As an important link of practice teaching, the Fermentation Engineering and Equipment Course Design can play the connecting role between the preceding and the following in the practice teaching, and lay a good foundation for the students to work in the factory after graduation. The article shall exchange and discuss the teaching links, such as the status, opinion, contents and way of the course design.

In order to develop a technique which provides not only a route for continuous intravenous administration of drugs,but easy access for TPN support in unrestrained rats as well,we designed a fluid infusion swivel system with implanting and maintaining venous catheter in the superior vena cava of rats,and administered a long- term intravenous infusion in unrestrained rats. The results showed that the average period for which infusion was carried out was 1 0 days,and the infusion was maintained for up to 3week in some of rats.All animals appeared to tolerate infusion catheter without obvious discomfort and minimal restriction of their motion.Kinking and leakage did not occur anymore.We conclude thatthis technique can be readily utilized and has great potential value for studying problems related to surgical nutrition and metabolism.

MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) are a contemporary class of short non-coding RNAs,which play a critical role in diverse biological processes, including development, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis,by suppressing translation of protein coding genes, or cleaving target mRNAs of protein coding genes to induce their degradation. Accordingly, altered miRNA expression is likely to contribute to human disease, including cancer. This review will summarize the emerging knowledge of the association between human miRNA biology and different aspects of carcinogenesis, such as the development, metastesis and therapy strategies.

ObjectiveTo analyze the influencing factors of the blood pressure fluctuation during the perioperative period of pheochromocytoma,and discuss the ways to improve the hemodynamics.Methods The clinical data of patients with pheochromocytoma who had received operation from 2000 to 2010 werestudied retrospectively.The influencing factors of perioperative blood pressure fluctuation were analyzed by statistical methods including Pearson correlation analysis and Logistic regression.ResultsAccording to Pearson correlation analysis,the influencing factors of the highest fluctuation value of the systolic blood pressure ( △ SBP) during the operation included the preoperative highest systolic blood pressure (r =0.196,P =0.013 ),the content of preoperative 24-hour urine epinephrine ( r =0.207,P =0.008 ) and the lost blood volume during the operation (r =0.253,P=0.003).Logistic regression analysis showed that the postoperative persisting hypotension was influenced by the content of preoperative 24-hour urine norepinephrine(OR =1.273,P =0.002) and preoperative preparation duration(OR =0.921,P =0.034);the risk factors of postoperative hypertension were residual tumor (OR =16.920,P =0.001 ) and the preoperative hematocritchange(OR =1.467,P =0.018).ConclusionsIn spite of the adequate preoperative preparation,great changes of blood pressure would still occur during the perioperative period of pheochromocytoma,and it is influenced by many factors.Corresponding measures aiming to these factors should be taken to decrease the perioperative blood pressure fluctuation and surgical risks.

Osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is an important link of bone metabolism and bone repair, the mechanism of which is usually complicated. Recent studies have found that BMP, FGF, Wnt, Hedgehog, NELL1, IGF, Notch and othersignaling molecules are involved in the regulation of osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. These signaling molecules themselves have been shown to have a strong ability to promote osteogenic differentiation. They can activate the corresponding receptors by specific ligands, thus initiating the specific signal transduction pathways in the cell, and finally promote the transcription and translation of the genes related to bone formation. Furthermore, all the signaling pathways form a complex network which regulates and influences the osteogenic differentiation ofMSCs. Further researches on the mechanism of the interaction of these signaling pathways is of great significance in promoting the development of bone tissue engineering and the treatment of bone metabolic diseases.

Medical tourism has grown into a booming market worldwide,which however remains at a startup stage in China given its fast development in recent years.This paper probed into the present status of medical tourism at home and abroad,discussed key roadblocks to tackle for medical tourism,including government regulations,medical resources,international certification,promotions and marketing,language barriers,and visa.On such basis,the authors come up with the following recommendations:enhance policy support and complete the governance of medical tourism; tap resources of public hospitals and encourage private involvement; encourage international certification of medical institutions to explore overseas medical tourism; encourage tourist firms to develop medical tourim products and promoting medical tourism; build brands and complete product lines.

Objective To review the biologic characteristics and biologic effect of cholecystokinine (CCK) on the central nervous system. Methods The literatures of recent years on research advancement of cholecystokinine as neurotransmitters/peptides in signal transduction, neuron protection and pain management in the central nervous system are reviewed. Results CCK possesses the ability to suppress the convulsant effects of convulsants. CCK8 is able to reduce the neural damage caused and delay the neural aging. CCK antagonists play an important role in human pain transduction. Conclusion CCK has been proven to be one of the richest neurotransmitters/neuropeptides as well as an important signal factor in the brain, and its important biologic effect is being confirmed.

Objective To study the effects and mechanisms of major immune nutrients and to introduce the progresses of clinical applications about enteral immunonutrition.Methods The related literatures about the effects and clinical applications of enteral immunonutrition were reviewed.Results Infection rate can be reduced and the hospitalization can be shortened as a result of the improved nutritional status and immune competence of patients which can be enhanced by reasonable enteral immune nutrition.Most of the patients suffering from serious diseases can benefit from enteral immunonutrition,such as gastrointestinal cancers,post-transplantation complications,chronic liver disorders,acute pancreatitis and so on.However,as a new nutrition therapy,the clinical use of enteral immunonutrition in critically ill patients is still controversial.Conclusions Enteral immunonutrition plays an important role in the nutritional support of patients with serious diseases,such as gastrointestinal cancers,organ failures.However,much work remains to be done.

To investigate the role of rehabilitation therapy both on nutritional status and intestinal adaptation of patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS). Methods The literatures about rehabilitation therapy for SBS were reviewed. Results Intestinal rehabilitation refers to the process of restoring enteral autonomy, in order to get rid of parenteral nutrition, usually by means of dietary, medical, and surgical treatment. Recent researches showed that medication and the use of specific nutrients and growth factors could stimulate intestinal absorption and might be useful in the medical management of SBS. Conclusion Intestinal rehabilitation is of benefit in the treatment of SBS and would play a greater role in the future.

High intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU) technique for hyperthermia has been used widely due to its minimal invasion, high precision, less side-effects and low complication. It has been used in the treatment for prostate cancer, liver cancer, primary malignant osteosarcoma and breast cancer, et al. This paper mainly introduces the clinical application and development of HIFU.