Objective: To sum up characteristics of hotline counseling about mental health problems in Shanghai. Method: All records of hotline counseling from 1990 to 2000 were input into computer. Retrospective analysis was done. Results: In the past 10 years, the main issues in hotline counseling were associated with love affairs (18.1%), emotional troubles (15.8%), psychosis (11.3%), and interpersonal relationship (8.1%), which were also related to the help-seekers background, such as gender, age, education levels, occupation and marriage status.

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) has various clinical symptoms, and its etiology and pathogenesis have not been fully understood. Recent studies have shown that the composition of intestinal flora is associated with the changes in the central nervous system in patients with HE. With reference to recent studies in China and foreign countries, this article analyzes and summarizes the regulatory mechanism of intestinal flora on HE through the liver-brain axis from the perspectives of microbiology, nervous system, and immunology, and it is pointed out that in-depth studies on the mechanism of action of intestinal flora are needed for the treatment of HE and can provide a clear basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To ensure the medical security of the astronauts,new targeted strategies were adopted after summarizing the experience in Chinese astronauts rescue and medical aid at the main landing site,the specialty and characteristics of landing were analysied.Methods Search the publications about astronaut medical aid domestic and abroad,summarize the rescue and medical aid experiences from Shenzhou 5 to Shenzhou 10.In consideration of prolonged on-orbit time,the cold weather conditions at the landing zone of Shenzhou 11,new targeted strategies were presented.Results On the basis of the original helicopter emergency platform and first aid equipment,the emergency aid procedures were optimized,personal warm clothing,a heat preservation box,insulation blanket,self-heating pads and intraosseous rapid infusion system were used to ensure the medical security of astronauts in cold weather at the main landing site.Conclusions With the procedures optimized and the targeted strategies performed,the astronauts' s rescue and medical aid project was fully meet the cold and complex conditions at main landing site.

Objective To explore the relationship between plasma adiponectin, visfatin, leptin, and resistin levels, and the onset of colonic polyps in prediabetes subjects. Methods A total of 468 prediabetes subjects, who received colonoscopy examination, were enrolled in this study, including 248 cases of colon polyps (polyps group with prediabetes) and 220 cases without colonic mucosal lesions ( polyps-free group with prediabetes). According to the clinical characteristics of colonic polyps, colonic polyps patients with prediabetes were subdivided into single polyp group, multiple polyps group, low-risk polyps group, and high-risk polyps group, respectively. In addition, 108 subjects with normal glucose tolerance, who were matched with prediabetes subjects on gender and age, were selected as control group, and 46 cases of them were refered to polyps group with normal glucose tolerance and 62 cases were refered to polyps-free group with normal glucose. Plasma adiponectin, visfatin, leptin, and resistin levels were measured in all subjects, and related risk factors of colonic polyps in prediabetes patients were analyzed. Results Not only in normal glucose tolerance subjects, but also in prediabetes subjects, plasma visfatin levels in polyps group were significantly higher than those in polyps-free group (P＜0.05), and plasma adiponectin levels were significantly lower than those in polyps-free group [normal glucose tolerance (9.8±4.8 vs 13.3±3.9)mg/L, P＜0.05; prediabetes (5.6 ± 3.7 vs 9.2 ± 4.4)mg/L, P＜0.01], respectively. However, no significant difference in the plasma leptin and resistin levels were observed between polyps-free group and polyps group ( both P＞0. 05), respectively. In addition, in prediabetes subjects, plasma visfatin levels increased (P＜0.05) and adiponectin levels decreased significantly [(4.3 ± 2.6 vs 6.7 ± 3.9) mg/L, P＜0.05] in multiple polyps group than in single polyp group. Nevertheless, there were no significant differences in plasma leptin and resistin levels between two groups (both P＞0.05). Moreover, plasma adiponectin levels decreased significantly in high-risk polyps group with prediabetes than in low-risk polyps group with prediabetes[(3.7±2.9vs7.4±3.5)mg/L,P＜0.05].Meanwhile,noneofplasmavisfatin,leptin,andresistinlevels had shown significant difference between two groups (all P＞0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis found that adiponectin was an independent protective factor for colon polyps, multiple colon polyps and high-risk colon polyps. Conclusion The changes of plasma adiponectin levels might be associated with onset of colonic polyps in prediabetes.

Objective To summarize the medical security experience in first-aid and resuscitation for astronauts at the exit of capsule after the spacecraft returns to the main landing site in the process of human spaceflight in China,and thus to provide a powerful security measures for Chinese aerospace medicine.Methods The medical support experiences were summarized in human spaceflight from "Shenzhou V" to "Shenzhou X",relevant reports on emergency rescue and resuscitation were consulted in in-orbit process and after emergency return and landing for domestic and foreign astronauts,astronauts' physiological changes in cardiopulmonary resuscitation were analyzed during emergency return,and then,corresponding strategies were proposed and tested in practice (actual combat) by combining with the flight characteristics of the spacecraft "Shenzhou XI".Results On the basis of the original emergency treatment,the countermeasures for the cardiopulmonary resuscitation were proposed after the spacecraft returned to the main landing site in human spaceflight,the emergency equipment was adjusted,the emergency procedures were optimized,and anti-fog glidescopes were added,laryngeal masks were introduced to perform supraglottic ventilation as the quickest and most effective airway opening measure on site.In addition,ultrasound examination was applied in practice as an important treatment and assessment method for basic life support and advanced life support.All these could ensure the rescuing ability on cardiopulmonary resuscitation during their stay in space for the medium-term and after their return to the main landing site.Conclusions During the return of the astronauts of the spacecraft "Shenzhou XI" to the main landing site,the first aid and support program had been improved specifically and the process had been optimized to ensure the successful completion of medical security mission of China's human spaceflight.

