Objective To investigate the value of ultrasonography in diagnosis and preoperative TNM staging for neuroendocrine breast cancer(NEBC).Methods The ultrasonic characteristics of 12 NEBC and 104 invasive ductal carcinoma(IDC) confirmed by pathology,as well as the metastatic lymph nodes were analyzed retrospectively.The TNM-staging for NEBC by preoperative ultrasonography was evaluated according to pathology.And the relation between lesions size and Ki-67 was then analyzad.Results NEBC lesions mainly showed solid and heterogeneous hypoechoic(66.67％),irregular shape(66.67％),clear border (58.33 ％),posterior enhancement(58.33 ％) and internal blood flow(grade 0-Ⅰ) (66.67 ％).The detection rate of unclear border,irregular edge,hyperechoic halos and uneven internal echo was lower than IDC(P ＜ 0.05).Meanwhile,NEBC had a lower detection rate of calcification and internal blood flow(grade Ⅱ-Ⅲ)than IDC (P ＞0.05).And the detection rate of more round or oval lesions were higher in NEBC than that in IDC (P =0.001).According to pathology,the ultrasonic coincidence rate for T staging of NEBC and pathology was 75％,and for T1-staging was 100％,for T2-staging was 80％.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of ultrasonic diagnosis on lymph node metastases was 66.67％,88.89％,66.67％ and 88.89％,respectively.There was a positive correlation between focal maximum diameter with Ki-67 (r=0.026,P=0.004).Conclusions It shows certain value of ultrasonography in diagnosis and preoperative TNM staging for NEBC.

Objective To investigate the ultrasound characteristics of microinvasive breast carcinoma (MBC),and to improve its detection rate.Methods Sixty-five MBC,85 breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)and 99 breast invasive ductal carcinoma(IDC)confirmed by pathology were divided into mass type and ductal type according to ultrasonic manifestaions,and the ultrasound characteristics were retrospectively analyzed.Results MBC showed 89.23%(58/65)mass type with 64 lesions and 10.77%(7/65)ductal type. DCIS showed 88.24% (75/85 )mass type with 78 lesions and 1 1 .76% (10/85 )ductal type.IDC group showed all mass type with 102 lesions.In MBC,most mass type lesions were solid and hypoechoic with a mean maximum diameter,which was larger than DCIS,but similar with IDC(P >0.05).More mass type lesions with irregular shape and calcification were found in MBC than in DCIS(P < 0.05 ),while similar with IDC(P >0.05).The detection rate of spiculate margin in mass type lesions of MBC was higher than DCIS(P <0.05),but lower than IDC(P <0.05).Less mass type lesions showed unclear border,high A/T ratio and hyperechoic halos in MBC than in IDC(P <0.05),but similar with DCIS(P >0.05).More ductal type lesions displayed indistinct duct wall in MBC than DCIS(P <0.05 ).Meanwhile,MBC had a higher detection rate of internal blood flow(grade 2-3)than DCIS.Conclusions There are more lesions with large diameter,irregular shape,short spiculate margin and calcification in MBC than DCIS.Compared with IDC, MBC lesions are atypical in spiculate margin,and less lesions show hyperechoic halos and high A/T ratio. To be familiar with ultrasound characteristics of MBC is significant for improving its ultrasound detection rate.

Objective To investigate the value of color Doppler ultrasonography in metaplastic breast carcinoma(MBC).Methods The ultrasonic characteristics of 23 MBC and 1 1 8 invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) confirmed by pathology were analyzed retrospectively.And the ultrasound characteristics of different types of MBC was analyzed according to pathology.Results Mean maximum diameter of(3.73±1 .74)cm in MBC was larger than that in IDC[(2.57 ± 1 .19)cm,P = 0.005].Most MBC lesions showed larger diameter(>3 cm),clear border(56.5%),irregular shape(65.2%),lack of hyperechoic halos(65.2%), posterior enhancement(60.9%),no calcification(60.9%) and grade 2 - 3 of blood flow (56.5%).The detection rate of unclear border,unsmooth edge and hyperechoic halos of MBC was lower than those of IDC (P <0.05).But MBC had a higher detection rate in the masses with larger than 3 cm in diameter and posterior enhancement than IDC.Five (45.5%) lesions of 1 1 squamous cell carcinoma showed cystic constituent.The mean maximum diameter of 5 MBC with mecenchymal tissue lesions was larger than spindle cell carcinoma,but smaller than squamous cell carcinoma.And 4 lesions of the 5 MBC with mecenchymal tissue showed calcification,which occupied the highest proportion among different pathological types of MBC. The ultrasonic coincidence rate for MBC was 86.96%.Conclusions The ultrasonic appearances of MBC have a certain characteristics,and different pathological types of MBC also have corresponding characteristics.It shows important value of ultrasonography in preoperative diagnosis for MBC.

