Mammary stem cell is the subpopulation in mamnlary gland,capable of self-renewal and dif-ferentiating into ductal,alveolar and myoepithelial cells.Recently,several laboratories have employed various methods identifying mammary stem cells,including Sca-1,Hoechst dye efflux,CD24,CD3 1-CIM5-Terl19- CD24+CD29hi and so on.which offer a useful tool to elucidate the mechanism of mammary slem cell self-renew- al and design more effective therapies of mammary cancer.

Objective To investigate the difference in cardiac structure and hemodynamics characteristics between fetuses with isolated persistent left superior vena cava (LSVC)and normal fetuses by using fetal echocardiography,in order to explore whether isolated PLSVC has some influence on the development of fetal heart structure development.Methods Twenty-two fetuses diagnosed with isolated PLSVC in the second and third trimester were enrolled in this study.The PLSVC fetuses were divided into two groups:group 1 ,twenty-two fetuses in the second trimester (23-27+6 W);group 2,twenty fetuses in the third trimester (28-39+6 W).Forty-nine fetuses without intra-cardiac and extra-cardiac anomalies with gestation age matched were involved as normal control groups:25 fetuses in the second trimester,and 24 fetuses in the third trimester.The parameters of cardiac structure and hemodynamics of the four groups were measured,including left and right sideheart size,the diameter of foramen ovale(FO),aorta(AO),aortic isthmus and pulmonary artery (PA).The ratio of RV/LV,RA/LA and PA/AO were calculated.The hemodynamic parameters included the flow velocity across mitral valve(MV),tricuspid valve(TV)and FO. All the parameters of PLSVC groups were compared with the normal groups respectively.Results In the second trimester group,the ratio of RV/LV and PA/AO of the PLSVC fetuses were significantly larger than normal,while the AO diameter,aortic isthmus diameter were smaller than normal group (P <0.05). However in the third trimester group,only the ratio of PA/AO of the PLSVC group was significantly greater,and the aortic isthmus diameter was still smaller than the normal group (P <0.05).Conclusions Isolated PLSVC connected with coronary sinus is associated with structural differences from normal.A dilated coronary sinus may have an influence on the development of fetal left heart structures.

Objective To compare cardiovascular responses of intubations by Discopo and Macintosh laryngoscope in elderly patients with hypertension. Methods Sixty elderly hypertensive patients with ASAⅡ~Ⅲundergoing elective surgery were equally randomized into two groups. After induction of general anesthesia , orotracheal intubation was performed with Discopo or Macintosh. The Mean arterial pressure (MBP) and heart rate (HR), as while as Electrocardiogram (ECG) and Blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), were recorded before (baseline values) and at 1,3,5 minutes after intubation(post-induction values). The rate of one-time successive intubation,intubation time and complication were also recorded. Results Compared with the macintosh group, the rate of one-time successive intubation was higher and the intubation time was shorter in the Discopo group (P< 0.05, respectively),with no complications. Compared with T0,MBP and HR at T2 in the two groups and T3 in the Macintosh group increased significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with the Macintosh group,MBP and HR at T2,T3 of the Discopo group decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Conclusion Little effect of tracheal intubation with Discopo on cardiovascular response was observed in elderly hypertensive patients.

Objective To observe the changes in electrophysiology and ultramicrostructureafter noise exposure in cochlea of guinea pigs. Methods Thirty animals were divided into 4 groups:group 1 was normal animals,while group 2,3 and 4 were animals of 0.5 hours,7 days and 3 weeks after exposed to noise of 120 dB SPL for 2 hours, respectively.The ABR and 40 Hz-AERP were measured before and after exposure. The hair cells were observed by scanning electron microscope.Results The amplitudes of ABR and 40 Hz-AERP disappeared right after noise exposure, however,they returned to normal 7 days and 3 weeks later . The scanning electron microscopy showed the stereocilia of the hair cells were disarranged and some disappeared at the second and fourth circle of the cochlea . The changes of the pathology at the fourth circle were more serious than that of the second circle. Conclusion The stereocilia of the hair cells had recovered after noise exposure.

Objective To examine whether hair cell immunophenotypes could be derived from the central nervous system (CNS). Methods We established cell cultures from embryonic day 14.5 fetal mouse brain tissues, and analyzed changes in immunohistochemical features of the CNS cell cultures by induction of differentiation.with FGF-2 and EGF.Results The results of this study showed that neural progenitors obtained from fetal rat CNS generated hair cell immunophenotypes with expression of epitopes of hair cell marker proteins myosin VIIa in vitro.Conclusion These findings indicate that immature neural progenitors possess the potential to differentiate into hair cell phenotypes. Immature neural progenitors may be useful as materials for cell transplantation therapy for replacement of damaged inner ear hair cells. Key words: central nervous system, hair cell, immunohistochemical,immunophenotype, transdifferentiation.

