OBJECTIVE:To discuss the approach and role of clinical pharmacists' participating in clinical consultation. METHODS: The consultation data of clinical pharmacists' participating in clinical consultation from Feb. 2004 to Dec. 2007 including patients' basic condition,reasons for consultation,pathogens,past medication history,whether the consultative suggestions were adopted or not,feedback of patient's condition etc were analyzed. RESULTS: Clinical pharmacists participated in clinical consultation for 7 cases on the use of antibiotics in 2004,up to 123 cases in 2007. Of which,the patients from internal medicine department accounted for no less than 42.8%;the ratio of male to female was about 2:1. No significant differences were noted in age,peripheral hemogram and body temperature(P

Objective To investigate effect of pidotimod on TH1/TH2 balance and immune factor in patients with severe trauma.Methods 90 cases with severe chest trauma patients were randomly divided into two groups.45 cases in control group were treated by conventional anti-inflammatory treatment, 45 cases in experimental group on base of control group with pidotimod 800mg /times, 1 times daily.After treatment, the serum levels of IL-4, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-10, IL-17,IgM, IgA and IgG were compared.Results Compared with before treatment, indexes were improved(P<0.05). Compared with the control group, IL-4 level was lower, IFN-γlevel was higher, IFN-γ/IL-4 was higher(P<0.05).IL-2, IL-10, IL-17 level was higher(P<0.05).IgA, IgM, IgG level was higher(P<0.05).Conclusion Pidotimod can balance the TH1/TH2 in the patients with severe trauma, and adjust the serum levels of IgM, IgA and IgG,can be used in clinical application.

Objective To construct human acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) recombinant eu karyotic expression vector and transfect it into muscle satellite cells(MSCs) of rat,in purpose of further study the method to set up cell bank.Methods The aFGF gene was cloned from human total RNA which was obtained from human skeletal muscle tissue by RT-PCR method.Human interleukin 2 (IL-2) signal peptide sequence (SPS) was obtained by direct chemosynthesis method.Then aFGF and SPS were fused to obtain SPS-aFGF.Finally,directional cloning SPS-aFGF into pEGFP-N1,the recombinant (pEGFP-N1-SPS-aFGF) was obtained.The recombinant was confirmed by endonuclease digestion and DNA sequencing.MSCs were purified by difference-speed adherence method and were ideontified by immunofluorescence assay.The correct cells were divided into 3 groups:Experimental group (aFGF +N 1),control group (N 1),blank group (blank).All the groups were transfected by Lipofectamine 2000TM Reagent,and pEGFP-N1-SPS-aFGF,pEGFP-N1 were respectively added in experimental group and control group while blank group was added none plasmid.Fluorescence microscope was employed to detect transfection efficiency tendency along with time changes.The expression of target gene was detected by fluorescent quantitation PCR and Western blot.Results (1) The sequencing of pEGFP-N1-SPS-aFGF was completely correct and the outcome of endonuclease was equal to actual ban s-ize.(2)The expression of GFP in transfected cells were observed by fluorescencemicroscope and transfection efficiency reached the peak at 72 h.(3)Real-time fluorescent quantitation PCR proved strong aFGF mRNA expression in transfected cells (the average relative expression of experimental group was 1464.95)with aFGF gene,while it was detected a little in the other groups (the average relative expression of control group was 1.016 and blank group was 1.000) (P ＜ 0.05).Western blot also proved strong expression in Experimental group then the other two groups.Conclusion aFGF eukaryotic expression vector was successfully constructed and transfected into MSCs.This study may be expected to obtain some specific functions cells.

