Cerebral ischemia and the aftermath of reperfusion form a hypoxic/hyperoxic sequence of events that can trigger DNA damage in neurons of central nervous system. Neuronal apoptosis will happen without immediate DNA repair. APE/Ref-1 is a multifunctional protein involoved in DNA base excision repair pathway and in redox reguiation of DNA-binding activity of AP-1 family members, which may play an important role in protection of postischemic neuronal damage.

Objective To analyze the descending trend of maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and its related influencing factors in order to improve the descending speed of MMR. Methods The influencial factor analysis and u test were made on data collected from 232 rural counties of eight provinces in China. Results MMR had shown remarkable reduction from 1995 to 2000, a drop by 51.33%. However, there was still a gap if compared with the ratio of the whole country. Major causes influencing the descending speed of MMR include the high speed of economic development, more expenditure of health, quality of maternal service, such as the ratio of hospital delivery, cleaning delivery, prenatal and postnatal health care. Conclusion In order to accelerate the descending speed of MMR, attempts to increase the improvement speed of maternal health care, quality of maternal service and more expenditure of health should be made.

The special trichrome stain and immunocytochemical stain were used to show neurites, Schwann's cells in cultured pe-ripheral nerve tissue. The dorsal root ganglia(DRG) of rat were cultured on polypyrrole membrane for 2 weeks. Then, the cul-tured speciments were stained by special stain, which was composed of hematoxylin, fast green FCF. ehromotrope 2R and phos-photungstic acid; or by immunocytochemical stain with anti-S-100 protein and anti-neurofilament antibodies. In the specialtrichrome stained specimen the long processes from DRG were stained aquamarine blue; part of the cell nuclei on the processes orpolypyrrole membrane were stained red or purplish red, and the cytoplasm ashen. We testified that the long processes from DRGwere neurites and the cells which were purplish red nuclei and ashen cytoplasm were Schwann's cells in immunocytochemicalstain. The special staining could differentiate neurites and Schwann's cells in cultured peripheral nerve tissue.

PurposeSmart neuro attenuation correlation (SNAC) is a new method of calculated attention correction. This paper aims to evaluate the impact of SNAC on the quality and standardized uptake value of brain imaging with PET/CT.Materials and Methods Fifty-eight patients who underwent systematic scan with18F-FDG PET/CT were analyzed retrospectively. CT attenuation correlation (CTAC) and SNAC brain PET images were reconstructed respectively. All images were analyzed by visual assessment and Scenium software and the results of the two methods were compared with regard to image contrast, homogeneity and mean SUV at different cerebral regions. Moreover, the correlation of the mean SUV of the two methods was further analyzed.Results There was no significant visual difference of contrast and uniformity between SNAC and CTAC. The Scenium analysis shows that the contrast of SNAC images were slightly higher than that of CTAC, but the difference were not statistically significant (4.19±1.11vs. 4.08±1.03,t=0.764,P>0.05). The uniformity of SNAC images were slightly lower than that of CTAC (1.00vs. 0.83). The mean SUV at various brain regions measured by SNAC was greater than that by CTAC, but both were significantly correlated (r=0.978,P<0.01), and the linear regression analysis also demonstrated that the results were consistent (R2=0.959). Compared with that measured by CTAC, the average percentage difference of SUV measured by SNAC was 8.45±4.71, but it varied greatly at 10 brain regions (-8.56-27.93). The analysis of variance presented significant differences in the average percentage difference of SUV at different brain regions (F=119.084,P<0.01), while the average percentage difference at the outer slices was greater than that at the central slices. Conclusion No significant difference exists in image quality between SNAC and CTAC. Although the mean SUV at different brain regions measured by SNAC may increase by various degrees, it is significantly associated with the results measured by CTAC. Moreover, SNAC simplifies the process of examination and reduces radiation dose, which is beneficial to patients as a qualitative method.

Objective To observe the effects of Dengzhan Shengmai capsule on β-amyloid protein (Aβ) deposition in the brain and learning and memory function in renovascular hypertensive rats (RHRSP).Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (5 rats per group):normal group,shamoperated group,hypertension with Dengzhan Shengmai capsule treatment group and hypertension with normal saline (NS) treatment group.Renovascular hypertensive models were created by clipping two-kidney.Dengzhan Shengmai capsules were dissolved in sterile 0.9％ NS and were administered (20 mg · kg-1 per day) by daily gavage for 4 weeks.In the NS group,hypertensive rats were given saline in the same volume.Immunofluorescent labeling and western blot were used to detect the expression of Aβ,NF-κB,IL-1β,TNF-α in the brain,respectively.Learning and memory function were detected by Morris water maze.Results RHRSP significantly increased Aβ deposition in the cerebral cortex and impaired memory function in rats.Dengzhan Shengmai capsule treatment significantly lowered the blood pressure compared with NS treatment((157.45±11.58) mmHgvs (197.76±10.12) mmHg).In addition,the levels of Aβ,NF-κB p65,IL-1β,TNF-α protein were significantly reduced,by Dengzhan Shengmai caspule treatment.The escape latency was shortened((24.64±4.57) s vs (37.17±3.87)s),while the frequency of passing through the platform quadrant(5.39±0.12 vs 3.05±0.28) and the dwell time((27.34±3.67) s vs (16.83±5.76)s) (all P＜0.01) in the platform quadrant were significantly increased by Dengzhan Shengmai capsule treatment.Conclusions Dengzhan Shengmai capsule may reduce Aβ deposition in brain and improve learning and memory function by anti-inflammatory effects in RHRSP.