Objective To improve the diagnosis to the cause of pyeloureteric junction(PUJ) obstruction.Methods We carried out intravenous urography(IVU) exam in 22 cases and pyelography exam through percutaneous trans-renal puncture in 6 cases.Among them,15 cases had also received retrograde urography(RGU)exam.Results Among the 23 cases,12 cases were of stenosis,4 cases were of vagrant vessel,3 cases were of fibrous band,2 cases were of high-positioned ureter,1 case was of ureteric valve and 1 case was of viviparous remains texture.The above results were attested by operation.Conclusion IVE,RGU and percutaneous trans-renal puncture pyelography are the most commonly used and most efficient ways to the diagnosis of PUJ obstruction.They can help diagnosis the causes of some PUJ obstruction.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of CO-2 laser treatment for patients with precancerous laryngeal lesions.Methods Ninety-four patients with precancerous laryngeal lesions were treated by endoscopic CO-2 laser operation from 2001 to 2006.87 males and 7 females patients had ages between 18 and 85.Results For a follow up ranging from 6 month to 5 years,the outcomes of 81 patients(81/94,86.2%) were successful only through one operation while 10 cases(10/94,10.6%)received more than two operations.The lesions for 3 patients(3/94,3.2%) were found to have turned out malignant at a later stage.Conclusion The carbon dioxide laser has proved valuable in treating patients with precancerous laryngeal lesions.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of the diameter ratio of left subclavian artery to aortic isthmus(LSA/AoIS)in fetuses with aortic coarctation(COA).Methods A retrospective study of 79 fetal echocardiographic data was undergone on 49 COA fetuses.The COA cases were divided into four groups according to different gestational week (cases in each group including follow-up review of different gestational weeks):group 1 ,24-27+6 W;group 2,28 -31+6 W;group 3,32 -35+6 W;group 4,36 -39+6 W.The normal fetuses with gestational age matched were also divided into four control groups.The diameter of left subclavian artery(LSA) and aortic isthmus (AoIS) were measured,the ratio of LSA/AoIS of each group were calculated,and the data between the COA and control groups were compared.ROC curve analysis was used for LSA/AoIS to predict the demarcation point of postnatal COA.Results ①There was no statistic difference in the LSA diameter between COA groups and control groups (P >0.05):group 1 (1 .87±0.42)mm vs (1 .75 ±0.25)mm;group 2 (2.25 ±0.36)mm vs (2.21 ±0.22)mm;group 3 (2.74±0.32)mm vs (2.90 ±0.29)mm;group 4 (2.83 ±0.28)mm vs (3.06 ±0.30)mm;②The ratio of LSA/AoIS was significantly increased in COA groups than those in control groups:group 1 (0.88± 0.15) vs (0.66±0.06),group 2 (0.85±0.13)vs(0.64±0.05),group 3 (0.94±0.17)vs(0.73±0.07), group 4 (0.94±0.18)vs(0.70±0.07),the difference was statistically significant(P <0.05);③The cut-off value of LSA/AoIS ratio were 0.78,0.73,0.83,0.78 in each group,respectively.Conclusions The ratio of LSA/AoIS can be used as a useful echocardiographic parameter which suggest the presence of aortic coarctation.This ratio≥0.8 may have a certain diagnostic significance.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the risk factors and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolated from 6 hospitals in Beijing,and study the difference in resistance rate of isolates from different hospitals. METHODS In this study,145 cases with S.maltophilia infection were analyzed and their susceptibility was tested.The synergetic screening test was applied to detect metallo-?-lactamases. RESULTS Most of 145 strains were isolated from sputum(86.2%),mainly from ICU(48.3%),and department of respiratory medicine(22.1%).The drug sensitivity tests in vitro showed these strains were resistant to commonly used antibiotics,and drugs whose sensitive rate was over 50% included doxycycline,gatifloxacin,cefoperazone-sulbactam,levofloxacin,compound sulfamethoxazole,ceftazidime-clavulanate and ticarcillin-clavulanate.The antimicrobial resistance of strains isolated from different wards showed some difference.Of all the infected patients,56.7% had underlying diseases;92.2%were treated previously with broad-spectum antibiotics;76.8% underwent invasive examination or treatment. CONCLUSIONS S.maltophilia is resistant to many kinds of antibiotics.The infection caused by S.maltophilia often occurs in patients with severe underlying disease and low immunity.Antibiotics should by chosen by drug sensitivity tests.

Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Laryngectomy ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Postoperative Period ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms ; secondary