The nature and preparation of sodium alginate are introduced and its medical applications are reviewed in fields such as medical carrier,gel microspheres,sustained-release materials,surgical wound repairing materials,and so on.Besides,its development prospects are described.It is an inevitable trend that sodium alginate is used in the development of controlled-release reagent.There are also important applications in the partial treatment of ear disease and artificial cartilage for sodium alginate,but the strength and toughness of alginate hydrogel limits its wider application.

Objective To study the effects of supplying iodine on thyroid autoimmunity in iodine deficiency subjects. Methods The levels and abnormal rates of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM), complement C 3, and thyroid autoantibodies such as thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb), thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) and thyroid stimulating antibody(TSAb) were observed in inhabitants in iodine deficiency area before and after oral iodized oil capsules were administered. Results The levels of IgA, IgG and C 3 increased after iodine supplying for three months, the proportions of IgG and C 3 which exceeded upper limit of the normal range reached to 38..9% and 62.0% respectively. The levels of IgA and IgG began to decrease markedly six months after iodine supplying. The levels of TPOAb, TGAb and their positive rates after iodine supplying were all higher than those before administration, and reached the highest level between three to six months after iodine supplement. And 7 cases out of 79 or 64 subjects with 2 kinds of positive autoantibodies were observed 3 or 6 months after iodine supplying respectively. The cases were all adult women with the average age of 27.6 yr, and had no clinical symptoms. The levels of TRAb and TSAb after iodine supplying were much higher than that before iodine supplying. The rate of positive TRAb was increasedmarkedlyandreachedto24.4% twelve months later. Conclusion Iodine supplying for the subjects with iodine deficiency seems to induce immune reaction, increase the levels of autoantibodies, and might develop autoimmune thyroid diseases.

Purpose To investigate nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK ) expression of tumor metastasis suppressor gene nm23 in heterotransplanted model of retinoblastoma(RB) in nude mice,and analyse the correlation between the expression of nm23 gene and the formation and progression of heterotransplanted RB. Methods SP immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of nm23 gene product NDPK in 20 tumors of heterotransplanted RB model and normal retinal tissue. Results The negative staining of nm23/ NDPK was found in normal retinal tissue , whereas 100% expression rate in RB tumors with positive number of 48.73?2.37. No statistical significance of the expression of nm23/ NDPK was observed between the intraocular growth phase (I～Ⅲ grade) and invasive phase (Ⅳ～Ⅴ grade) in heterotransplantedRB tumors. Conclusion The function of nm23 gene as a tumor metastasis suppressor in heterotransplanted RB tumors was less prominent ,but it may play a role in carcinogenesis and progrssion of RB and may predict poor prognosis.

Objective To explore an epicanthoplasty with good effect and small scar. Methods A V shape incision was designed in medial canthus and the two lines: point A is the top point of medial canthus and point A' is the top point of new medial canthus. The length of line AA' is about 4 to 8 mm according to the medial canthus and th incision is Y shape, and then Y-V epicanthoplasty is raised and enlarged. Results From January 2005 to December 2008, 98 cases were treated with this method to eliminate the medial epicanthal fold of the upper eyelid with simple procedures. Scarring of the medial canthal area had not been a problem with this technique because we designed incisions along the eyelashes and skin-mucosal junctions. By raising the point of new medial canthus to physiological position the angle of medial canthus was enlarged to reveal a lacrimal lake. Conclusion This technique is a simple, easy procedures with no visible scar.

Compared with the education model of German medical doctors,the education of medical doctors in our country starts late,still need exploration and improvement.Based on the history of the education mode of modern higher medical education in Germany,the educational characteristics of German medical PhD were analyzed and a comparative study on the Chinese and German education mode of medical doctors in terms of training objectives,admission requirements,mentoring system were conducted,which provides reference for the reform of the education mode of medical doctors in our country.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the status quo and tendency of endocrine therapy drugs in breast cancer patients from 11 hospitals of Zhejiang province during 2010-2015. METHODS:The prescriptions of breast cancer patients in 11 hospitals of Zhe-jiang province were analyzed retrospectively in respects of consumption sum,DDDs,DDC,etc. RESULTS:The consumption sum of endocrine therapy drugs in breast cancer patients from 11 hospitals of Zhejiang province during 2010-2015 increased from 2530192.33 yuan to 6201691.54 yuan,and its proportion in total consumption sum increased from 13.93％ to 17.40％,showing in-creasing tendency. The anastrozole always took up the first place in the list of consumption sum. Tamoxifen,anastrozole and letro-zole took up the top 3 places in the list of DDDs. Goserelin took up the first place in the list of DDC. CONCLUSIONS:The pre-scription amount and consumptionsum of endocrine therapy drugs in breast cancer patients from 11 hospitals of Zhejiang province during 2010-2015 show year-on-year growth trend;and those drugs which are safe,effective,economical and convenient predomi-nate in clinic.

