Objective To explore the current status and influencing factors of fall among the elderly in Niujie area of Beijing so as to provide evidences for prevention. Methods Based on the basic survey of fall in 1703 elderly people, the people were divided into intervention group and control group according to different habitation areas using cluster sampling method. The elderly people in intervention group of 874 were accepted intervention management for one year, including cognitive behavioral intervention, fall-inducing diseases intervention and intervention of elderly static and dynamic behaviors that affected the balance function, so as to help the elderly to master the relevantfactors of fall and preventive measures. Results The annual occurrence rate of fall was 11.7% (200/1703) and the fall injury incidence was 9.0% (152/1703). The prevalence of fall was increased with aging, and it was high in people with balance dysfunction. After one year intervention, the incidence of fall was decreased to 5.2%, while it was 7.6% in control group. Conclusions Cognitive behavior intervention can effectively prevent fall in the elderly, which has an important significance for improving the life quality of the elderly.

Human CD38, a type II glycoprotein, is widely expressed in kinds of tissues and cells. It has been shown to have a wide range of effects.The multifunctional cyclase function of CD38 effects on the regulation of osteoclasts activation, which maybe important in the therapy of osteoporosis.

Objective　To evaluate the diagnositic value of exercise stress echocardiography (ESE) in patients with pacemaker-dependnet.Methods　Forty-six patients remained pacemaker dependent with a fixed heart rate throughout ESE and coronary angiographic studies.Results　Thirty-four of 46 patients completed the ESE. Coronary artery disease was confirmed in 28 of 34 who had coronary angiograms. ESE had a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 83% in pacemaker-dependent patients.Conclusions　ESE has preserved diagnostic utility in pacemaker dependent patients with absolute chronotropic incompetence.

In the span of the interactions between cells and biomaterials, cell adhesion is the first biological behavior which has important effects on the following biological behaviors including cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation. So how to improve cell adhesion of biomaterials has become an important subject of tissue engi- neering. One of the popular methods is the surface modification of biomaterials. This article reviews the development of the research on the surface modification of biomaterials for improving cell adhesion.

[Summary] Lumbar disc herniation is rare in juveniles , which makes it more difficult to diagnose and treat .The prevalence , causes and risk factors , pathological changes , clinical characteristics , main treatment methods , and curative effects of lumbar disc herniation in juveniles were summarized in this review , for benefiting clinical diagnosis and treatment .

BACKGROUND:Traditional open surgical transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion often needs a broader dissection of the paraspinal soft tissue and longer stretch time of soft tissue, induces greater surgical trauma and more blood loss. Minimal y invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) may reduce or avoid these shortcomings. However, MIS-TLIF technique needs a process of learning curve. Correctly understanding the MIS-TLIF technique and dealing with their associated complications, have an important clinical significance. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the MIS-TLIF complications for treatment of lumbar disease, and explore the prevention and treatment strategies. METHODS:Between May 2008 and May 2012, 100 patients with lumbar disease were treated using MIS-TLIF. Al of patients had typical low back pain combined with leg pain, and were ineffective by conservative treatment for 6 months. There were lumbar spinal stenosis syndrome in 42 cases, lumbar spondylolisthesis in 31 cases, and lumbar disc herniation with lateral recess stenosis in 27 cases. The operative levels included L 3/4 in 2 patients, L 4/5 in 28 patients, L 5/S 1 in 50 patients, L 3-L 5 in 2 patients, and L 4-S 1 in 18 patients. The intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:One patient appeared extradural hemorrhage 1 000 mL and was given blood transfusion, no complications were found. Pedicle screw malposition was found in 11 pedicle screws (11/435, 2.5%). Only one patient had new L 5 radicular pain due to impingement by the tip of a bicortical S 1 screw upon the lumbosacral trunk anterior to the sacrum. This screw was re-positioned at a subsequent procedure, with resolution of the radicular pain. Interbody cage malposition was found in 2 patients with 2 cages (2/120, 1.7%) after operations, they showed no clinical symptoms and were not treated. One patient with one cage (1/120, 0.8%) appeared cage displacement during fol ow-up, which required twice revision surgeries, one is cage re-position and the other is posterior interbody fusion. Within one month after operations, two patients had poor visualization in the right pulmonary arteriography, which was diagnosed as pulmonary embolism and was treated with thrombectomy and thrombolysis. No death and other consequence were found. Experimental findings indicate hat, MIS-TLIF is a safe, reliable and effective surgery for treating lumbar diseases, with few complications.

