Objective To assess the value of serum creatinine(Scr),serum ?_2-microglobulin(?_2-MG),glomerular filtration rate(GFR),proteinuria index,and Cystatin C(Cys C)to detect impairing of expressing of diease in patients with chronic kidney disease.Methods Peripheral blood was collected from 54 chronic kidney diease:Scr was analyzed using RXL fully automated biochemistry assay instrument,then GFR was calculated;Cys C was measured using particle-enhanced nephelometric immunoassay(PENIA);?_2-MG was measured using chemiluminescent method,proteinuria index was measured by the product of duration and amount of proteinuria,nephropathological progress was measured using the degree of glomerular mesangial proliferation and the dgree of tubulointerstitial fibrosis.Results The level of serum Cys C,Scr,serum ?_2-MG,proteinuria index,and GFR of the CKD patients was correlated with nephropathological progressing.Conclusion In patients with chronic kidney disease serum creatinine,serum ?_2-micro-globulin,glomerular filtration rate,proteinuria index,and Cystatin C are markers of progessing of kidney disease.The sensitivity and correlation of GFR and serum Cys C are higher than others.

Data were analyzed from self-filled questionnaires for the students who took the elective course of general practice in China Medical University. 95.5% of students thought it was necessary to study general practice in the college. 0-10 was used to score the degree of how they want to choose general practice as a career, the median was 0 before they had the class and the median was 5 after the class (Wilcoxon rank test, P<0.01). But there were still some places need to be improved in terms of curriculum design, teaching methods and community practice. The General Practice teaching need to be innovated and the teaching mode should be different from the traditional one.

Objective\ Clone and sequence choriocarcinoma related gene T26. Method\ Choriocarcinoma related gene T26 was ligated into PGEM\|T vector using T\|A clone method.PGEM\|T\|T26 was digested with EcoRⅠ and sequenced,comparing the T26 sequence with GenBank. Results\ The sequence of choriocarcinoma related gene band T26 showed more than 99% identity with the 3' end of human scar,rps4 and ccg2 genes. Conclusion\ The gene T26 besides scar,rps4 and ccg2 genes were related with the oncogenesis of choriocarcinoma. [

Objective To explore the relationship of plasma salusin-? level with the stability,severity,and other risks of coronary atherosclerosis.Methods The patient group included 122 hospitalized patients with coronary artery disease(CAD),whose diagnoses were confirmed by coronary angiography(CAG).The CAD group was further divided into subgroups according to the clinical types,the number of diseased coronary branches,and Gensini's scores.Control group inlcuded 60 healthy subjects who underwent physical examination in our hospital.Salusin-? level and other general biochemical indicators were determined,and the general clinical data were obtained before CAG in all subjects.Results The peripheral blood salusin-? level in CAD patients was significantly lower than that in the controls([0.50?0.18]ng/ml vs [0.69?0.23 ng/ml],P

Objective To study the effect of different dialysis modalities on pruritus in elderly maintenance hemodialysis patients.Methods Totally 51 patients were randomly divided into hemoperfusion combined with hemodialysis group (HD+ HP),hemodiafiltration group (HDF) and hemodialysis group (HD).Plasma β2-microglobulin(β2-MG) and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) were measured by means of radio immunoassay at pre and post dialysis,4 weeks and 8 weeks after dialysis,cutaneous pruritus was scored.The remission rate of itching was calculated at 8 weeks after dialysis.The parameters were compared among different groups.Results The level of plasma β2-MG was lower in HD+HP group after dialysis than pre dialysis [(13.48±3.05)mg/L vs.(16.27±4.73) mg/L,t＝2.044,P＜0.05],at 4 weeks and 8 weeks after dialysis,its levels were decreased to (10.97±3.25)mg/L(t＝3.808,P＝0.002)and (6.47±2.35)mg/L(t＝7.650,P＝0.000),respectively.The levels of iPTH were also found decrease from(887.5 ± 242.7)ng/L to (688.3 ±223.4)ng/L(t＝3.384,P＝0.004)at 4 weeks and (467.2±102.5) ng/L(t＝6.578,P＝0.000) at 8weeks after dialysis in HD+HP group (all P＜0.01).There were differences of the levels of plasma β2-MG and iPTH at 4 weeks and 8 weeks after dialysis in HDF group (all P＜ 0.05),but no differences of the levels of plasma β2-MG and iPTH during every period were found in HD group(all P＞0.05).The scores of cutaneous pruritus were decreased from (21.17± 5.01) scores to (13.37±2.85) scores(t＝ 5.580,P＝0.000)at 4 weeks and (8.52±4.38) scores(t＝7.838,P＝0.000)at 8 weeks after dialysis in HD+ HP group,and also the scores at 4 and 8 weeks after dialysis in HDF group (all P＜0.01),but there were no significant differences of the scores during every period in HD group (all P＞0.05).The remission rate of itching was better in HD+ HP group than in HDF group [88.24％ (15/17 cases) vs.58.82％ (10/17 cases),x2＝14.44,P＝0.000],better in HDF group than in HD group 23.53％ (4/17 cases) (x2 ＝4.37,P＝0.037).Conclusions HD+HP is superior to HDF in efficiently clear β2-MG and iPTH,and relief cutaneous pruritus,but HD can poorly clear β2-MG and iPTH or relief itching.

