Objective:To explore the characteristics of original site of premature ventricular contraction (PVC) in pa‐tiets with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) .Methods:Among ECG‐detected single‐source PVC patients ,a total of 150 idiopathic PVC patients and 150 AMI patients were randomly selected as control group and AMI group respec‐tively .Original sites of PVC was compared between AMI group and control group and between left and right ventri‐cle of AMI group ,and the relationship between original sites of PVC and diseased coronary in AMI patients was an‐alyzed .Results:Compared with control group ,there was significant rise in percentage of PVC originated from left ventricular apex (6.0% vs .46.0% ) ,and significant reductions in percentages of PVC originated from right ventric‐ular outflow tract (54.7% vs .27.3% ) and right ventricular anterior wall (10.0% vs .3.3% ) in AMI group , P<0.05 or <0.01. In AMI group ,compared with PVC originated from right ventricular outflow tract ,there was sig‐nificant rise in incidence rate of PVC originated from left ventricular apex (27.3% vs .46.0% ) , P=0.001 ;com‐pared with right ventricle , there was significant reduction in incidence rate of outflow tract PVC (66.1% vs . 13.6% ) ,and significant rise in incidence rate of apex PVC (24.4% vs .78.4% ) in left ventricle , P<0.01 both . Relevance test analysis of two‐way disordered classified data indicated that diseased coronary was not related to orig‐inal sites of PVC in AMI patients (χ2 =0.519 ,P=0.134) .Conclusion:Original sites of premature ventricular con‐traction has its own characteristics in patients with acute myocardial infarction ,which may possess certain guidance significance for its treatment .

Objective To assess the efficacy of radiofrequency scalpel in the treatment of rhinophyma.Methods Twenty-three patients diagnosed with rhinophyma were randomly divided into radiofrequency group (13 patients) and routine surgery group (10 patients).Hypertrophic nasal tissue was removed by a radiofrequency scalpel in the radiofrequency group,and by a scalpel followed by dermabrasion in the routine surgery group.Several parameters,including operation time,intraoperative blood loss,surgical wound healing time,postoperative erythema duration,scarring incidence rate and appearance improvement value,were compared by t test or chi-square test between the two groups.Results All the patients completed the treatment.Compared with the routine surgery group,the radiofrequency group showed shorter operation time ((24.4 ± 2.8) vs.(44.0 ± 4.7) minutes,P ＜ 0.01)and less blood loss ((10.4 ± 1.4) vs.(39.0 ± 5.7) ml,P ＜ 0.01).No significant difference was observed in the surgical wound healing time,erythema duration,postoperative appearance improvement value and scarring incidence between the two groups.Conclusion Radiofrequency scalpel is effective and safe in the treatment of rhinophyma with shorter operation time and less intraoperative blood loss.

Objective To systematically review the efficacy and safety of mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL) and flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy (FURL) in management of lower pole kidney stones.Methods PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane library, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang Data were searched from the beginning of database to September 2016 and clinical trials that compared the two above operation for treatment of lower pole stones were collected.Two researchers independently filtered literature,extracted data and evaluated the methodological quality of research papers.The meta-analysis was performed using the RevMan 5.3 software.Results One randomized and seven non-randomized studies were analyzed, which consists of 621 patients including MPCNL group 327 cases, FURL group 294 cases.The results of meta-analysis showed that MPCNL was better than FURL in stones clearance (OR =2.65,95％ CI 1.58-4.46,P ＜ 0.01) and operative time (WMD =-21.86,95％ CI-28.52--15.20, P ＜ 0.01).FURL was better in hospital stay time (WMD =2.28,95％ CI 0.29-4.28, P =0.02), decrease in haemoglobin levels (WMD =0.78,95 ％ CI 0.68-0.89, P ＜ 0.01), bleeding (OR =5.11,95 ％ CI 1.12-23.31,P =0.04), transfusion(OR =7.04,95％ CI 1.59-31.15, P =0.01).There was no significant difference in fever,urinary tract infection, hematuria (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Both MPCN and FURL are safe and effective for the treatment of lower pole stones, MPCNL can get higher stone clearance rates and shorter operation time.However, FURL can get shorter hospitalization time and lower complication rates.