Objective:To explore auxiliary therapeutic effect of exercise intervention on hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus (DM) .Methods :A total of 456 patients with hypertension and/or DM from community were selected and randomly equally divided into intervention group (n=228 ,wore exercise amount monitor ,and lifestyle disease inte‐grated control software was used to monitor exercise ,and unique person provided quantitative exercise guidance for them for three months and they were followed up for eight times ) and control group (n=228 ,did routine activity as usual) .Body weight ,BMI ,waist circumference (WC) ,blood pressure ,blood sugar ,blood lipid etc .and exercise a‐mount were measured and compared between two groups before and after intervention .Results:Compared with be‐fore intervention ,there were no significant changes in all above indexes in control group after intervention , P>0.05 all;there were significant reductions in body weight ,BMI ,WC ,blood pressure ,blood sugar ,blood lipid etc . in intervention group after intervention ( P< 0.01 all) .After intervention ,compared with control group , there were significant reductions in body weight [ (68.28 ± 8.43) kg vs . (65.93 ± 10.43) kg] ,blood pressure [ (124.32 ± 13.70 /77.81 ± 8.22) mmHg vs . (120.94 ± 8.35 /74.58 ± 5.76) mmHg] ,HbA1c [ (7.12 ± 1.53) mmol/L vs . (6.73 ± 1.04) mmol/L] ,LDL‐C [ (2.72 ± 0.40) mmol/L vs . (2.46 ± 0.67) mmol/L] ,and significant rose in total exercise amount [ (537.85 ± 338.63) kcal vs .(637.15 ± 447.65) kcal] ,effective exercise amount [ (229.46 ± 239.04) kcal vs . (323.56 ± 257.84) kcal] in intervention group ,P<0.01 all .Conclusion:Exercise can improve ex‐ercise capacity ,reduce blood pressure ,blood sugar ,blood lipid levels ,is help to disease control and quality of life improvement in patients with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus .

Objective To determine the intestinal absorption characters of zingerone in rats.Methods The concentration of zingerone in the intestine perfusate was determined by HPLC.The absorption kinetics were obtained by the in-situ perfusion method in rats.Results The absorption rate constants(Ka) of zingerone were 0.0137,0.0135 and 0.0139 min-1 at the concentration of 25.0,50.0 and 100.0 ?g?mL-1,respectively;Ka of zingerone in the duodenum,jejunum,ileum and colon were 0.0070,0.0031,0.0032 and 0.0026 min-1,respectively.Conclusion Concentration of zingerone has no significant effect on its absorption kinetics.The best absorption segment of the intestine was duodenum,ileum,jejunum and colon by turns.The intestinal absorption of zingerone has the first-order kinetic characters with passive diffusion mechanism.

Objective To study the clinical application of posterior approach microendoscopy in the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis. Methods One hundred and forty-two cases of degenerate lumbar spinal stenosis were treated by posterior approach limited decompression, total or semi laminectomy and decompression, or fenestration decompression from February 2000 to December 2001. Results Out of the 142 cases, posterior approach microendoscopic limited decompression was completed in 87 cases with full decompression obtained.Follow-up for a mean of 18 months in 82 cases revealed a rate of excellent-and-good of 92.7% (58 cases, excellent; 18 cases, good).No complications occurred. Conclusions Degenerate lumbar spinal stenosis, resulted from simple lumbar intervertebral disc herniation, hypertrophy of ligamentum flavumcan, and facet hypertrophy, can be effectively treated by posterior approach microendoscopic limited decompression. Proper selection of patients, full decompression and experienced operative skills are the key to satisfactory surgical results.

OBJECTIVE To demonstrate a rare case of hepatic abscess caused by amebiasis and to discuss the reason of misdiagnosis.METHODS A fifty years old male patient with amebic liver abscess,misdiagnosed as hepatic(carcinoma),was studied.RESULTS The patient with a huge hepatic mass lesion was misdiagnosed as hepatic(carcinoma) and received interventional therapy four times within 13 months.Amebae were found in the(aspiration) of the lesion and in patient′s sputum.The temperature of the patient returned to normal range after(antibiotics) and anti-amebic therapy.CONCLUSIONS Amebic abscess is a clinically rare encountered pathology now.When to make the diagnosis,hepatic carcinoma should be carefully considered and differentiated.