Objective To assess the efficacy of fish oil in the treatment of IgA nephropathy using the method of Meta-analysis. Methods Randomized controlled trials of fish oil in the treatment of IgA nephropathy were searched in the database of Cochrane library,PubMed, EMBASE and CNKI. Data extracted from the literatures were analyzed with Revman software (version 5.0). Results In comparison with the controlled group, proteinuria in the fish oil group was significantly decreased [SMD=-0.27, 95%CI (-0.52 to -0.03), P=0.03], while the renal function deteriorated [SMD=0.30,95%CI(0.05 to 0.55), P=0.02]. Conclusion Fish oil can decrease the proteinuria of IgA nephropathy, but can not prevent renal function from deterioration.

One hundred and forty-four medical students were enrolled in the study, the participants were randomly divided into experimental group and control group with 72 in each. All students attended the theoretical lecture of general medicine. Students in experimental group took part in the extracurricular teaching activities including the nutritional course and practice, the clinical case study and problem based learning ( PBL), students in control group did not have the extracurricular activities. The results showed that although there was no difference in general testing scores between two groups, the problem solving ability and assay-writing ability of experimental group were significantly higher than those of control group.

Objective To separate NK cells of mice from NK cell separation medium and study inhibitory effect of proliferated NK cell induced by low dose radiation on the leukemia model of K562 cells.Methods Flow cytometry and 3H-TdR methods were respectively used to measure proliferation index and activity of NK cells treated with low-dose radiation( which means exposure dose in 20 cGy low LET beam or 5 cGy high LET beam).CD13 + cells were measured by flow cytometry and TNF-α content in blood-serum was detected by ELISA.In vivo,peripheral blood leucocyte count,index of liver,indexes of spleen and kidney were observed in control group and experimental group.Results The purity of NK cell separation was (82.54 ± 0.18)%.The proliferation index of NK cells at 24 hours after 80 mGy irradiated was 36.31 ± 1.32% ,(t =24.69,P ＜0.05).Killing activity of NK cell induced by low dose radiation to K562 cell was (12.59±0.63)%(t=6.63,P＜0.05)and the inhibition ratio was 29.52%.Conclusion The injection of proliferated NK cell induced by low dose radiation demonstrated significant inhibitory effect on the growth of leukemia nude mouse.

Objective To investigate the effect of valproic acid (VPA) on NKG2D-ligand expression in ARK,OPM2 human myeloma cell lines and their sensitization to natural killer (NK) cell-mediated Killing.Methods Different concentrations of VPA from 0-5.0 mmol/L were used to treat ARK,OPM2 cells respectively,then the cell viabilities were tested by flow cytometry (FCM).Real-time quantitative-PCR and FCM were used to detect the changes in mRNA,protein levels of NKG2D-ligand respectively in the two cell lines treated with 1 mmol/L VPA for 48 hours.The calcein-release-assay (CARE-LASS) was carried out to detect cytotoxic changes of NK cells against mydoma cells after VPA treatment.Results VPA induced the expression of MICA/B,ULBP2 (P ＜ 0.05) and in turn enhanced the NK cytotoxicity on myeloma cells.The enhancing effect of VPA was blocked by NK cells pretreated with anti-NKG2D mAb (P ＜ 0.05).The primary mechanism of NK cell killing of myeloma cells was perforin/granzyme-mediated.Conclusion VPA can induce the expression of MICA/B,ULBP2 in ARK,OPM2 cells,thereby enhancing the cytotoxicity against myeloma cells,which implies a new mechanism of anticancer approach and may be a new approach in myeloma immunotherapy.

