BACKGROUND:Whole body vibration training, a recently developed method of neuromuscular training, is a useful method to improve muscle strength and postural control in the elderly. Recently, researchers attempt to explore whether whole body vibration training can reduce motor dysfunction for stroke patients.
OBJECTIVE:To summarize clinical progress in whole body vibration treatment on stroke patients with limb motor dysfunction, including muscle strength of the affected limbs, muscle tension, balance and gait.
METHODPubMed, EBSCO, Medline database were searched for articles relate to whole body vibration training intervention for stroke patients with motor dysfunction published from January 2002 to June 2014. Final y, 34 articles were included in result analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Whole body vibration training is feasible and safe for stroke patients has the feasibility and safety. For therapeutic efficacy, we focus on the muscle strength, muscle tone, balance, posture control ability, but there is no sufficient evidence to support that the whole body vibration training can improve the motor dysfunction. There is also no recognized standard on specific intervention protocols, such as vibration type, treatment frequency, treatment amplitude, treatment time. Many researchers aim to observe the clinical curative effect at present, but rarely explore the intervention mechanism of the whole body vibration. Further large-sample, multi-center randomized control ed experiments are required to test the validity.

Objective To investigate the effect of multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment including ex-utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure to improve the prenatal survival rate of fetus with neck mass.Methods Multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment model were carried out in four pregnancy women with fetal neck mass from September 2007 to February 2010.The model included prenatal assessment and monitoring,EXIT procedure during cesarean section,neonatal reassessment and surgical treatment by the cooperation of obstetricians,neonatologists,children surgeons,sonographers and anesthetists.Results All patients underwent cesarean section after 37gestational weeks.Mean delivery time was 37+4 weeks (37-38+3 weeks); mean birth weight was 2972 g (2600-3250 g); mean operation time was 4 min (2-7 min).The gestational age of primary diagnosis of fetal neck mass was 24-34 gestational weeks.After delivery,the size of neck mass was from 3.0 cm × 2.0 cm × 1.0 cm to 6.2 cm× 5.8 cm × 6.8 cm.The tracheal compression and displacement were found by color doppler ultrasound scan and magnetic resonance imaging in all cases.Two of them were completed with polyhydramnios and the others with normal volume of amniotic fluid.EXIT procedure was successfully carried out during cesarean section.Neonatal reassessment showed the trachea of three infants were obviously compressed and lapsed by enhanced CT; the infants relied on mechanical ventilation after birth and underwent operation on day 6 to 8.Tracheal impression was not presented in one infant and trachea cannula was removed on the second day,operation was not performed.All of those infants had good outcomes.Conclusions The multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment model,including EXIT procedure,is a safe,efficient and feasible strategy,which is necessary for fetus with neck mass.

Objective To observe the characteristics of the hypothalamus SCN Clock mRNA expression in mice under four timing points in a day and light condition and the effects of Wendan Tang (Gallbladder-Warming Decoction,WDT).Methods 160 male KMmice of 2 ～3 months were randomly divided into normal group (6:00—18:00 light),dark group (24 h dark),model group (24 h light),WDT group, and melatonin group(n =32 in each group).Zeitgeber time (ZT)and Circadian time (CT)were used to indicate natural light and dark timing points respectively At the last day of the 12 th week,8 mice from each group were randomly selected and sacrificed at natural light timing points of 6 a.m.(ZT0 /CT0), 12 (ZT6 /CT6),18 (ZT12 /CT12),and 24 (ZT18 /CT18).The concentration of melatonin in ser-um was measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The expression of SCN Clock mRNA in mouse hypothalamus was detected by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results Serum melatonin:The melatonin level at ZT18 of mice in the normal group was the highest (P<0.05)among all groups.Serum melatonin level in mice of the dark group at CT0 was lower than those at CT18 and CT12 (P <0.05).There were no differences in the melatonin levels between four timing points in mice of the model group (P >0.05).Serum melatonin levels in mice of the WDT group were lower at ZT0 and ZT6 than that at ZT18 (P <0.05)while these values at ZT0,ZT6 and ZT12 were lower than that at ZT18 in mice of the melatonin group (P <0.05).Expression of SCN Clock mRNA in mice hypothalamus:The expression of SCN Clock mRNA was lower at ZT18 than that at ZT6 (P <0.05).No differences were found at the four timing points in mice of the dark group (P >0.05).The expression levels in mice of the model group were lower at ZT0 and ZT12 compared with ZT18 (P <0.05);also lower at ZT0 and ZT12 compared with ZT 6 (P <0.05).The expression levels in mice of WDT and me-latonin groups at ZT18 were lower than those at ZT6 (P <0.05).Conclusion WDT is rich in melato-nin and could adjust biological clock rhythm disorder and reduction of melatonin due to continuous light.

The secondary motor cortex (M2) encodes choice-related information and plays an important role in cue-guided actions. M2 neurons innervate the dorsal striatum (DS), which also contributes to decision-making behavior, yet how M2 modulates signals in the DS to influence perceptual decision-making is unclear. Using mice performing a visual Go/No-Go task, we showed that inactivating M2 projections to the DS impaired performance by increasing the false alarm (FA) rate to the reward-irrelevant No-Go stimulus. The choice signal of M2 neurons correlated with behavioral performance, and the inactivation of M2 neurons projecting to the DS reduced the choice signal in the DS. By measuring and manipulating the responses of direct or indirect pathway striatal neurons defined by M2 inputs, we found that the indirect pathway neurons exhibited a shorter response latency to the No-Go stimulus, and inactivating their early responses increased the FA rate. These results demonstrate that the M2-to-DS pathway is crucial for suppressing inappropriate responses in perceptual decision behavior.
Mice ; Animals ; Motor Cortex ; Corpus Striatum/physiology* ; Neostriatum ; Neurons/physiology* ; Reaction Time