Objective To evaluate the clinical diagnostic value of a new nonlinear detection of index for coronary heart disease.Methods The inpatients suspected with coronary heart disease were randomly selected from March 2008 to February 2009 in the departments of The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University,after routine examination.The time was fixed in the night before coronary angiography for data acquisition.Those whose number of cardiac RR interval (utilization) was less than 90% were removed and eventually a total of 124 cases were selected.Basing on gold standard (coronary angiography),the patients were divided into a group of 53 cases of coronary heart disease,middle group of 38 cases and the control group of 33 cases.In a stable state,the supine subjects were under the 12-lead ECG monitoring for 30 minutes to obtain RR interval data,and after careful examination data were blindly transferred to professionals who filtered the data,analyzed them with formula of 50-step chaometry(50SCM)and output.Finally,the date were analyzed with statistical methods.Results Between the three groups there was significant difference in 50SCM(P

Objective: This paper investigates Shenmai Injection’s effect on the cellular immunity of patients with acute exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Methods: 92 cases of AECOPD patients are randomly divided into two groups----control group and treatment group, each with 46 patients. Patients in the two groups are given the same treatment such as anti-inflammatory, astiasthmatic, eliminating phlegm, inhale oxygen. Based on conventional treatment, the treatment group dissolves 40mL of Shenmai Injection in 250mL of injection glucose (5%). Such solution is dripped in vein continuously for two courses of treatment, with ten drops for a course of treatment and once a drop. Indexes of CD+3, CD+4, CD+8of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets and ratio of CD+4/CD+8 are tested before two weeks and after two weeks of the treatment, in order to discuss the effect of Shenmai Injection on the cellular immunity of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Results: After two weeks' treatment, the indexes of CD+3, CD+4 raise up, the indexes of CD+8 go down, and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ increases. In contrast, there is a significant difference for the patients before the treatment; So is the same with Indexes of CD+3, CD4+, CD8+ and ratio of CD+4/CD+8 to the patients in the treatment group and those in the control group after two weeks. Conclusion: Shenmai Injection can improve the AECOPD patient’s cellular immunity.

AIM To determine the contents of polymethoxylated flavones in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium from eleven cultivar origins.METHODS HPLC was applied to screening extraction solvents (methanol,anhydrous ethanol,95％ ethanol,ethyl acetate and petroleum ether).Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry was adopted in the content determination of polymethoxylated flavones in eighteen batches of samples,nobiletin was taken as a reference substance,and the detection wavelength was set at 330 nm.RESULTS Ethyl acetate exhibited the best extraction effect,so it was selected as extraction solvent.Nobiletin showed a good linear relationship within the range of 3.024-13.104 μg/mL (R2 =0.999 8),whose average recovery was 101.37％ with the RSD of 1.34％.The contents of polymethoxylated flavones had obvious differences among samples from different cultivar origins,which were relatively high from Citrus reticulata ‘ Chachi’,Citrus reticulata ‘ Dahongpao’,Citrus reticulata ‘ Tangerina’,Citrus reticulata ‘ Ponkan’,Citrus reticulata ‘ Kinokuni’and Citrus reticulata ‘ Shiyueju’(more than 0.4％).CONCLUSION This simple and accurate method can effectively eliminate the interference of another flavonoids,which is suitable for the content determination of polymethoxylated flavones in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium.

Objective To investigate the application of the parietal branches of superficial temporal artery island flap in the complex scalp defects.Methods A parietal branches of superficial temporal artery island flap on the ectatic scalp flap was designed to repair the complex scalp defects in 25cases and the repairing effect was observed.Results The island flaps were survived completely in 24patients,in which 1 patient had partial necrosis because of the flap tension was too large,but healed after local dressing and debridement.After followed up 6～ 12 months,the color and texture of the flap were the same to the surrounding normal scalp,and the shape was satisfactory.The flap donor site of hair growth was good,with well healing and no obvious complications.Conclusions The parietal branches of superficial temporal artery island flap can repair the complex scalp defects with the flexible flap design and movement.The flap survives well and the repair area is large.The flap and the surrounding scalp connects good.Therefore,it is a good method strongly recommended for small area complex scalp defects repair in clinics.