AIM: To determine the median effective dose(ED50) of spinal anesthesia 0.75% ropivacaine for cesarean section. METHODS: Thirty-two ASAⅠ-Ⅱ parturients undergoing elective cesarean section delivery with use of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia were enrolled in this study. The initial dose of was 12.8 mg of 0.75% ropivacaine, and the dosing intervals were 98.4% of the preceding dosage. Doses for subsequent parturients were determined by the response of the previous parturient. Successful anesthesia was defined as a loss of sensation to an acupuncture stimulus at the T7 level, full motor blockade within 10 minutes after administration of the local anesthetic, analgesia of incision and the satisfaction of skelaxin evaluated by one operator. ED50 and its 95% confidence interval (CI) was determined with use of Dixon method. RESULTS: Five parturients were rejected out the study because of doubtful anesthsia. According to the rest twenty-seven parturients' data, the ED50 of intrathecal 0.75% ropivacaine was 11.97 mg (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.75-12.19 mg). CONCLUSION: The ED50 of spinal 0.75% ropivacaine for cesarean delivery under the conditions of this study were 11.97 mg.

Objective To investigate the effect of gemcitabine on the cell cycle and apoptosis of the human pancreatic cancer cell line MiaPaCa-2 with Beclinl gene silencing.Methods siRNA targeting at Beclinl gene was constructed,then it was inserted into an expression vector and transfected into MiaPaCa-2 cells.The Beclinl mRNA and protein expression were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.Gemcitabine was used to treat MiaPaCa-2 with Beclinl gene silencing,then the cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry.Results The MiaPaCa-2 cells with Beclinl gene silencing were successfully constructed,and the expression of Beclin1 mRNA was decreased from 1.0 in control group to 0.295,and number of cells in S and G2 phase was decreased,but number of cells in G1 phase was increased,and there was no change in apoptosis.After gemcitabine treatment,number of cells in S phase was further decreased,but number of cells in G1,G2 phase was increased,and apoptosis was inhibited.Conclusions Beclinl gene silencing can change the cell cycle of pancreatic cancer cells MiaPaCa-2,and influence the effects of gemcitabine on cell cycle and apoptosis.

Objective To explore the treatment of chronic infective wounds .Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical data in 225 patients were admitted from 2000 to 2010 .Results (1) They were mainly traumatic ulcers ,pressure ulcers ,postoperative ul-cers ,diabetes ulcers ,vascular ulcers in the group ,accounted for 80 .4% (181/225) .(2) Bacterial culture positive rate was 87 .1%(196/225) ,a total of 46 kinds with 342 pathogens were cultured ,gram-positive bacteria 40 .6% (139/342);gram-negative bacteria 57 .6% (197/342);Fungi 1 .8% (6/342) .The main pathogens were S .aureus(52) ,E .coli(43) ,P .aeruginosa(44) ,Klebsiella .SPP (27) ,which were highly resistant to penicillin ,erythromycin ,ampicillin ,gentamicin ,cotrimoxazole and the multidrug resistance rate was 37 .1% (127/342) .Chronic wounds and multidrug resistant bacteria showed rapidly increasing trend from 2007 .(3) 201 pa-tients with topical antibiotic treatment ,208 patients(49 patiens underwent re-operation)underwent operations to close wounds ;213 patiens were recovery ,12 patiens had to leave hospital because economic burden .Conclusion Chronic infective wounds were affect-ed by many factors .emphasizing on debriding ,reasonablechoice ,circulative ,alternate use of antibiotics and wound bed preparation , appling surgery to close wounds in early stage could effectively control wound infection and promote wound healing .