[Objective]To comprehensively compare the feasibility of three different treatment strategies consisting of low-dose chemotherapy(LDC),surgery and surgery with adjuvant low-dose chemotherapy(SLDC)for children with solitary bone lesions of eosinophilic granuloma(SBL-EG).[Methods]We retrospectively reviewed the records of 149 pediatric patients with SBL-EG at our institutions from 2002 to 2014. Our study included 86 patients who received LDC ,33 patients who received surgery and 30 patients who received SLDC. The duration of hospital stay ,time to symptom relief,recovery time,cost,complications and relapse-free sur-vival(RFS)of each strategy were analyzed.[Results]Hospital stay,time to symptom relief,recovery time and cost in the LDC group were significantly shorter or less than those in the surgery or SLDC group (P < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed in the above-mentioned factors between the surgery and SLDC groups (P > 0.05). Chemotherapy-related adverse events in the LDC and SLDC groups included nausea(8.62%),aminotransferase elevation(7.76%),slight hair loss(4.31%), immunity decline (21.55%),growth retardation (10.34%) and moon face (7.76%). LDC and SLDC treatment resulted in a significantly longer RFS (147 months and 126 months ,respectively) than surgery alone (114 months)(P = 0.005 and 0.019 , respectively). However ,there was no statistically significant difference in RFS between the LDC and SLDC groups (P = 0.732).[Conclusions]Compared with surgery or SLDC,LDC appears to promote more rapid recovery,less invasion,increase safety and eco-nomic treatment strategy for pediatric patients with SBL-EG.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of Gui Zhi Fuling Jiaonang on endurance to ischemia and hypoxia .Methods Mice were randomized into four groups :control group ,positive drug control group ,Gui Zhi Fuling Jiaonang high‐dose group (0 .93 g/kg) ,and Gui Zhi Fuling Jiaonang low‐dose group (0 .465 g/kg) . All mice were treated with corresponding drugs for 7 days .The hypoxia mice model was established through hypoxia in the closed jars , cerebral anoxia by decapitation , poisoning with sodium nitrite and isoprenaline . Then the hypoxia‐ischemia rat model was established by injecting isoproterenol . The anti‐hypoxic effects were observed . Results Compared with control group ,Gui Zhi Fuling Jiaonang high‐dose group (0 .93 g/kg) had a tendency to extend the survival time of mice model established through hypoxia in the closed jars ;Gui Zhi Fuling Jiaonang high‐dose (0 .93 g/kg) and low‐dose (0 .465 g/kg) groups had a tendency to extend the survival time of mice model established through cerebral anoxia by decapitation (P>0 .05) .Compared with that in control group ,the survival time of mice in Gui Zhi Fuling Jiaonang low‐dose group under poisoning with sodium nitrite and Gui Zhi Fuling Jiaonang high‐dose group under poisoning with isoprenaline were significantly prolonged .Besides ,Gui Zhi Fuling Jiaonang relieved myocardial tissue damage caused by ischemia and hypoxia ( P< 0 .05 ) .Conclusion Gui Zhi Fuling Jiaonang has an obviously protective effect on isoprenaline‐induced hypoxia and myocardial ischemia .

Objective: To investigate the imaging diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumors. Methods: The clinical features, imaging manifestations, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings and interventional therapy of 6 patients identified with pathologically confirmed primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumors were retrospectively analyzed, and the related literatures were reviewed. Results: All 6 patients presented with symptoms of abdominal pain. 4 patients had solitary hepatic mass and 2 patients had multiple hepatic masses. Magnetic resonance imaging showed low signal intensity on T1 weighted imaging, high signal intensity on T2 weighted imaging and clear boundary; the arterial phase of enhancement scan was uneven and enhanced, and portal venous phase or delayed phase showed continuous enhancement, surrounded by ring enhanced capsule. A pathological diagnosis was primary neuroendocrine tumor of the liver. After interventional treatment, 6 patients had some therapeutic effects. Among them, 4 patients underwent multiple interventional therapies, followed by 4 years of follow-up has shown satisfactory results. Conclusion Primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumors are very rare and their imaging manifestations are specific. Eventually, relies on pathological and immunohistochemical diagnosis. Transarterial chemoembolization therapy can bring satisfactory results in the treatment of primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumor.