Objective:To investigate the clinical significance of changes in heparin binding protein(HBP), procalcitonin (PCT) and prealbumin (PA) levels in the early diagnosis of intracranial infection in patients with brain tumors after surgery.Methods:The clinical data of 160 patients with brain tumors who underwent surgical treatment in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2015 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. And 80 cases of intracranial infection after surgery were classified as the infection group. According to the severity of infection, patients were divided into 33 cases in the mild infection group, 36 cases in the moderate infection group, and 11 cases in the severe infection group; 80 cases without postoperative intracranial infection were classified as the non-infection group. All enrolled members were tested for HBP, PCT, PA at time points of 0 h before surgery, 12 h after surgery, 3 d after surgery, and 6 d after surgery. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of intracranial infection in patients with brain tumors after surgery.Results:The levels of HBP and PCT in the infected group were higher than those in the non-infected group before and after surgery at all time points (all P < 0.05). The level of PA in the infected group was lower than that in the non-infected group (all P < 0.05). The levels of HBP and PCT in both groups at various time points after surgery were higher than those before surgery (all P < 0.05), which showed a decreasing trend over time. The level of PA of both groups at all time points after surgery was lower than that before surgery (all P < 0.05), which showed a trend of first decreasing and increasing and then decreasing over time. The preoperative HBP level in the severe infection group [35.45 ng/ml (23.61 ng/ml, 59.44 ng/ml)] was higher than that in the mild infection group [12.51 ng/ml (5.11 ng/ml, 19.92 ng/ml)] and the moderate infection group [22.22 ng/ml (16.49 ng/ml, 27.55 ng/ml)], and differences were statistically significant ( Z = 41.167, 19.105, both P < 0.05). The preoperative PCT level in the severe infection group [1.50 μg/L (1.27 μg/L, 2.44 μg/L)] was higher than that in the mild infection group [0.53 μg/L (0.25 μg/L, 0.85 μg/L)] and the moderate infection group [0.90 μg/L (0.47 μg/L, 1.42 μg/L)], and differences were statistically significant ( Z = 36.167, 14.875; both P < 0.05). The preoperative PA level in the severe infection group [159.22 mg/L (141.61 mg/L, 191.79 mg/L)] was lower than that in the mild infection group [215.91 mg/L (195.21 mg/L, 239.90 mg/L)] and the moderate infection group [194.48 mg/L (178.40 mg/L, 207.60 mg/L)] ( Z = 35.955, 19.567, both P < 0.05). The levels of HBP and PCT before operation were positively correlated with the degree of infection ( r = 0.637, 0.485, both P < 0.01). The preoperative level of PA was negatively correlated with the degree of infection ( r = -0.576, P < 0.01). The preoperative single index detection showed that the maximum the area of the curve (AUC) of postoperative intracranial infection in patients with brain tumors predicted by PA was 0.808 (95% CI 0.741-0.874). The highest specificity of intracranial infection in patients with brain tumors predicted by HBP was 96.3%. The AUC of postoperative intracranial infection in patients with brain tumors predicted by the combination of the three tests was 0.892 (95% CI 0.839-0.944), which was greater than that predicted by other single indicators, and the sensitivity was the highest (86.3%). The AUC of postoperative intracranial infection in patients with brain tumors diagnosed by PCT at 12 h after surgery was maximum [0.804 (95% CI 0.734-0.874)] when predicted by other single indicators. The highest specificity of postoperative intracranial infection in patients with brain tumors diagnosed by HBP was 98.6%. The AUC of postoperative intracranial infection in patients with brain tumors diagnosed by the combination of the three tests was 0.895 (95% CI 0.840-0.950), which was greater than that diagnosed by other single indicators, and the highest sensitivity was 85.0%. Conclusion:The levels of HBP, PCT and PA can provide a reference for the early diagnosis of postoperative intracranial aseptic inflammation in patients with brain tumors. The combined diagnosis of HBP, PCT and PA can better diagnose the postoperative intracranial infection in patients with brain tumors.