Objective: To investigate the effects of estrogen (E 2) on the structure of madible and femur in ovariectomized rats. Methods: 18 femal SD rats were evenly divided into 3 groups:sham-ovariectomized rats (sham-OVX),ovariectonmized rats without E 2 treatment (osteoporosis,OP) and ovariectomized rats with E 2 treatment (E 2).In the group of E 2,E 2 at the dose of 10 ?g/kg was injected into abdominal cavity of the rats every the other 2 days.All rats were sacrificed after 6-week treatment.The madible and femur samples were analyzed by bone histomorphometry with QWin550CW system. Trabecular area (Tb.Ar,%), trabecular width (Tb.Wi,?m) and trabecular seperation (Tb.Sp,?m) were calculated.Result: Tb.Ar(%),Tb.Wi (?m) and Tb.Sp(?m) in the madibles in sham-OVX rats were 29.43?3.12,10.97?1.85 and 27.59?4.21;in OP 19.44?2.24,6.45?1.73 and 42.03?5.46;in E 2 treated 26.81?2.93,9.54?1.22 and 30.98?3.65,respectively.Those in the femus in sham-OVX rats were 24.19?5.53,56.72?10.36 and 132.41?47.69;in OP 12.54?4.32,40.71?8.65 and 208.67?65.39;in E 2 treated 20.08?4.86,51.38?9.07 and 159.42?56.34,respectively.Conclusion: The bone volume decreases more in femur than in madible after ovariectomy in rats.Treament of estrogen can inhibit bone absorbtion in mandible and femur.

Objective To investigate the effect of ambroxol administered before surgery on contents of PMN,TNF-?,IL-6 and IL-8 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after closed circuit anesthesia in infants.Methods 40 infants who practiced selective orthopedics or abdominal operations were randomly divided into ambroxol group (group A) and control group (group B). Two days before operation,infants in group A and group B were administed ambroxol 0.3 mg/kg or 0.9 normal saline 10 ml through intravenous injection three times per day,respectively .The last single dose was administered before anesthesia induction.The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of intants were collected immediately after tracheal intubation(T1) and before tracheal extubation(T2),respectively.Interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were determined by enhancement solid-phase enzyme immunoassay action(EASIA),and TNF-? in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by euzymelinked immunosorbent assay (EIA).The numbers of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were examined. The contents of PMN,TNF-?,IL-6 and IL-8 in two groups were compared .The time of analepsia and complications of respiratory tract were observed after operation.Results Compared with group A, the contents of PMN,TNF-?,IL-6 and IL-8 in BALF collected at T2 were significant higher in group B (P

Objective The author seeked the suitable tidal volume in order to decrease mechanical ventilation-induced lung injury during closed circuit anesthesia in infants.Methodes 50 infants who practiced selective orthopedics operation randomly divided into traditional mode(12~15ml/kg,groupT,n=25)and low tidal volumes(7~8ml/kg,groupL,n=25).The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of intants were collected immediately after tracheal intubation(T1)and before tracheal extubation,respectively.Interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were determined by enhancement solid-phase enzyme immunoassay action(EASIA),TNF-? in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were determined by euzymelinked immunosorbent assay(EIA).The numbers of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of intants were examined.The infants' SpO2,arterial blood pressure and PetCO2 were monitored continuously.Arterial blood gas was analysised.The time of analepsia and complications of lung were observed after operation.Results PaCO2、PetCO2 in groupL were higher than that in groupT,pH in groupL lower than that in groupT at 30 min,60 min,120 min after mechanical ventilation and before extubation,respectively.The contents of PMN,TNF-?,IL-6 and IL-8 in BALF collected at T2 more than that at T1 in groupT.The contents of PMN,TNF-?,IL-6 and IL-8 in BALF in groupL less than that in groupT at T2(P

Objective To explore characteristics and significance of interferon-induced protein with tetratricopetide repeats 1 expressed in radiation injury and infection stress.Methods RNA was extracted from Raw264.7 cell,3T3 cell and 10T1 /2 cell after 5 hours stimulated with 5 μg/mL LPS.At the same time,to set up normal control group (untreated by LPS),and RNA of IFIT1 was detected by RT-PCR.Total-ly 20 C57 /BL6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups,namely 0 h group,1 h group,4 h group and 12 h group.The mice were given 12 Gray60Co full-body exposure once,then liver IFIT1 was detected by western blot.Results Stimulated with LPS for 5 hours,IFIT1 was in-duced expression in Raw264.7 cell,3T3 cell and 10T1 /2 cell.The expression of normal control group was negative.The level of IFIT1 /Actin increased significantly 1 hour after radiation injury,and it reached the peak 12 hours after radiation injury (P <0.01).Conclusion LPS can stimulated a variety of cell lines expressed IFIT1,prompting that IFIT1 may participate in the occurrence and development of post-traumatic toxemia.IFIT1 of liver tissue increased significantly during the early stage in radiation mice.