Objective To investigate the relationship between waist circumference and new-onset non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in non-obese patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods A total of 1 950 patients with diabetes mellitus, who determined fasting plasma glucose(FPG)≥7.0 mmol/L or who were using hypoglycemic drugs and FPG<7.0 mmol/L,and body mass index (BMI)< 25 kg/m2, was selected in this study using prospective cohort method. Patients were divided into five groups according to the baseline data of waist circumference, including waist circumference<78 cm (A group, n=387), 78 cm90 cm (E group, n=421). Multiple Logistic regression model was used to analyze influential factors of new-onset non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in non-obese patients with diabetes mellitus. Re?sults The average duration of follow-up was(47.24±5.13) months. The incidence rate was 11.85%(231/1 950) in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The incidence rates were 6.98%, 9.28%, 12.38%, 14.19%and 15.68%in A, B, C, D and E groups, and which were increased with the increased waist circumference (P<0.05). Results of multiple Logistic re?gression model analysis showed that compared with A group,OR values were 1.97 and 2.19 in D and E groups respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion Waist circumference≥85 cm was the risk factors of new-onset non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in non-obese patients with diabetes mellitus.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the effects of tanshinone IIA ( Tan IIA) on proliferation, apoptosis and its mo-lecular mechanism in human hepatoma HepG2 cells under hypoxic condition.METHODS:Hypoxia model was established by treatment with cobalt chloride ( CoCl2 ) .The cells were divided into normoxia control group, hypoxia control group and hypoxia combined at different concentrations of Tan IIA groups.After HepG2 cells were incubated with different concentra-tions of Tan IIA (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/L) for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h under hypoxic condition, the cell prolifer-ation was determined by MTT assay.After Tan IIA was added to the media at different concentrations for 24 h and 48 h, the apoptotic cells were observed by Hoechst 33258 staining.The protein levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) and wild-type P53 were detected by Western blotting after cultured with different concentrations of Tan IIA for 48 h.RESULTS:Tan IIA inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner.Tan IIA induced the typical morphology of apoptotic cells and increased the apoptotic rate in a dose-and time-dependent manner after treatment with 1.0 mg/L~5.0 mg/L for 24 h and 48 h under hypoxic condition. The protein levels of HIF-1αand VEGF were weakly expressed in HepG2 cells under normoxia but up-regulated after incu-bated under hypoxia for 48 h.The protein expression of HIF-1αand VEGF were decreased with the increase in the concen-tration of Tan IIA under hypoxia.The protein expression of wild-type P53 was increased with the increase in the concentra-tions of Tan IIA under hypoxia.CONCLUSION:Tan IIA significantly inhibits the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of human hepatoma HepG2 cells under hypoxia, which may be related to the down-regulation of HIF-1αand VEGF and up-regulation of wild-type P53.

Aim To investigate the mechanism of demethylation on adenosine (ADO )and homocysteine (HCY)-induced apoptosis in human hepatoma HepG2 cells .Methods HepG 2 cells were treated with differ-ent concentrations of ADO (1.0、2.0、4.0 mol · L-1 ) alone or in combination with HCY for 6h,12h and 24h,5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR)as a positive control.Cell viabilities were assessed by CCK8 assay. Cell apoptosis was observed by AnnexinV-FITC/PI staining.The mitochondrial membrane potentials(ΔΨ) were measured by flow cytometry.The mRNA and pro-tein expressions of caspase-3,caspase-8,caspase-9, MDM-2,p53,Cytochrome C,DNMT1,DNMT3a,DN-MT3 b were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot re-spectively.Results ADO alone or in combination with HCY significantly reduced the viability of HepG2 cells in a dose and time-dependent manner.The apoptotic rates of HepG2 cells after combination treatment with ADO and HCY at 1 .0,2.0,4.0 mol · L-1 for 24 h were (1 8.63 ± 1.25 )%,(29.42 ±2.37 )% and (42.47 ±3.09 )%,compared with the control group (1.30 ±0.82 )%,P <0.01;and the mitochondrial membrane potentials were decreased from 674.15 ± 82.8%(black control group)to (428.38 ±54.5)%, (297.78 ±30.5)%,(74.45 ±5.73)%,P<0.01, respectively.The expressions of caspase-3,caspase-8, caspase-9,MDM-2,p53,Cytochrome C were up-regula-ted and MDM-2 were down-regulated after combination treatment of ADO and HCY.The mRNA expressions of DNMT1 ,DNMT3 a and DNMT3 b were down-regulated after combination treatment with ADO and HCY or 5-Aza-CdR alone.Conclusion Combination treatment of ADO and HCY can cause cellular methylation chan-ges.The effects of demethylation of ADO and HCY may activate p53 gene and mitochondrial pathway, which at last leads to HepG2 cell apoptosis.