Objective To investigate the incidence and major risk factors of preterm birth in urban hospitals in China so as to provide evidence for effective interventions to reduce preterm birth.Methods Postpartum women delivered between 22 and 37 weeks of gestation were selected from 15 urban hospitals in Beijing,and Guangdong,Hu'nan,Hubei,Sichuan and Shaan'xi Province.Between April 2012 and March 2013,data of 10 days were collected every 3 months.Questionnaire was obtained under informed consent from 9 143 cases,including 958 cases of preterm birth and 8 185 cases of term birth.Demographics,history of pregnancy,prenatal care,and incidences of complication and/or comorbidities,lifestyle and dietary habit during pregnancy were included in the questionnaire.Chi-square test for univariate analysis and logistic regression multivariate analysis were used for statistics.Results The incidence ofpreterm birth was 9.9％(10 986/111 095) in the 15 hospitals.Among the 958 preterm birth cases,2.3％(22/958) were in gestational weeks ＜28,22.7％(217/958) in ≥ 28-＜34 gestational weeks,and 75.1％(719/958) in ≥ 34-＜37 gestational weeks.Univariate analysis showed that the influencing factors related to preterm birth included(preterm birth groups vs term birth group):maternal age ＞40 years or ＜18 years[1.6％(15/958) vs 1.2％(100/8 185),0.6％(6/958) vs 0.1％(7/8 185),22=18.515,P=0.000],ethnic Han [97.7％(919/941) vs 96.3％(7 811/8 115),22=4.819,P=0.028],less educated (lower than junior middle school) [27.1％(257/950) vs 14.9％(1 215/8 132),22=91.879,P=0.000],unmarried status[2.8％(27/955) vs 1.3％(110/8 154),22=12.609,P=0.000],family income ＜5 000 yuan(RMB)/ month [40.5％(380/939) vs 30.8％(2 479/8 060),22=40.457,P=0.000],being preterm born [14.2％(134/942) vs 2.6％(211/8 099),22=349.801,P=0.000],adverse obstetric history [12.9％(72/958) vs 8.5％(346/8 185),22=12.009,P=0.001],previous preterm delivery [50.0％(36/72) vs 17.1％(59/346),x2=36.840,P=0.000],fetal malformation history[4.2％(3/72) vs 18.8％(65/346),22=9.351,P=0.002],reproductive technology assisted conception [7.7％(72/930) vs 2.1％(172/8 037),x22=98.816,P=0.000],antenatal visits ＜5 times [21.0％(195/930) vs 12.0％(966/8 037),22=68.634,P=0.000],second hand smoking [24.5％(235/958) vs 19.6％(1 603/8 185),x2=13.573,P=0.000],unpleasant events during pregnancy [27.6％(264/958) vs 22.0％(1 802/8 185),x2=15.213,P=0.000],folic acid supplementation before and during pregnancy [before pregnancy:39.1％(375/958) vs 49.0％(4 007/8 185);during pregnancy:61.2％(586/958) vs 67.0％(5 485/8 185),x2=31.842,11.667,P=0.000,0.001],multivitamin supplementation during pregnancy [43.4％(416/958) vs 48.1％(3 937/8 185),x2=7.393,P=0.007],and pregnant complications,including anemia,premature rupture of membranes,intrauterine infection,pregnancy complication heart diseases,oligohydramnios,placental abruption,placental previa,fetal distress,multiple gestation,etc [59.9％(574/958) vs 38.9％(3 184/8 185),x2=156.47l,P=0.000].Logistic regression multivariate analysis showed that the following factors were significantly associated with preterm birth:antenatal visits ＜5 times (OR=1.916,95％CI:1.060-3.462),intrauterine infection (OR=5.441,95％CI:1.723-17.176),severe preeclampsia during pregnancy (OR=11.220,95％CI:1.041-2.149),premature rupture of membranes (OR=3.188,95％CI:1.916-5.305) and placenta previa (OR=6.607,95％CI:2.919-14.801).Conclusions There are multiple factors for preterm birth in urban hospitals in east-northern part of China,and quality of antenatal care should be improved and pregnant complications should be closely monitored and managed timely.