Objective:To explore the correlation among childhood trauma, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and implicit and explicit memory in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD).Methods:Fifty-two OCD patients were enrolled, and the childhood trauma was investigated by using the childhood trauma questionnaire short-form(CTQ-SF). The degree of obsessive-compulsive symptoms was assessed by using the Yale-Brown obsessive symptoms scale (Y-BOCS). In addition, the abilities of implicit memory and explicit memory were tested by vocabulary perception speed tasks and vocabulary recognition tasks.According to the scores of CTQ-SF, the patients were divided into abuse group( n=26) and neglect group( n=26). SPSS 22.0 software was used for t-test and Pearson correlation analysis. Results:Results of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, implicit memory, and explicit memory showed no differences between the abuse group and the neglect group( t=-1.959-1.839, P>0.05). The scores of obsessions symptoms(12.52±4.61) were positively correlated with the total scores of CTQ-SF (40.10±10.20)( r=0.331, P<0.05). On the subscale, the scores of obsessions were positively correlated with the scores of physical abuse(7.89±3.02), sexual abuse(6.47±2.28)( r=0.373, P<0.01, r=0.356, P<0.05). There was a negative correlation between the scores of physical abuse and the accuracy of explicit memory(68.75±13.33)( r=-0.281, P<0.05). The scores of physical neglect(8.98±2.67) was positively correlated with implicit memory response time(4 285.94±2 067.42)( r=0.314, P<0.05). Conclusion:Obsessions in patients with OCD are related to traumatic childhood experiences, especially physical abuse and sexual abuse.Physical trauma may influence the level of implicit and explicit memory in patients with OCD.

Objective To investigate the event-based prospective memory(EBPM)and time-based prospective memory(TBPM)in schizophrenia patients with concomitant metabolism syndrome,and to provide theory basis for early intervention and treatment.Methods According to inclusion standard,50 schizophrenia patients with concomitant metabolism syndrome and 50 schizophrenia patients without metabolism syndrome matched in age,gender and education were assessed with a neuropsychological battery of tests including EB-PM and TBPM tasks.Results In the EBPM task,there was significant difference between schizophrenia pa-tients with and without metabolism syndrome (3.46±0.91 vs 3.86±0.81, t=-2.326, P=0.022).A statistically significant difference in TBPM was observed between schizophrenia patients with and without metabolism syn-drome (3.02±1.12 vs 3.78±0.89, t=-3.770, P=0.000).Conclusion The schizophrenia patients with me-tabolism syndrome have severer prospective memory impairment than those without metabolism syndrome.

Objective To investigate the medical and pharmaceutical knowledge of patients with chronic diseases and analyse the influence factors of rational administration in patients ,to provid data to support the establishment of pharmaceutical service mode . Methods 386 cases of patients with chronic diseases were asked to finish the questionnaires for the medical and pharmaceutical knowledge ,and factors affecting the rational drug were analyzed by single factor and multiple factors Logistic regression analysis . Results Among the 386 patients ,cardiovascular and celebralvascular disease ratio was the highest(53 .3% ) ,followed by respiratory system diseases(13 .8% ) and the musculoskeletal system diseases (11 .50% );The averaged score of 386 patients was 1 .76 ± 0 .78 , medication knowledge was at a general level;single factor analysis results showed that there was significant difference(P<0 .05) between rational drug-use and abuse of drugs among patients in number ,form of payment ,marital status ,income ,education level , taking drug knowledge lectures ,combined treatment .Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that education level ,partici-pation in lectures ,drug combination ,disease species had a significant impact on the rational drug use among patients with chronic disease(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The pharmaceutical knowledge that patients with chronic disease mastered is unsatisfactory ;and unreasonable behavior of medication is common scence .Education level ,participation in lectures ,drug combination ,the number of diseases have great influence on the rational use of drugs in patients with chronic diseases .A kind of effective pharmaceutical service mode should be established for patients with chronic diseases by clinical pharmacists .This is a very meaningful work for rational ad-ministration .

