OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the efficacy of α-lipoic acid versus epalrestat in the treatment of diabetic pe-ripheral neuropathy(DPN),and provide evidence-based reference for clinic. METHODS:Retrieved from CJFD,CBM,VIP,Wan-fang Database and PubMed,randomized controlled trials(RCT)about α-lipoic acid versus epalrestat in the treatment of DPN were collected,and the study was screened by inclusion and exclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was performed by using Rev Man 5.3 soft-ware after data extraction and quality evaluation by Cochrane software. RESULTS:Totally 6 RCTs were enrolled,involving 408 pa-tients. Results of Meta-analysis showed,compared with epalrestat,there were no significant differences in the total effective rate [RR=0.98,95%Cl(0.84,1.15),P=0.81],motor nerve conduction velocity [median nerve:MD=1.02,95%Cl(-1.10,3.14),P=0.34;common peroneal nerve:MD=0.23,95%Cl(-1.11,1.58),P=0.73] and sensory nerve conduction velocity [median nerve:MD=1.10,95%Cl(-0.39,2.59),P=0.15;common peroneal nerve:MD=0.95,95%Cl(-1.47,3.36),P=0.44] in α-lipoic acid group. CONCLUSIONS:The efficacy of α-lipoic acid is similar to epalrestat in the treatment of DPN,as well as the motor nerve conduction velocity and sensory nerve conduction velocity of median nerve or common peroneal nerve.

In recent years,gut microecology has attracted increasing attention because of its close relationship with the development and pro-gression of various liver diseases and associated complications.The impairment of liver function can disturb gut microecology,whereas the imbalance in gut microecology in turn promotes the aggravation of liver diseases.This paper reviews the relationship between gut microecolo-gy and various liver diseases,and discusses the role of modulating gut microecology in the treatment of liver diseases.A new idea is provided for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases based on the modulation of gut microecology.

SUMMARY Breastfeeding has been recognized as the most natural and nutritious way of feeding babies . Besides the nutritional , immunological and emotional benefits , breastfeeding promotes a healthy stomatog-nathic system .First of all, the nutrients and minerals in maternal milk are easy to be absorbed by the infants, which contributes to the mineralization of the teeth , and suppress the propagation of bacteria on the teeth.Though the jury is still out on whether breastfeeding can prevent Early Childhood Caries (ECC), it is definite that we should pay attention to feeding at night and the oral hygiene of the babies . Secondly , the method of feeding is closely bound up with the development of dentition and jaw .Breast-and bottle-feeding involve different orofacial muscles , which possibly have different effects on the harmo-nic growth of maxilla and dental arches .Meanwhile , breathing , swallowing and mastication should be developing in harmony , and differences exist in the learning of the coordinated movement between breast feeding and bottle feeding children .Bottle feeding had been proved to be closely related with the non-nutritive sucking habits which can cause malocclusion .At last, it should be pointed out that breast fee-ding should be the only feeding source in the first 6 months of life, then supplementary foods should be added .And prolonged bottle feeding should be avoided .We can see that breast feeding is definitely good for the infants , but the reality is not optimistic in our country .