Objective:To evaluate the role of bilateral superior cervical sympathetic ganglia (SCG) in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice and the relationship with NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes.Methods:Thirty-two healthy SPF male C57BL mice, aged 8-10 weeks, weighing 25-30 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=8 each) by the random number table method: sham operation group (NS group), myocardial I/R group (NIR group), bilateral SCG excision group (SCGx group) and bilateral SCG excision + myocardial I/R group (SCGx+ IR group). The myocardial I/R injury model was prepared by ligating the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery for 30 min followed by 24 h reperfusion in isoflurane-anesthetized mice. Bilateral superior cervical sympathectomy was performed at 3 days before reperfusion. Blood samples were collected from the inferior vena cava at 24 h of reperfusion for examination of pathological changes (by HE and WGA staining) and for measurement of serum creatine kinase isoenzymes (CK-MB) activity, cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentration, norepinephrine (NE) concentration and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activity (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (by colorimetric method), myocardial reactive oxygen species (ROS) level (by DHE method), myocardial infarct size(by TTC method), and expression of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), NLRP3 mRNA (by quantitativepolymerase chain reaction ), and expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), IL-1β, TNF-α, NLRP3, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) (by Western blot). Results:Compared with NS group, the NE concentration was significantly decreased, and TH expression was down-regulated in SCGx group, and the serum CK-MB activity, concentrations of cTnI and NE, LDH activity and myocardial ROS level were significantly increased, SOD activity was decreased, the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, NLRP3, ANP and BNP was up-regulated, and the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and NLPR3 mRNA was up-regulated in NIR group ( P<0.05). Compared with SCGx group, the serum CK-MB activity, concentrations of cTnI and NE, LDH activity and myocardial ROS levels were significamtly increased, SOD activity was decreased, the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, NLRP3, ANP and BNP was up-regulated, and the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and NLPR3 mRNA was up-regulated in SCGx+ NIR group ( P<0.05). Compared with NIR group, the serum CK-MB activity, cTnI concentration, LDH activity and myocardial ROS level were significantly decreased, SOD activity was increased, the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, NLRP3, ANP and BNP was down-regulated, the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and NLPR3 mRNA was down-regulated, and myocardial infarct size was decreased in SCGx+ NIR group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The mechanism by which bilateral SCG excision attenuates myocardial I/R injury is associated with decreased NLRP3 inflammatory inflammasome activation and inhibition of inflammatory responses in mice.

Objective:To determine the mechanical properties of our self-designed novel cross-locking intramedullary nails and the impact of number of conical locking nails on the fixation through a finite element analysis and specimen experiments.Methods:Mimics 19.0 and SolidWorks 2014 were used to create transverse fracture models of the olecranon which were subjected to fixation with respectively K-wire tension band (KTB) and our self-designed novel cross-locking intramedullary nails (NIN). The strengths of KTB and NIN fixation were analyzed by Ansys. Fifteen human ulna specimens were used to construct a transverse fracture model of the olecranon; an Instron E10000 mechanical testing machine was used to determine mechanical properties in fixation respectively with KTB, one NIN (NIN-1) and 3 NINs (NIN-3).Results:In the finite element analysis, in simulation of the forearm flexed at 45° under a 100 N load, the deformation of the fracture surface of the olecranon in fixation with KTB, NIN-1 and NIN-3 was respectively 0.131 mm, 0.123 mm and 0.121 mm. In the specimen experiments, in simulation of the forearm flexed at 45°, the maximum failure loads for fixation with KTB, NIN-1 and NIN-3 were (313.38±27.68) N, (528.56±53.58) N and (871.04±94.95) N, respectively, showing significant differences among the 3 groups ( P<0.05). The maximum failure load for NIN-3 fixation was significantly greater than that for KTB or NIN-1 fixation, and the maximum failure load for NIN-1 fixation was significantly greater than that for KTB fixation ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with KTB fixation, NIN fixation is more convenient in operation and has better mechanical properties. NIN-3 fixation has the best mechanical properties.

Objective To explore the correlation between changes in cerebral blood flow and auditory cognitive function in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment(aMCI).Methods The aMCI patients who visited the Memory Clinic of Beijing Friendship Hospital from July 2022 to September 2023 were selected as the research subjects,and gender and age matched healthy controls were included in the comparative study.All subjects underwent ASL scans using 3.0 T MRI and underwent a Chinese"repeat-recall"verbal cognitive function test(RRT)as an assessment of auditory cognitive abilities,and the correlation between cerebral blood flow(CBF)changes and auditory cognitive function was finally analyzed.Results A total of 26 patients with aMCI and 32 normal healthy were included.Regardless of the high and low context and signal to noise ratio(SNR),the auditory cognitive ability of the aMCI group significantly decreased compared to the control group(P<0.01).The standardized CBF value of the left inferior parietal lobule in the aMCI group was significantly reduced compared to the control group(0.921±0.234 vs 1.247±0.076,P<0.001).Correlation analysis showed that the standardized CBF value of the left inferior parietal lobule in the aMCI group was correlated with auditory cognitive ability under low contextual conditions of-5 dB signal-to-noise ratio(r=0.857,P<0.001).Conclusion CBF in the left inferior parietal lobe in patients with aMCI may have some relevance for auditory cognitive impairment.

Nursing students are new resources of clinical nursing service, the professional education training of competency regarding nursing quality and safety are necessary and important. This paper aims to analyze the education framework and research progress of foreign nursing quality and safety competence, and provide the references for Chinese education system of cultivating nursing students' nursing quality and safety competence in combination with current Chinese education situation.