OBJECTIVE: To provide reference for patients with type I incisions about rational use of antibiotics.METHODS: Between Oct.2007 and Mar.2008,a total of 1 024 medical records of patients with type I incisions from orthopaedics,common surgery,department of gynecology in 12 hospitals of Xining area were sampled for analysis of prophylactic use of antibiotics.RESULTS: 100.0% of the type I incision patients received prophylactic antibiotics;28.4% used antibiotics without indication;16.9% used antibiotics at 0.5～2 h before operation;33.4% used antibiotics at more than 2 h before operation;and 49.7% received antibiotics postoperatively rather than preoperatively.The irrational and nonstandard use of antibiotics manifested as improper in the choice of drug variety,nonstandard in drug combination,irrational in dosage and administration,prolonged use of antibiotics,lacking basis for the change of drug variety etc.CONCLUSION: The prophylactic use of antibiotics in patients with type I incisions from 12 hospitals of Xining area is far from perfect,therefore,it is urgent to strengthen the standard management on the use of antibiotics.

Objective To establish the cell line stably expressing INSIG2 and observe its effecet on fat metabolism after overexpression of INSIG2.Methods The eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1(+)-INSIG2 was constructed,which was transfected into 3T3-L1 cells.The expression of INSIG2 and related genes were detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry,the contents of FFA in cell culture medium and adipocyte differentiation were detected by ELISA and Oil Red "O"staining respectively.Results After pcDNA3.1(+)-INSIG2 was transfected into the 3T3-L1 cells,the expression of INSIG1 mRNA and FAS mRNA were down-regulated,the content of FFA in the cell culture medium was decreased and adipocyte differentiation was drepressed.Conclusion The cell line stably expressing INSIG2 was successfully established,the transfected INSIG2 may have a drepressant effect on fat metabolism.

Objective To compare the therapeutic and adverse effects of MT regimen (mitoxantrone plus teniposide) and DA regimen (daunorubicin plus cytarabine) on initial treatment to acute monocytic leukemia. Methods 40 patients with initial treatment to acute monocytic leukemia were randomly divided into MT group(n=23) and DA group(n=17). All patients were treated with MT or DA regimen. The result and adverse effects of the two regimens were compared. Results Complete remission(CR) rate in the first course chemotherapy in MT and DA regimen was 65 % and 18 %, respectively. The total CR rate in MT and DA regimen was 83 % and 47 % respectively. The total effective rate was 92 % and 59 %, respectively. Significant differences were found. Severe myelosuppression occurred in both groups. The counts of wbc nadir and the durations of wbc less than 1×10~9/L were not significantly different in two group. The time points of wbc nadir, the start and end time points of wbc less than 1×10~9/L were significantly later in MT group than in DA group. Conclusion MT regimen is significant better than DA regimen in inducing remission in initial treatment acute monocytic leukemia, and it is a good choice for inducing remission strategy. The degrees of myelosuppression in two groups are similar. But the occurrent time of myelosuppression is later in MT group than in DA group. The great attention should be paid to anti-infection and support therapy at time properly.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and side effects in sibling and unrelated HLA identical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma patients under 45-year-old at early stage. Methods Three patients with multiple myeloma ranged from 38 to 44-year-old received two courses of chemotherapies and achieved partial remission. Sibling HLA identical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantations were underwent in case 1 and 2, and unrelated were in case 3. The conditioning regimens for case 1 and 2 included fludarabine, busulfan plus cyclophosphamide, and of case 3 included modified busulfan, cyclophosphamide plus antithymocyte globulin. Cycloporine A combined with methotrexate were used to prevent GVHD in the case 1 and 2, and methotrexate, mycophenolate and cycloporine A were used in case 3. Results All patients achieved full donor chimerism without graft failure. Grade Ⅱ acute GVHD and extensive chronic GVHD were found in case 1, but not in case 2 and 3. The period of follow-up of case 1, 2 and 3 were 48, 27 and 6 months, respectively, and all of them were alive with no signs of relapse. Conclusion The multiple myeloma patients under 45-year-old underwent sibling and unrelated HLA identical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation at early stage after chemotherapy remission have the low treatment-related mortality, high complete remission rate and may prolong long-term survival.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and characterization of the classes Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ integrons on Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and clarify their influence on the bacterial drug-resistance.METHODS A multi-PCR assay using specific primers of int1,int2 and int3 was constructed to screen classes Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ integrons.RESULTS Class Ⅰ integron was detected in 13.4% of clinical isolates,3 isolates harbored among class Ⅱ integrons. There was not been reported in abroad.CONCLUSIONS Classes Ⅰ and Ⅱ integrons could play an important role in causing the antibiotic multidrug resistance.

OBJECTIVE: To establish reuse process of positive pressure powered air-filter protective hoods during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. METHODS: The procedure of pretreatment, storage, recovery, cleaning, disinfection and sterilization process of positive pressure powered air-filter protective hoods, which were used in the treatment of COVID-19 infection patients was established in Central Sterile Supply Department of the hospital. The cleaning and disinfection effects of the protective hoods after treatment were examined by magnifying glass method, residual protein detection method, real-time PCR, and agar pour plate method. RESULTS: Twenty five used protective hoods underwent totally 135 times of washing, disinfecting and sterilizing procedures. After washing, all the protein residue tests and COVID-19 nucleic acid tests showed negative results. After sterilizing, all the protective hoods met sterility requirement. All the tested protective hoods were undamaged after reprocessing. CONCLUSIONS The established reuse procedures for used positive pressure powered air-filter protective hoods are safe.
Air Filters/virology* ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control* ; Disinfection/standards* ; Equipment Reuse/standards* ; Pandemics/prevention & control* ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control* ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Sterilization/standards*

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the effects of environmental cobalt exposure on insulin resistance (IR) in the general adult population. We investigated the association between cobalt concentration and IR. METHODS: A total of 1281 subjects aged more than 20 years with complete blood cobalt data were identified from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015-2016 cycle. Blood cobalt levels were analyzed for their association with IR among all populations and subgroups by sex. Regression coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of blood cobalt concentrations in association with fasting glucose, insulin and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were estimated using multivariate linear regression after adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, alcohol consumption, body mass index, education level, and household income. A multivariate generalized linear regression analysis was further carried out to explore the association between cobalt exposure and IR. RESULTS: A negative association between blood cobalt concentration (coefficient = - 0.125, 95% CI - 0.234, - 0.015; P = 0.026) and HOMA-IR in female adults in the age- and sex-adjusted model was observed. However, no associations with HOMA-IR, fasting glucose, or insulin were found in the overall population. In the generalized linear models, participants with the lowest cobalt levels had a 2.74% (95% CI 0.04%, 5.50%) increase in HOMA-IR (P for trend = 0.031) compared with subjects with the highest cobalt levels. Restricted cubic spline regression suggested that a non-linear relationship may exist between blood cobalt and HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS These results provide epidemiological evidence that low levels of blood cobalt are negatively associated with HOMA-IR in female adults.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cobalt/blood* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Environmental Pollutants/blood* ; Female ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Insulin/blood* ; Insulin Resistance ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nutrition Surveys ; Sex Factors ; United States ; Young Adult