Objective:To investigate the role of recombinant E.coli LLO/OVA on regulating the function of murine CD4+ CD25+ Treg cells.Methods:After E.coli LLO/OVA or E.coli OVA vaccination,the murine spleen CD4+ CD25+ Treg,CD4+ CD25- T and CD11c cells were collected respectively by magnetic beads sorting.The concentration of IL-10 in the supernatant of mix cocultured CD4+ CD25+ Treg and CD11c cells,and the suppression role of CD4+ CD25+ Treg cells on the proliferation of CD4+ CD25- T cells were determined.The percentage of OVA specific CD8+ T cells in mouse spleen was analyzed by flow cytometry.The number of metastatic tumor nodules in lungs of the mice transplanted with B16-OVA subcutaneouly was compared before and after dilition of CD4+ CD25+ Treg cells in mice.Results:Compared to E.coli OVA,E.coli LLO/OVA significantly downregulated IL-10 secretion of CD4+CD25+Treg cells and attenuated the suppressive effect of CD4+ CD25+ Treg on the proliferation of CD4+ CD25- T cells(P

For attracting more social charity funding into the health field, in-depth interviews are conducted into four health foundations in Beijing, presenting three aspects of existing problems and obstacles in the foundations devel-opment in this article. Firstly, the foundations have low effect in fundraising, poor information publication, little com-munication between other facilities and vague mechanism in donation. Secondly, the social public has erroneous views leading to deviant behavior. Finally, some annual inspection standards of the foundation are not suitable for the health field. Based on the above analysis, suggestions about how to improve transparency and fundraising ability in foundations and change the public erroneous views in donation are proposed. The governments might be suggested to get more relax-ed on the annual inspection standards of the foundations, and build an information platform in healthcare field as well.

Objective:To provide policy recommendations for Beijing public health departments to grasp the dy-namic allocation of healthcare resources and the advantage of medical functional dispersal, and making appropriate health policies to rationally adjust the allocation of health resources. Methods:To study the dynamic function of Bei-jing medical, this study uses the method of accounting of cases summary of the annual report on health finance through the descriptive analysis of the gross fixed capital formation in various regional government-run health facili-ties. Results:The results of this study show that the quality of medical health administrative resources was higher, but effectively dispersed in 2015. By contrast, the basic public health resources allocation was unbalanced. Conclu-sion:This study puts forward the corresponding health policy suggestions. On one hand, it is important to make fur-ther policy to encourage high quality medical resources to be effectively relieved and the regional planning should be done according to market demand by avoiding the blind construction at the early stages. On the other hand, much at-tention should be paid on the balanced development of the basic public health service ability and the coordinated de-velopment of administrative capacity in health, and supporting policies should be formulated, which should rationally allocate the public health resources for a better overall medical functional dispersal.

Objective:To put forward some suggestions for the national health development in the filed of health expenditure indicators .Methods:Two health expenditure indicators and four health outcomes indicators were chosen from WB and WHO official websites , and researches on the relationship between health expenditure and outcomes were conducted .We put forward proposed value of the health cost indicator .Results: With different levels of GDP per capita , the scatter diagram of health expenditure and GDP per capita had different rules .When health outcomes were taken into consideration , the rules were the same .When GDP per capita was at different level , better health outcomes were not related to higher health expenditure .Input-output ratio should be taken into consideration fully . Suggestions:The study should be dynamic as GDP develops .More factors can be added in the research , if the data of the factors is available .In this study , the GDP per capita was divided into 4 sections .The division standard of the GDP per capita can be more delicate .What is more important for the development of health expenditure is not contin-uing input , but better input-output ratio because of diminishing of marginal returns .One set of standards cannot be a-dapted to all countries and districts .We should give full consideration to the improvement of people's health instead of increasing input because the ultimate goal is the former .

Objective: To investigate the relationship between hemoglobin levels and prognosis of cerebral infarction in elderly patients aged 75 years and over. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 238 elderly patients (≥75 years old) with cerebral infarction admitted into our hospital from January 2016 to June 2018 was performed. The age, gender, serum creatinine and risk factors for stroke (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, homocysteine, atrial fibrillation, smoking, drinking), coronary heart disease, previous stroke history, tumor history, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, hemoglobin, hematocrit and other basic data were recorded. The patients were divided into the group with good prognosis (mRS score ≤ 2) and the group with poor prognosis (mRS score > 2). The relationship between hemoglobin levels and the prognosis of cerebral infarction in elderly patients were analyzed. Results: After 6 months of follow-up, 124 (52.1%, 124/238) stroke patients had a good prognosis, and 114 (47.9%, 114/238) patients had a poor prognosis, including 21 deaths. Anemia at admission (OR=2.433, 95%CI: 1.213-4.591, P=0.011), new-onset anemia after hospitalization (OR=2.615, 95%CI: 1.333-6.521, P=0.043) and the low level of minimum hemoglobin during hospitalization (OR=0.847, 95%CI: 0.671-0.971, P=0.038) were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in elderly stroke patients aged ≥75 years. New-onset anemia after hospitalization (OR=1.015, 95%CI: 1.002-1.027, P=0.022), the low level of minimum hemoglobin during hospitalization (OR=0.801, 95%CI: 0.654-0.981, P=0.027), the decrement of hemoglobin ≥20 g/L (OR=1.342, 95%CI: 1.011-1.763, P=0.000) at reexamination were independent risk factors for the mortality in elderly patients with cerebral infarction. Conclusions Anemia at admission, new-onset anemia after hospitalization, and the low level of minimum hemoglobin during hospitalization are independent predictors for poor prognosis in cerebral infarction patients aged ≥75 years. The decrement of hemoglobin ≥20 g/L after admission is an independent predictor for high mortality in elderly patients with cerebral infarction.