The heterogeneity and complexity of malaria involves political and natural environments, socioeconomic development, cross-border movement, and vector biology; factors that cannot be changed in a short time. This study aimed to assess the impact of economic growth and cross-border movement, toward elimination of malaria in Yunnan Province during its pre-elimination phase. Malaria data during 2011-2016 were extracted from 18 counties of Yunnan and from 7 villages, 11 displaced person camps of the Kachin Special Region II of Myanmar. Data of per-capita gross domestic product (GDP) were obtained from Yunnan Bureau of Statistics. Data were analyzed and mapped to determine spatiotemporal heterogeneity at county and village levels. There were a total 2,117 malaria cases with 85.2% imported cases; most imported cases came from Myanmar (78.5%). Along the demarcation line, malaria incidence rates in villages/camps in Myanmar were significantly higher than those of the neighboring villages in China. The spatial and temporal trends suggested that increasing per-capita GDP may have an indirect effect on the reduction of malaria cases when observed at macro level; however, malaria persists owing to complex, multi-faceted factors including poverty at individual level and cross-border movement of the workforce. In moving toward malaria elimination, despite economic growth, cooperative efforts with neighboring countries are critical to interrupt local transmission and prevent reintroduction of malaria via imported cases. Cross-border workers should be educated in preventive measures through effective behavior change communication, and investment is needed in active surveillance systems and novel diagnostic and treatment services during the elimination phase.

This paper describes the status and uses of the National Radiation Safety Management System of Nuclear Technology Utilization ( NRSMS) and the purpose and significance of radioactive source safety oversight informatization. The emphasis is on the analysis of the current status, the summary of accomplishments and the identification of potential problems. It concluded with providing possible suggestions about radioactive source safety oversight informatization in China for use as reference for the management of radioactive source safety in China.

Objective:To construct the pET30a-EgG1Y162-2 prokaryotic expression plasmid and induce the expression of EgG1Y162-2 protein, so as to provide a research basis for development of Echinococcus granulosus vaccine. Methods:Using Echinococcus granulosus cDNA as a template, the target gene of EgG1Y162-2 was synthesized by PCR, and after digestion with restriction enzymes EcoRⅠ and Hind Ⅲ, it was connected to the prokaryotic expression vector pET30a to construct the recombinant plasmid pET30a-EgG1Y162-2. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into competent cell BL21 (DE3) and induced by isopropyl β-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG) to express a large number of proteins. The recombinant protein was purified by affinity chromatography. The purification level was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and the expression product was identified by Western blotting. Results:The recombinant plasmid pET30a-EgG1Y162-2 was successfully constructed. After inducting expression, the bacterial supernatant and the eluate were both at a relative molecular weight of about 15 × 10 3, and the protein antigen component eluted with 200 mmol/L imidazole was relatively pure. Western blotting results showed that the purified recombinant protein EgG1Y162-2 with His tag could be recognized by His monoclonal antibody. Conclusion:The pET30a-EgG1Y162-2 prokaryotic expression plasmid of Echinococcus granulosus is successfully constructed, and the recombinant protein of EgG1Y162-2 is induced to express, laying a foundation for further study on anti- Echinococcus granulosus vaccine.

Coicis Semen is widely used as a raw material which can be used as both medicine and food among people. According to the ancient monographs on materia medica and relevant documents on the processing specifications in various provinces and cities, herba logical study on the historical evolution of the processing methods of Coicis Semen was conducted in this paper from the aspects of collecting and processing methods of Coicis Semen, the processing methods in the past dynasties and the nature, flavour and efficacy of Coicis Semen. The results showed that the processing methods of Coicis Semen recorded in monographs on materia medica mainly included stir-frying, glutinous rice stir-frying, salt processing(including salt cooking and salt stir-frying), stir-frying with the earth scraped from the wall facing east, and ginger juice stir-frying, etc. Among them, stir-frying, and stir-frying with the earth scraped from the wall facing east are still used nowadays. The bran stir-frying is the improved version of glutinous rice stir-frying in order to be adaptive to the modern-day situation and the needs of the present. In addition, the ancient shell removal and kernel keeping method are also included in the processing procedures in modern local processing specifications, which are combined with frying to form a new method named "Fazhi" processing( "Fazhi" means a processing method of multiple procedures). The 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia records that Coicis Semen is helpful to clear dampness and promote diuresis, strengthen the spleen and prevent diarrhea, eliminate impediment, discharge pus, resolve toxin and a mass, etc., which are consistent with those contained in ancient monographs on materia medica. After the "Fazhi" processing, the cold nature of Coicis Semen has been removed and its nature,flavour and meridian tropism have been changed, so its application scopes expanded. The results of this study clearly traced the history of the collecting and proces-sing of Coicis Semen, summarized the nature, flavour and efficacy of Coicis Semen contained in both ancient and modern literature, and provided a historical basis for the standardization of the subsequent processing technology of Coicis Semen, the clinical application of various processed products, and the further development and utilization of medicinal materials.
Coix ; Cooking ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Ginger ; Materia Medica ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Oryza