Objective:Summarize the experience of the medical rescue team at the main landing site of China's manned space mission, analyze the new characteristics of the Shenzhou 12 space station mission, and take corresponding countermeasures and measures to ensure the strong medical rescue guarantee for astronauts.Methods:Search the publications about astronaut medical aid domestic and abroad, summarize the rescue and medical aid experiences from Shenzhou 5 to Shenzhou 11. In consideration of prolonged on-orbit time, Location adjustment of the landing site and the new characteristics of the complex terrain, new targeted strategies were presented.Results:The astronauts flew in orbit for 90 days, and the main landing site and launch site are in the same area. The medical security includes three parts: launch section, running section and return section. Desert rescue model were added. Ten injuries were simulated and each injury first-aid procedure was standardized.Conclusion:After targeted improvement and optimization, the Shenzhou 12 astronauts medical rescue support program ensures the safety of the whole process, all-weather and all-terrain emergency and rear delivery of the astronauts in the new mission environment and complex terrain.

Objective:To investigate the disease incidence of medical rescue teammates during medical security missions in the dry and hot areas of the Gobi Desert, and to explore its related influencing factors and solutions, so as to provide references for the establishment of a health maintenance system for medical rescue teammates in the Gobi Desert in summer.Methods:Fourteen medical rescue teammates during the medical support mission of the Shenzhou-12 spacecraft from May 2021 to June 2021 were selected as the research objects. A questionnaire survey was conducted and the data were analyzed.Results:During the mission, each teammate had suffered one or more kinds of diseases, mainly manifested in upper respiratory tract infection, dermatosis, systemic muscle soreness, diseases of ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology, digestive system diseases and sleep disorders, with incidences of 20.3%, 20.3%, 18.5%, 18.5%, 12.9%, and 9.2%, respectively. Training or accidental injuries were mainly manifested as hand trauma, foot friction blisters, recurrence of joint synovitis, joint soft tissue injury, and accidental head injury, with incidences of 31.2%, 25%, 75%, 18.7%, and 6.2%, respectively. The recurrence rate was high in patients who previously suffered synovitis. There was a high possibility of secondary injury in patients who were suffered joint soft tissue trauma before.Conclusions:The incidence of certain diseases is high during the medical rescue support mission in the Gobi Desert. During the mission, the teammates should pay good attention to self-protection at all times, carry out targeted prevention and scientific training, and avoid non-combat attrition.

Objective To investigate whether BPA and its substitutes BPAF,BPB,and BPS can induce lipid accumulation in hepato-cytes.Methods HL-7702 cells were treated with BPA,BPAF,BPB,or BPS for 24 h.Lipid droplet accumulation in cells was observed via oil red O staining,and triglyceride content was determined through the GPO-PAP chemical-enzymatic method.In addition,qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of triglyceride synthesis-related genes.Results Red lipid droplets of different sizes could be observed in the BPA,BPAF,BPB,and BPS groups.The intracellular triglyceride content increased significantly under 1 and 50 μmol/L BPA,10 and 50μmol/L BPAF,1,10,and 50μmol/L BPB,and 50μmol/L BPS.LIPIN2 mRNA expression level increased significantly under 10μmol/L BPAF,10μmol/L BPB,and 1 and 10μmol/L BPS.DGAT2 mRNA expression increased significantly under 50μmol/L BPA,10μmol/L BPAF,10 and 50μmol/L BPB,and 1μmol/L BPS.Conclusion BPAF,BPB,and BPS can increase intracellular triglyceride synthesis by upregulating LIPIN2 and DGAT2 mRNA expression,leading to intracellular fat accumulation and increased triglyceride con-tent in HL-7702 cells.

Objective:To understand the prevalence and genotype characteristics of enterovirus and Coxsackie virus in hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) patients in Qinghai province from 2015 to 2018.Methods:The throat swabs of HFMD patients were collected for virus isolation and RT-PCR in Qinghai province. The nucleotide sequence of the amplified products was determined and analyzed, and the gene evolution tree was constructed with reference to the sequence of some strains of NCBI.Results:From 2015 to 2018, 1 738 samples of clinical diagnosis positive cases were collected, including 326 EV-A71 cases, accounting for 18.76%, 237 CV-A16 cases, accounting for 13.64%, 628 CV-A6 cases, accounting for 36.13%. There were statistically significant differences among different genotypes in 4 years (EV-A71, χ2=245.315, P<0.001; CV-A16, χ2=27.680, P<0.001; CV-A6, χ2=702.713, P<0.001). A total of 317 cell culture isolates were obtained after isolation with RD cells. After sequence, DNA sequences of typical genotypes were selected for sequence analysis, from 2017 to 2018. The homology of all genotypes of VP1 was between 59% and 100%, the homology was 93% to 100% in 19 strains of EV-A71, the homology was 92% to 100% in 20 strains of CV-A16, the homology was 97% to 99% in 6 strains of CV-A6. According to the evolutionary tree, the sequences of EV-A71 strains are all on the C4a branch of the evolutionary tree in Qinghai province; 18 strains of CV-A16 were B1b and 2 stains were 1D; 5 strains of CV-A6 were D3 and 1 was B1. Conclusions:From 2015 to 2018, the prevalent genotypes of HFMD shifted from EV-A71 to CV-A16 and CV-A6 in Qinghai province, The EV-A71 genotype in Qinghai province has always been C4a genotype. There are different genotypes of CV-A16 and CV-A6. The nucleotide sequence differences between different genotypes are large, and the sequence variation among the same gene is small.