Objective To investigate the contents of cytokeratin fragment 21-1 (CYFRA21-1),cancer antigen-153(CA153) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE)in patients wuth lung cancer. Methods 60 cases with lung cancer using single and combined determination serum CYFRA21-1, CA153 and NSE levels by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Results The contents of CYFRA21-1 ,CA125 and NSE in lung cancer were significantly higher than the control group(t = 2.811,2.845,2.901,2.795,2.759,2.811,2. 852,2.799,2. 816, all P ＜ 0. 01); The content of CYFRA21-1 in squamous cell carcinoma were higher than that small cell undifferentiated carcinoma(t = 2. 214, P ＜0. 05) ;The content of NSE in squamous cell carcinoma group were lower than small cell undifferentiated carcinoma (t = 2.312,P ＜ 0.05) ;The content of CA125 in adeno-carcinoma were higher than the higher squamous cell carcinoma scales cancer(t = 2. 177, P ＜ 0. 05); The positive rate of combined detection of CYFRA21-1 + CA153 + NSE (86. 4%)was significantly higher than the single test(x2 =3.786,P ＜0.05) ;The combined detection of sensitivity and negative predictive value was significantly higher than single detection (x2 = 3. 846,3. 877, all P ＜ 0. 05).Conclusion The combined determination could make up for missed diagnosis, and had some clinical value.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare adriamycin-loaded PLGA-PLL-PEG nanoparticles,and study its antitumor activity. METH-ODS:PLGA-PLL-PEG with the polymerization of PLGA-PLL and activated polyethylene glycol was used as carrier for adriamy-cin,and adriamycin-loaded PLGA-PLL-PEG nanoparticles were prepared. The shape size,particle size distribution,adriamycin con-tent of nanoparticles were detected,drug loading and encapsulation efficiency were calculated. Cumulative release rate (Q) of nanoparticles and adriamycin within 144 h and its proliferation inhibition rate on breast cancer HeLa cells were compared,and half inhibitory rate (IC50) was calculated. RESULTS:Prepared adriamycin-loaded PLGA-PLL-PEG nanoparticles were regular circular with good dispersion and no adhesion. The average particle size was (136.7 ± 9.3) nm (n=5),average encapsulation efficiency was(76.67±8.63)%,average drug loading was(3.86±0.55)%(n=3). Q12 h of adriamycin had reached 100%;Q12 h of adriamy-cin-loaded PLGA-PLL-PEG nanoparticles was 52.9%,Q144 h was 81.2%. The inhibitory rate of adriamycin-loaded PLGA-PLL-PEG nanoparticles on HeLa cells increased slowly than adriamycin;IC50 were 1.844,0.345 μg/mL,respectively. CONCLUSIONS:Adri-amycin-loaded PLGA-PLL-PEG nanoparticles are prepared successfully,showing good sustained-release effect and more significant inhibitory effect than adriamycin.

AIM: To study the dynamic expression of protease - activated receptors - 1 (PAR- 1 ) after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and the influence of Nao Xue Kang Tablet (NXKT) on it's expression. METHODS: 72 Wistar rats were divided into normal group, ICH model groups (ICH, 6 h, 24 h, 3 d, 7 d), Nao Xue Kang groups (NXKT, 6 h, 24 h, 3 d,7 d).ICH models were produced with the induction of collagenase typeⅦ - S, except normal group. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect PAR- 1 protein and RT- PCR technique was used to detect PAR- 1 mRNA in brain tissues around the haematoma at different time points of different groups. RESULTS: PAR - 1 protein and mRNA were mildly positive in normal group. In ICH model groups, intensity of PAR - 1 expression started to increase at 6 h, and further increased at 24 h. PAR - 1 expression reached the peak at 3 d and began to descend. At 7 d the decent was obvious. At 6 h, 24 h, 3 d, and 7 d time points, the PAR-1 protein positive cell number and PAR- 1 mRNA absorbance ratio in ICH model and NXKT groups were significantly higher than those in normal group ( P ＜0.05 or P ＜ 0.01). The PAR- 1 protein positive cell number and PAR- 1 mRNA absorbance ratio in NXKT group were significantly lower than in ICH model group ( P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01 ). CONCLUSION: After ICH,PAR - 1 is continuously activated because of the stimulation of thrombin. Action of thrombin after ICH may be mediated by PAR- 1; NXKT may inhibit the activation of PAR- 1, so the praxiology is improved. This may be one of the main mechanisms that NXKT could facilitate the recovery of nervous function.

AIM: To study the dynamic expression of protease-activated receptors-1 (PAR-1) after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and the influence of Nao Xue Kang Tablet (NXKT) on it's expression. METHODS: 72 Wistar rats were divided into normal group, ICH model groups (ICH, 6 h, 24 h, 3 d, 7 d), Nao Xue Kang groups (NXKT, 6 h, 24 h, 3 d,7 d). ICH models were produced with the induction of collagenase typeⅦ-S, except normal group. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect PAR-1 protein and RT-PCR technique was used to detect PAR-1 mRNA in brain tissues around the haematoma at different time points of different groups. RESULTS: PAR-1 protein and mRNA were mildly positive in normal group. In ICH model groups, intensity of PAR-1 expression started to increase at 6 h, and further increased at 24 h. PAR-1 expression reached the peak at 3 d and began to descend. At 7 d the decent was obvious. At 6 h, 24 h, 3 d, and 7 d time points, the PAR-1 protein positive cell number and PAR-1 mRNA absorbance ratio in ICH model and NXKT groups were significantly higher than those in normal group (P

