Chinese genuine regional herbs are a combination of nature resource and traditional knowledge. Although we can make it to be an intellectual property product through applying geographical indication or certification mark, the value realization of Chinese genuine regional herbs should be supported by the merchant capital. Meanwhile, the merchant capital also disturbs the reasonable market price of Chinese genuine regional herbs. We should combine the merchant capital with Chinese genuine regional herbs, apply permission for sale and set up a new professional cooperation mode to maintain the market credibility and reasonable price of Chinese genuine regional herbs.

TCM variety derived from classical or proved prescriptions and was improved through the innovation and development of clinical practices,controlling of medicinal raw material and producing process.The current protection system of TCM variety does not match the developing rule of TCM,in that there is no particular article to regulate traditional classical or proved prescriptions,self-made TCM preparations in hospitals,the genuineness of medicinal raw material and manufacturing techniques,and also lacks the relevant investment return mechanism.It was recommended of creating TCM protection category,protecting self-made TCM preparations in hospitals,regulating genuineness of medicinal raw material and establishing know-how protecting mechanisms,while protecting test data were suggested to be introduced for perfecting the protection system of TCM variety.

Patent legal system is a part of civil law,while protection system for the varieties of traditional Chinese medicines is involved in the market regulation law.Both of them emphasize on different aspects compiementarily in protecting traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with advantages and disadvantages.To meet the requirements of the development of TCM in the new era,protection scope of the protection system for varieties of traditional Chinese medicines should be promoted,examination system and elimination mechanisms should be improved through the inheritance and innovation of TCM,which may be conducive to protect rights and interests of TCM enterprises and improve the quality of varieties of traditional Chinese medicines.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the effective integration of standardization strategy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and intellectual property. METHODS:Through analyzing the conflict between standardization requirement of TCM and intellectual property system,the coordination between TCM standards and intellectual property especially the trade secret rights was explored. RESULTS:The information disclosure of TCM standards and intellectual property strategy especially protec-tion of TCM trade secrets faced confrontation and conflict in system and design. For the suggestions to solve it,one is to reconfirm the role and positioning of the government on the adaption of standardization in public law field;another is to establish coordina-tion principle of information disclosure and confidentiality in private law field,and achieve difference open and moderate open of information. CONCLUSIONS:The TCM standardization is not absolute,the pros and cons is the precondition to solve the conflict between the standardization strategy and trade secret system in TCM in terms of protection of information freedom and secret infor-mation.

Intellectual property protection is an indispensable management measure in the process of knowledge innovation in the National Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Clinical Research Bases. Longhua Hospital, a National TCM Clinical Research Base , has actively participated in studies and construction of TCM intellectual property policy , laws and regulations , and endeavored to enhance international research cooperation and broaden the international repercussions of TCM . Longhua Hospital made great efforts to strengthen management on intel-lectual property management team and measures, advocacy training, property rights formation and transactions. Intellectual property protection played an important role in the construction of the National TCM Clinical Re-search Base in Longhua Hospital .

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect and mechanism of low concentrations of p,p′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p′-DDT) on colorectal adenocarcinoma SW620 cell proliferation and apoptosis. METHODS SW620 cells were exposed to low concentrations of p, p′-DDT ranging from 1×10-12 to 1×10-6 mol.L-1 for 48 and 96 h. MTT assay was employed to examine the effect of p,p′-DDT on SW620 cell viability. Different cell stages of cycle and apoptosis rate were determined by flow cytometry after SW620 cells were exposed to 1×10-10 , 1×10-9 and 1×10-8 mol.L-1 for 96 h. Western blotting was used to determine the protein expression of Wnt/ β-catenin signaling components 〔β-catenin, phospho-β-catenin and phospho-glycogen synthase kinase ( GSK) 3β〕, their downstream target proteins ( c-Myc and cyclin D1)and apoptosis related proteins (Bcl-2, Bax, procaspase 8 and procaspase 3). RESULTS The viability of colorectal adenocarcinoma SW620 cells was significantly increased after exposure to low concentrations of p,p′-DDT ranging from 1×10-12 to 1×10-7 mol.L-1 for 96 h. p,p′-DDT 1×10-10 , 1×10-9 and 1×10-8 mol.L-1 exposure led to a decreased percentage of SW620 cells in G1 stage(P<0.01) along with an increased percentage of cells in S stage(P<0.01). Meanwhile, the apoptosis rate was signifi-cantly decreased compared with control group ( P < 0. 01). Exposure to p, p′-DDT from 1 × 10-10 to 1×10-8 mol.L-1 induced upregulation of phospho-GSK3β ( Ser9), β-catenin, c-Myc and cyclin D1 in SW620 cells( P <0.01). Moreover, apoptosis related proteins Bcl-2, procaspase 8 and procaspase 3 were unregulated(P<0.01), and Bax level and caspase 3 activity were decreased in p,p′-DDT-stimulated cells(P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Low concentrations of p, p′-DDT exposure activates Wnt/ β-catenin signaling and affects apoptosis-related proteins, which may be involved in p,p′-DDT-induced cell prolifer-ation as well as suppression of cell apoptosis in SW620 cells.