Objective We aim to evaluate and discuss the feasibility of Hyaline imaging of three-dimension sonography in observation of paravaginal support structure in normal nonporous women.Methods Total of 45 normal infertile women were chosen.Three-dimensional volume datasets were collected at rest by transperineal ultrasound.The three-dimensional Hyaline images were acquired off-line.We observed the morphologic features of paravaginal support structure on the axial plane in middle vagina and measured the anteroposterior and lateral horizontal distances between bilateral paravaginal support structure and ureter.The consistency between two sonographers were analyzed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).Results In three-dimensional Hyaline imaging sonogram,paravaginal support structure was appeared as typically tenting-like shaped.The anteroposterior distances between paravaginal support structure and center of ureter were listed as followed:left (-0.31 ± 1.29) mm,right (0.47 ± O.99) mm.While the lateral horizontal distances were left (12.67 ± 6.70) mm,right (13.01 ± 5.75) mm.There were no statistical differences between bilateral both anteroposterior and lateral horizontal distances.The consistency between two sonographers for distinguishing paravaginal support structure on the middle-vaginal plane and measuring distances between paravaginal support structure and center of ureter was remarkably high (ICC is 0.87 and 0.82).Conclusions Hyaline imaging technology of three-dimensional pelvic floor sonography could be used to observe paravaginal support structure in women.The normal paravaginal support structure is typically showed as bilateral symmetrical tenting-like structure,which is on the same level as the center of ureter.It provides normal anatomic radiological evidence and helps study defect of paravaginal support structure caused by pregnancy or delivery.

Objective To determine the consistency of urogenital hiatus ( U H ) data between the semi‐automatic measurement and manual measurement using transperineal pelvic floor ultrasonography . Methods Total of 286 three‐dimensional images of minimal U H dimension were obtained . And they were divided into study group ( 100 images) and test group ( 186 images) randomly . T hree experts traced and created the w hole profile of the U H of those images in the study group by M AT LAB . T hen the semi‐automatic software was obtained through machine learning algorithms . In the test group , 6 parameters of U H ( including anterioposterior diameter , transverse diameter ,circumference , area ,left and right levator urethral gap distance) were measured by two experts ( D 1 and D2 ) both manually and semi‐automatically . T he time experts spent on measuring was also recorded and compared . Results T he time used for semi‐automatic measurement was significantly shorter than that for manual measurement [ ( 7 .49 ± 1 .51 ) s vs ( 42 .42 ± 11 .08) s ,( 7 .52 ± 1 .37) s vs ( 43 .45 ± 9 .09) s for D1 and D2 , t ＝ －12 .09 ,－13 .64 ,all P＝0 .00] . T he Pearson correlation coefficients between semi‐automatic and manual measurements of 6 parameters were 0 .857 －0 .985 ( P ＜ 0 .01) ,0 .853 －0 .979 ( P ＜ 0 .01 ) in D1 and D2 ,respectively . T he interclass correlation coefficients ( ICC) of six parameters were ranged from 0 .846 －0 .985 for D1 and 0 .843～0 .979 for D2 ( all P ＜ 0 .01 ) . T he Bland Altman plot also showed good agreement between two methods . Conclusions Intellectual recognition and semi‐automatic measurement has simplified the process for U H measurement ,and it is proved to be a reliable and timesaving method that is practical for clinical use .