Objective:By analyzing the curative cost of treatment for children in Beijing,it provided recommendations for further optimizing child health management policies in Beijing.Methods:The System of Health Accounts 2011(SHA 2011)was used to calculate the CCE of children in Beijing's medical institutions.Results:The CCE of children under the age of 15 in Beijing were 92.29 billion yuan,97.54 billion yuan,and 105.72 billion yuan in 2017-2019,with an average annual growth rate of 4.67%;the financing structure of children's CCE is dominated by family health expenditure,accounting for about 65%;children's outpatient and inpatient CCE primarily flew to secondary and tertiary hospitals;respiratory diseases account for the largest share of the disease categories of the CCE,with a share of 25.96%,followed by digestive diseases with a share of 10.26%.Conclusion:The financing structure needs to be optimized to lessen the financial burden of medical care on the families of child patients;the capacity of grass-roots pediatric services should be strengthened,and reasonably guide the flow of adolescent patients to institutions;financial investment should be increased for pre-pregnancy,prenatal screening and other preventive services.It needs to give careful consideration to children's safety education and encourage the implementation of children's commercial accidental injury insurance.

Objective:By analyzing the curative cost of treatment for children in Beijing,it provided recommendations for further optimizing child health management policies in Beijing.Methods:The System of Health Accounts 2011(SHA 2011)was used to calculate the CCE of children in Beijing's medical institutions.Results:The CCE of children under the age of 15 in Beijing were 92.29 billion yuan,97.54 billion yuan,and 105.72 billion yuan in 2017-2019,with an average annual growth rate of 4.67%;the financing structure of children's CCE is dominated by family health expenditure,accounting for about 65%;children's outpatient and inpatient CCE primarily flew to secondary and tertiary hospitals;respiratory diseases account for the largest share of the disease categories of the CCE,with a share of 25.96%,followed by digestive diseases with a share of 10.26%.Conclusion:The financing structure needs to be optimized to lessen the financial burden of medical care on the families of child patients;the capacity of grass-roots pediatric services should be strengthened,and reasonably guide the flow of adolescent patients to institutions;financial investment should be increased for pre-pregnancy,prenatal screening and other preventive services.It needs to give careful consideration to children's safety education and encourage the implementation of children's commercial accidental injury insurance.

Objective:By analyzing the curative cost of treatment for children in Beijing,it provided recommendations for further optimizing child health management policies in Beijing.Methods:The System of Health Accounts 2011(SHA 2011)was used to calculate the CCE of children in Beijing's medical institutions.Results:The CCE of children under the age of 15 in Beijing were 92.29 billion yuan,97.54 billion yuan,and 105.72 billion yuan in 2017-2019,with an average annual growth rate of 4.67%;the financing structure of children's CCE is dominated by family health expenditure,accounting for about 65%;children's outpatient and inpatient CCE primarily flew to secondary and tertiary hospitals;respiratory diseases account for the largest share of the disease categories of the CCE,with a share of 25.96%,followed by digestive diseases with a share of 10.26%.Conclusion:The financing structure needs to be optimized to lessen the financial burden of medical care on the families of child patients;the capacity of grass-roots pediatric services should be strengthened,and reasonably guide the flow of adolescent patients to institutions;financial investment should be increased for pre-pregnancy,prenatal screening and other preventive services.It needs to give careful consideration to children's safety education and encourage the implementation of children's commercial accidental injury insurance.

Objective:By analyzing the curative cost of treatment for children in Beijing,it provided recommendations for further optimizing child health management policies in Beijing.Methods:The System of Health Accounts 2011(SHA 2011)was used to calculate the CCE of children in Beijing's medical institutions.Results:The CCE of children under the age of 15 in Beijing were 92.29 billion yuan,97.54 billion yuan,and 105.72 billion yuan in 2017-2019,with an average annual growth rate of 4.67%;the financing structure of children's CCE is dominated by family health expenditure,accounting for about 65%;children's outpatient and inpatient CCE primarily flew to secondary and tertiary hospitals;respiratory diseases account for the largest share of the disease categories of the CCE,with a share of 25.96%,followed by digestive diseases with a share of 10.26%.Conclusion:The financing structure needs to be optimized to lessen the financial burden of medical care on the families of child patients;the capacity of grass-roots pediatric services should be strengthened,and reasonably guide the flow of adolescent patients to institutions;financial investment should be increased for pre-pregnancy,prenatal screening and other preventive services.It needs to give careful consideration to children's safety education and encourage the implementation of children's commercial accidental injury insurance.

Objective:By analyzing the curative cost of treatment for children in Beijing,it provided recommendations for further optimizing child health management policies in Beijing.Methods:The System of Health Accounts 2011(SHA 2011)was used to calculate the CCE of children in Beijing's medical institutions.Results:The CCE of children under the age of 15 in Beijing were 92.29 billion yuan,97.54 billion yuan,and 105.72 billion yuan in 2017-2019,with an average annual growth rate of 4.67%;the financing structure of children's CCE is dominated by family health expenditure,accounting for about 65%;children's outpatient and inpatient CCE primarily flew to secondary and tertiary hospitals;respiratory diseases account for the largest share of the disease categories of the CCE,with a share of 25.96%,followed by digestive diseases with a share of 10.26%.Conclusion:The financing structure needs to be optimized to lessen the financial burden of medical care on the families of child patients;the capacity of grass-roots pediatric services should be strengthened,and reasonably guide the flow of adolescent patients to institutions;financial investment should be increased for pre-pregnancy,prenatal screening and other preventive services.It needs to give careful consideration to children's safety education and encourage the implementation of children's commercial accidental injury insurance.