Objective To investigate the effect of osthole on the proliferation and apoptosis of breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and its potential mechanisms.Methods Breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was treated by osthole 0,25,50,100,150 and 200 μmol/L respectively.MTT method was used to detect cell survival rate.HE staining was used to observe morphological changes,Annexin V-PI flow cytometry was used to analyze cell apoptosis,and RT-PCR and Western blot method were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and farnesoid X receptor (FXR),respectively.Results MTT assay showed that strong cytotoxicity of cell line MCF-7 was induced after administration of osthole for 72 h in a dose-dependent manner.Especially,the maximum inhibitory rate,73.0 ％ appeared in the 200 μmol/L group.HE staining showed that the number of MCF-7 cells decreased,hyperchromatic nuclei and apoptotic bodies appeared after treatment with osthole for 72 h in a significant dose-effect manner.Flow cytometric analysis revealed that osthole could induce extensive apoptosis in MCF-7 cultures after treatment for 72 h compared with normal group (P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01).In particular,when the concentration of osthole reached 50 μmol/L,the proportion of early apoptotic cells was significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner (P ＜ 0.01),especially.The maximum apoptosis rate (46.2±9.0) ％ appeared in the 200 μmol/L group,which was consistent with the results obtained from MTT assays.Moreover,osthole could significantly increased PPARγand FXR mRNA and protein expressions (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion These data suggest that osthole could inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer MCF-7 cells and promote its apoptosis,which might be associated with the regulation of PPARγ and FXR-mediated target genes involved in cell growth and metabolism.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of combined acupuncture and psychological desensitization therapy for anxiety in those with heroin addiction.Methods:All 90 cases were randomly allocated into a treatment group (45 cases) and a control group (45 cases).Cases in the treatment group received 30 min of combined acupuncture and psychological desensitization therapy for each treatment,twice a week and 8 weeks in total,whereas cases in the control group received no treatment.After that,the anxiety score and state were observed.In addition,the mental state prior to and after cue-elicited heroin craving was evaluated.Results:The total and standard scores of anxiety in the treatment group were significantly reduced compared to the control group (P＜0.05),coupled with a significant reduction of heroin craving (P＜0.01).Conclusion:Combined acupuncture and psychological desensitization can alleviate anxiety and inhibit the short-term heroin craving.

Objective To observe the effect of catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor (COMTI) tolcapone on levodopa-treated patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and on the motor function fluctuation, and safety taking this drug.Methods50 PD patients treated with levodopa were divided into the trial group and control group with 25 cases in each group. The patients in the trial group were given tolcapone 100 mg three times per day. The cases in the control group were given placebo with the same dose. The hepatic function of the patients was examined every month after administration. The time variety of patients' motor function fluctuation was recorded by the diary. The time of clinical observation was 6 months.ResultsThe UPDRS scores of the trial group in the first and second months after taking tolcapone were not significantly different from that of the control group ( P>0.05), but scores of the third to sixth months were significantly different from that of the control group ( P<0.05～0.01). There was a significant difference between UPDRS scores of the trial group before and after treatment ( P<0.01～0.001). The Honhe-Yahr scores of the trial group in the first and second months after treatment were not significantly different from that before treatment ( P>0.05), but scores of the third to sixth months were significantly different from that before treatment ( P<0.05). The motor function fluctuation of the patients in the trial group improved significantly after treatment ( P<0.05). The numbers of the cases had dry mouth, nausea and astriction were 3 respectively; those had acratia, insomnia and diarrhea were 2 respectively; those had muscular soreness, abdominal distention, hidrosis and fidget were 1 respectively. All adverse effects had a little influence to administration. The hepatic function of all patients had no significant change.ConclusionTolcapone can increase the curative effect of PD patients treated with levodopa and improve the motor function fluctuation, and is safety after taken.

Objective: To investigate the changes in the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and let-7e in rats induced by coal mine dust, so as to provide the basis for the mechanism of coal worker's pneumoconiosis (CWP). Methods: Sixty-four clean and healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control group, coal dust group, mixed dust group (mixed coal and silica dust) and quartz group. The rats in the control group were exposed to 1 mL physiological saline by non-exposure tracheal perfusion, and the rats in the dust-exposed groups were exposed to 1 mL dust suspension. Rats were sacrificed by anesthesia after 1 month and 6 months, lung tissue was observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining, the pathological change in the lungs was scored using the Szapiel scoring system, the levels of IL-6 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the expression of let-7e was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Results: A month after exposure, a small amount of coal spots and inflammatory exudation were observed in the lung tissue of the coal dust group and the mixed dust group. The quartz group showed tissue structure destruction and mild fibrosis and thickening of alveolar septum. Six months after exposure, there were more coal spots and slightly thickened alveolar septum in the coal dust group, and hyperplasia of pulmonary interstitial fibers, destruction of alveolar structure and silica nodules were observed in the mixed dust group. In the quartz group, the alveolar structure was obviously destroyed, the interstitial fiber proliferation was significant and silica nodules were seen. Two-factor analysis of variance showed that the interaction between duration of exposure and dust type significantly influenced the pathological score of lung tissue, IL-6 levels, and let-7e expression levels (P<0.05). Under the same dust type, the pathological score of lung tissue and IL-6 levels were higher at 6 months after exposure than at 1 month, while the relative expression of let-7e was lower at 6 months after exposure than at 1 month (all P<0.05). Under the same duration of exposure, the pathological score of lung tissue and IL-6 levels were higher in the dust-exposed groups than in the control group, while the relative expression of let-7e was lower in the dust-exposed groups than in the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusions Coal dust can cause an increase in levels of IL-6 and a decrease in let-7e expression in rats. The type of dust and duration of exposure can interactively affect IL-6 and let-7e.