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of short-term and long-term outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods From March 2015 to March 2016, patients with acute ischemic stroke treated at the Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University were enrolled prospectively. The demographic and baseline clinical data of the patients were recorded. The modified Rankin scale(mRS)was used to assess the short-term outcomes at 14 d and one year after onset. Good outcome was defined as mRS 0-2, and poor outcome was defined as > 2. Death or new cardiocerebrovascular events were recorded.Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the influencing factors of short-term and long-term outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Results A total of 514 patients with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled, including 338 (65.8％) with short-term good outcome and 176 (34.2％) with poor outcome. There were significant differences in age, atrial fibrillation, history of past stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), etiological typing of stroke, baseline NIHSS score, severity of stroke, pulmonary infection, dysphagia, and urinary incontinence between the short-term good outcome group and the poor outcome group (P<0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that history of past stroke or TIA(odds ratio[OR]2.188, 95％ confidence interval[CI] 1.192-4.014;P=0.011),baseline NIHSS score(OR 1.504,95％ CI 1.362-1.661;P=0.001),and urinary incontinence (OR 4.114, 95％ CI 1.934-8.751; P=0.001) were the independent influencing factors of short-term outcome. A total of 467 patients completed 1-year follow-up, including 315 (67.5％)with long-term good outcome and 152(32.5％)with poor outcome.There were significant differences in age,history of ischemic heart disease, stroke or TIA, etiological typing of stroke, baseline NIHSS score, severity of stroke, pulmonary infection, dysphagia, urinary incontinence, secondary prevention of antiplatelet drugs and statins between the long-term good outcome group and the poor outcome group(all P<0.05).Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age(OR 1.029,95％ CI 1.004-1.055; P=0.022), past history of stroke or TIA(OR 1.983, 95％ CI 1.082-3.633; P=0.027), baseline NIHSS score (OR 1.271, 95％ CI 1.153-1.400; P=0.001), urinary incontinence (OR 4.996, 95％ CI 2.308-10.813; P= 0.001), and secondary prevention using antiplatelet drugs (OR 0.227, 95％ CI 0.125-0.414; P=0.001) were the independent influencing factors of long-term outcome. The baseline NIHSS score (OR 1.184, 95％ CI 1.070-1.310;P<0.001) and secondary prevention using antiplatelet agents (OR 0.064, 95％ CI 0.014-0.284; P< 0.001) were the independent influencing factors of death or occurring vascular events. Conclusion Age, past history of stroke or TIA, baseline NIHSS score, urinary incontinence, antiplatelet drugs for secondary prevention were independently associated with the outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Early and targeted intervention of modifiable factors and the emphasis on the use of antiplatelet agents in secondary prevention might reduce stroke recurrence and improve outcomes.

Objective:To explore the relationship between comorbidity and oral health in the elderly.Methods:As a retrospective study, 852 patients hospitalized at the Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between July 2017 and July 2018 were selected, including 380 male and 472 female patients, with 274 between 60 and 74 years old, 519 between 75 and 89 years old and 59 ≥90 years old.Patients' clinical data and records on the Chinese version of the Kayser-Jones Brief Oral Health Status Examination(BOHSE)were retrospectively collected.The cumulative illness rating scale(CIRS)and the Chinese version of the BOHSE scale were calculated.The distribution of oral health problems measured using indicators in the Chinese version of the BOHSE scale was compared between the comorbidity group and the non-comorbidity group.The relationship between the CIRS score and oral health was analyzed by multiple linear regression.Results:Of the 808 patients with comorbidities, each patient had(3.63±1.33), (4.26±1.64)and(5.14±1.90)diseases, respectively, in the 60-74, 75-89 and ≥90 age groups( F=35.555, P<0.01). The age groups' CIRS scores were(8.88±3.59), (11.67±4.32)and(13.64±4.42)( F=51.532, P<0.01). The incidence of oral problems in hospitalized elderly patients was 92.72 %(790/852). The average oral health BOHSE score was(4.58 ± 2.88). There was a significant difference in oral health condition among the 60-74, 75-89 and ≥90 age groups( F=19.370, P<0.05). There were also significant differences in gums between teeth and/or under artificial teeth, condition of natural teeth and condition of artificial teeth between hospitalized elderly patients with and without comorbidities(all P<0.05). CIRS scores of patients with comorbidities were correlated with scores of natural tooth condition and pairs of teeth in the chewing position(natural or artificial)( t values were 2.565 and 2.495, P<0.05 for both). Conclusions:The comorbidity rate of hospitalized elderly patients is high and their oral health problems are common.As the age increases, the number of comorbidities increases and oral health condition becomes worse.The natural tooth condition and pairs of teeth in the chewing position(natural or artificial)are related to the severity of comorbidities in the elderly.