Objective To get the experience of surgical treatment for diabetic foot (DF) ulcer.Methods Clinical data of 85 patiems (108 limbs in total) admitted in Department of Bum and Plastic Surgery in The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from Jan 2010 to Dec 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Wound culture results of the 85 patients were:bacteria in 142 limbs,and fungi in 7 limbs.The main bacteria cultured were staphylococcus aureus,escherichia coli,coagulase negative staphylococcus,enterococcus,pseudomonas aeruginosa,and acinetobacter baumannii.DF healing and Wagner classification was negatively correlated:the higher the class,the less the primary healing rate.The higher amputation rate were found in the higher class patients.The more delayed healing,and the longer the healing time and average hospital stay were also found in the higher class patients.85 patients underwent surgery:skin grafting in 45 cases (52.9％),flap in 8 cases (9.4％),skin repair + flap grafting in 7 cases,toe (limb) amputation in 28 cases,2 cases were sutured after debridement.All cases were cured after one or multiple surgeries.No recurrence was found during the follow-up of 10 days to 2 months.No delayed infection occurred to the repairments.The shape and weight bearing walking function were good.Conclusions The treatment of DF need to follow the principle of multidisciplinary cooperation,professional treatmem,systemic and local treatment.We need to pay attention to the etiology and prevention of the disease,focus on wound bed preparation,choose the best treatment.Early operation can significandy fascilitate wound healing.

Objective To analyze the laboratory index characteristics of pulmonary hypertention (PH ) patients with different function states and pressure stages .Methods 2 752 patients diagnosed with PH in the outpatient department ,emergency depart-ment and inpatient department of this hospital from January 2006 to December 2011 were retrospectively analyzed .The clinical as-sessment of the disease condition was done according to the function state and pressure stage of PH recommended by WHO .The characteristics of hematological indexes ,inflammatory indicators and blood gas analysis were observed as well .Results The most common hematological abnormal indexes were the serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) elevation(89 .12% ) ,abnormal liver func-tion(58 .32% ) and abnormal hemoglobin(58 .32% ) .The proportion of the PH patients with the elevation of erythrocyte sedimenta-tion rate(ESR) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were 78 .52% and 73 .59% respectively .The constituent ratio of the BNP increase ,liver function abnormality ,abnormal hemoglobin ,elevation of UA and ESR had statistical differences among the PH patients with different function states and pressure stages (P<0 .05) .The most commonly blood gas analysis abnormality was hypoxemia(83 .08% ) .Respiratory alkalosis had the highest incidence rate in the acid-base imbalance(24 .58% ) .Conclusion The most common hematological abnormal indexes among PH patients are the elevation of serum BNP ,abnormal liver function and he-moglobin abnormality .The laboratory abnormal indexes of above 3 items and the increase of UA and ESR are always related with the severity of disease ,which should to be followed-up .

OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of ropivacaine on the proliferation and migration of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and provide basis for the clinical application of BMSCs. METHODS: Rat BMSCs were isolated and cultured by adherence method. Surface markers of BMSCs were examined by flow cytometry. Multipotent differentiation of BMSCs was detected by induced adipogenesis, osteogenesis and muscular differentiation. Proliferation of BMSCs was examined by CCK-8 and Brdu incorporation after ropivacaine treatment at different concentrations. Migration of BMSCs was tested by cell scratch assay and Millicell experiment. RESULTS: Cultured cells had representative appearance and surface markers of BMSC, and they had potential multiple differentiation. Ropivacaine treatment at 50 and 100 μmol/L significantly reduced the proliferation rate of BMSCs and Brdu incorporation rate. There was significant difference compared with the control group (P<0.05). Cellular scratch assay and migration experiment indicated that ropivacaine significantly reduced the migration of BMSCs. There was significant difference compared with the control group (P<0.05). All these mentioned effects of ropivacaine on BMSCs were dose-dependent. There was significant difference between groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Ropivacaine can significantly reduce the proliferation and migration of rat BMSCs, suggesting that the influence of local anesthetics on BMSCs has to be taken into account when BMSCs are used in clinical practice.
Amides ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Movement ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Flow Cytometry ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Rats ; Ropivacaine