effect of argon laser therapy. Methods The data of argon laser therapy in 210 RD patients (224 eyes) with retinal holes who underwent the treatment in our department were retrospectively analyzed, which was compared with the data of argon laser therapy in 173 RD patients (198 eyes) without retinal holes. Results In RD patients with retinal holes, 89.7% of the patients were less than 60 years old (53.3% males and 46.7% females). Grid-like degeneration was found in 65.6% of the patients in whom 87.5% had the range of degeneration less than 1 quardrant. There were oval-shaped holes in 60.7% of the patients and accompanied with limited rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (LRRD) in 23.7%. Compared with RD patients without retinal holes, the ratio of patients with the age of≥35 years, cystic degeneration, retinal lengthways small plica, and subjective symptoms was higher in RD patients with retinal holes; while the therapeutic effect of argon laser therapy on patients with LRRD was obviously less than whom without retinal holes (P