0.05). The LDL-C and apoB concentrations in fasting serum in men with 54T allele were significantly higher than those with 54A allele (2.38?0.63 vs 2.21?0.57mmol/L, P

Objective To explore the relationship between intestinal fatty acid binding protein(FABP2) gene G54A polymorphism and obesity,the effect of mutant 54A FABP2 gene on serum lipids metabolism.Methods The total of 84 subjects with obesity and 60 subjects with normal weight were involved in this study.The G54A FABP2 gene allele and genotype frequencies were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP) technology.The automatic biochemical Analyzer was used to detect triglyceride(TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) levels.Results The results of study on FABP2 gene polymorphism revealed as followed:in obese groups,the frequencies of GG,GA,A/A genotypes was 19.0%(16/84),73.8%(62/84) and 7.2%(6/84),respectively;in control group,the frequencies of G/G,G/A,A/A genotypes was 38.3%(23/60),58.3%(35/60),3.3%(2/60),respectively;the differences between two groups was statistically significant(χ2=6.97,P<0.05).In obesity group,the frequencies of alleles were 56.0%(94/168) for 54G and 44.0%(74/168) for 54A;in the control group,the frequencies of alleles were 67.5%(81/120) for 54G and 32.5%(39/120) for 54A;the differences between two groups was statistically significant(χ2=3.92,P<0.05).The plasma biochemical variables results showed as followed:in obesity group,the carriers of A/A homozygous genotypes and G/A heterozyous genotypes both had significantly higher plasma TG((2.36±0.82) mmol/L,(2.06±0.59) mmol/L,respectively)and LDL-C((3.94±0.96) mmol/L,(3.29±0.55) mmol/L,respectively)level than those with GG wild genotype(t=2.206,2.575,2.632,2.278;P<0.05).The level of HDL-C in the carriers of A/A homozygous genotypes((1.23±0.34) mmol/L)and in the carriers of G/A heterozyous genotypes((1.21±0.26) mmol/L) were not significantly different than those with GG wild genotype((1.29±0.31) mmol/L,P>0.05).The carriers of A/A homozygous genotypes had significantly higher plasma LDL-C((3.94±0.96) mmol/L)level than thosewith G/A wild genotype((3.94±0.96) mmol/L vs.(3.29±0.55) mmol/L,t=2.476,P<0.05),but the plasma TG((2.36±0.82) mmol/L vs.(2.06±0.59) mmol/L;P>0.05) and HDL-C((1.23±0.34) mmol/L vs.(1.21±0.26) mmol/L;P>0.05) level had not difference.Conclusion The FABP2 gene G54A polymorphism is related to obesity and lipid metabolism abnormality.The allele encoding in FABP2 gene may be a potential factor contributing to promoting lipid metabolism abnormality.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of helmet delivered continuous positive airway pressure (Helmet-CPAP)for hypoxemia in airway extubated patients after cardiac surgery.Methods 120 adult patients in ICU from March 2014 to July 2015,who were after cardiac surgery,were enrolled.These patients who suffered hypoxemia within 48 hours after extubation,defined as that PaO2/FiO2 with oxygen mask could not reach 200,were divided into two groups.In the control group high concentration oxygen therapy with mask was delivered,while helmet-CPAP was delivered in the experimental group.Treatment duration was 6 hours.Results Helmet-CPAP significantly improved PaO2/FiO2 (144.35 ± 24.43 vs.201.35 ± 52.97,P ＜ 0.05) and left ventricular ejection fractions(0.5383 ± 0.0844 vs.0.5540 ± 0.0844,P ＜ 0.05).Breathing rate (22.60±5.08 vs.18.53 ±4.13,P＜0.05),heart rate(102.72±17.9 vs.95.15 ±13.79,P＜0.05)and shock index (0.85 ± 0.35 vs.0.75 ± 0.15,P ＜ 0.05) were significantly lower.The rate of using mechanical ventilation (6.67％ vs.28.33％,P ＜ 0.05) and length of ICU stay[41.0(25.0,67.5) hours vs.49.5 (32.5,90.8) hours,P ＜ 0.05] was significantly less than control group.Conclusion Helmet delivered continuous positive airway pressure is an effective and safe treatment for hypoxemia in airway extubated patients after cardiac surgery.