Objective To observe the effects of Yushen Heji on expressions of Heme Oxygenase (HO-1) and HO-2 in kidney of diabetic rats;To explore its mechanism in diabetic nephropathy. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, control group and treatment group. Models were duplicated by subcutaneous injection STZ. Control group and treatment group were given gavage with related medicine, while normal group and model group were given gavage with the same amount of distilled water. Eight weeks later, the urine of rats was collected to detect the 24 h Upro and Ucr;the rats were sacrificed to detect the levels of CO, BUN and Scr;the kidneys were harvested for observing the expressions of HO-1 and HO-2 by immunohistochemistry.Results Compared with normal group, the contents of BUN, 24 h Upro and Scr all increased in model group;Ccr and plasma CO decreased;the expressions of HO-1 and HO-2 in kidney tissues were obviously reduced (P<0.01). Compared with model group, the contents of BUN, 24 h Upro and Scr all obviously decreased in treatment group and control group;Ccr and plasma CO increased;the expressions of HO-1 and HO-2 in kidney tissues obviously increased (P<0.05,P<0.01). Compared with control group, the contents of 24 h Upro decreased in treatment group;plasma CO increased;the expressions of HO-1 and HO-2 in kidney tissues obviously increased (P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion Yushen Heji has therapeutic effect on diabetic nephropathy rats, which may related with HO/CO system.

In this article,from the view of the cognitive structure,we talk about the role of transfer of learning in medical innovative education,and propose the strategies on how to increase the positive transfer of learning through the rational organization of teaching contents,improved teaching methods,highlighting the dominant status of student to raise innovative talents.

Objective To discuss a new effective method for treatment of chronic subdural hematoma in elderly patients. Methods Flush operation for elderly patients with chronic subdural hematoma(CSDH) by neuroendoscopy through burrhole approach were performed in 37 elderly patients. The mean age of the group was 68.5 years (60-86 years). 5 cases were recurrent after simple drainage. Thoroughly flushs the hematoma cavity under television monitor, removes the clot, coagulates the bleeding focus, break the septum of hematoma cavity to make it communicate with the normal subdural space. Results On following up 2-18 months, all the hematoma disappeared, 34 cases improved in clinic manifestation, no serious complications and death occurred. Conclusions Flush operation for elderly patients with chronic subdural hematoma by flexible neuroendoscopy through burrhole approach can improve the therapeutic effect and avoid the recurrence and the complilcations of the traditional drainage therapy.

Objective To evaluate the clinical classification and timing of surgery in the treatment of gallstone acute pancreatitis(GAP). Method The clinical data of 109 patients with GAP admitted to the Department of General Surgery of our hospital were retrospectively analysed. Result and Conclusion Based on the analysis of the treatment methods and its outcome, GAP should be divided into four types according to ampullary obstruction and severity of acute pancreatitis. (1)Non-obstructive mild type GAP was treated mainly in conservative way.(2)Obstructive mild type GAP could be treated conservatively for 36 hours after onset. If the obstruction did not resolve, surgery should be done. (3)Obstructive severe type GAP was treated mainly in conservative way, and the timing of surgery depends on whether necrosis complicated with infection. (4)Obstructive severe type GAP: EST should be done first. If EST is not convenient to be done, an early surgery should be done after short period of supportive therapy. Special attention should be paid to, if suppurative cholecystitis or cholangitis presented, an emergency surgery should be done. Finally, for all the GAP treated by conservative treatment, an elective surgery should be performed to resolve the biliary disease.

Objective\ Clone and sequence choriocarcinoma related gene T26. Method\ Choriocarcinoma related gene T26 was ligated into PGEM\|T vector using T\|A clone method.PGEM\|T\|T26 was digested with EcoRⅠ and sequenced,comparing the T26 sequence with GenBank. Results\ The sequence of choriocarcinoma related gene band T26 showed more than 99% identity with the 3' end of human scar,rps4 and ccg2 genes. Conclusion\ The gene T26 besides scar,rps4 and ccg2 genes were related with the oncogenesis of choriocarcinoma. [