Objective To explore the aberrant expressions of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its activation form,pmTOR,in stage IIIB human colon cancer,and analyze the association of mTOR and pmTOR with clinicopathologic characteristics and patients' prognosis. Methods A total of 104 patients with stage IIIB (T 3-4 N1M0) colon cancer with available follow-up data were enrolled. The specimens of colon cancer and clinical data were acquired from these subjects. The expressions of mTOR and pmTOR in tumor tissues and matched normal tissues were detected with immunohistochemistry. The relationship and its significance between the expressions of mTOR and pmTOR and some clinicopathological features,such as gender,age,location of primary tumor,pathological stage and TNM stage,were analyzed. Results The mTOR and pmTOR were found to be expressed in cell membrane and cytoplasm of tumor tissues. Out of the total 104 specimens,positive rate of mTOR and pmTOR accounted for 75.9% (79/104) and 76.9% (80/104),respectively. No significant correlation was noted between the expressions of mTOR and pmTOR and the clinicopathological features by partial correlation analysis. Both univariate analysis and multivariate analysis showed that the expressions of mTOR and pmTOR threw no significant influence on the 5-year overall survival of patients. Nevertheless,subgroup analysis suggested that a high expression of pmTOR along tumor border was likely to contribute to higher risk of death in patients. Conclusion Aberrant expressions of mTOR and pmTOR are noted in patients with locally advanced colon cancer. High expression of pmTOR along the border of tumor tissue may suggest the possibility of invasion and metastasis.

Background and purpose:Dendritic cells(DCs) possess specialized feature such as pathogen recognition,antigen capturing and processing machinery,and stimulating naive T lymphocyte to have antitumor ability that allow them to act like professional APCs.This paper is aimed to confirm the impacts on the proliferation and secretion of INF-? of tumor specific CTL and its cytotoxocity induced by DC loaded with different antigen.Methods:After the stimulation of DC loaded with different antigen,the proliferative rate of allolymphocytes was measured by MTT and the cytotoxocity of CTL was evaluated with LDH method.The INF-? secreted by activated T lymphocytes was detected by ELISPOT.Results:The DC loaded with CPP-Id(320%?15%) had significantly induce T lymphocyte proliferating when comparing with the induction by DC loaded with Id(57%?10%)(P

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of Cyclosporin A (CsA) and cholic acid on reducing the human liver cell damage induced by α-amanitin (AMA).Methods According to the previous research results,the minimum hepatocellular survival concentration against αt-AMA (1.4 g/L),the experiment was conducted in 5 groups:control group,damage group,glycochenodeoxycholic acid group,CsA group,and CsA combined with cholic acid group (CsA+ taurocholic acid,CsA+ chenodeoxycholic acid,CsA+ glycocholic acid,CsA+ glycochenodeoxycholic acid,and CsA+ taurochenodeoxycholic acid).For each group,there were 3 time points for observation (24 h,48 h and 72 h after attacking),CsA and CsA+ glycochenodeoxycholic acid was used to protect hepatocytes,respectively,and morphological changes in cells were observed with inverted phase contrast microscope,and the live cells were counted by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method,and aspertate aminot ransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the culture supernatant were detected by biochemical method.Results Compared with the control group,hepatocellular growth in the injury group was obviously suppressed,with progressive cellular apoptosis and significantly decreased absorbance value of MTIT (0.345 ± 0.021);the activity of AST and ALT increased gradually,reaching the highest after 72 h [(98.4 ± 6.7) U/L and (116.2 ± 9.5) U/L,respectively].Compared with injury group,broken organelles decreased significantly and absorbance value elevated in glycochenodeoxycholic acid group,CsA group and CsA combined with cholic acid group,and at each time point,the highest absorbance value in the CsA+ taurochenodeoxycholic acid group [the highest was (0.656 ± 0.014),P ＜ 0.05];at the same time,the activity of AST and ALT didn't increase obviously,at each time point,the lowest in CsA+ taurochenodeoxycholic acid group [the lowest was (22.3 ± 6.2) U/L and (20.2 ± 5.4) U/L,P ＜ 0.05,respectively].Conclusions CsA,as well as cholic acid,can protect human liver cells from the attack of α-AMA.The mechanism may be CsA,as an organic anion transfer peptide in humans (OATP1B1 and OATP1B3) suppressant,inhibits the absorption of α-AMA.The joint application of CsA and taurochenodeoxycholic acid is superior to the single OATP substrate or inhibitor.

[Objective]To analyze the prognostic factors of resectable acral melanoma patients ,then develop a novel prognostic model and examined its prognostic value.[Methods]The study retrospectively analyzed clinicopathological characteristics and inflam?matory markers of 232 acral melanoma patients who underwent radical surgical resection between 2000 and 2011 at the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center. Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted to estimate overall survival. Significantly predictive factors were identified by multivariate Cox regression analyses and a prognostic model based on these variables was constructed to predict survival.[Results]Cox regression analysis revealed that age,lactic dehydrogenase(LDH),stage,globulin(GLB)and C-reactive protein (CRP)were independently related to survival. After computing these scores ,patients were classified into three risk groups. The new prognostic model identified three categories of patients with different prognoses(P<0.001)and significantly stratify patient prognosis in different tumor stages. The 5-year survival rate was 42.9%,25.7%,and 3.7%in groups 1,2,and 3,respectively. The AUC of new prognostic model is 0.664(95%CI:0.599-0.724).[Conclusion]Age,LDH,stage,GLB and CRP were independently related to survival in our study population,and the prognostic model is useful to stratify patients into different risk groups and it is a useful complement to AJCC staging for Asian patients with acral melanoma.

Objective: To observe the tolerability of Chinese melanoma patients to four-week high-dose interferon alfa-2b(INTRON A(R)，Schering-Plough)therapy. Methods:A total of 29 patients with high risk melanoma[American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging(AJCC)ⅡB-ⅢC]who received adjuvant interferon therapy in our hospital between September 2007 and May 2009 were retrospectively reviewed.Patients received 4 hours of intravenous infusion of interferon alfa-2b fdose range，22.00 million international unit(MIU)to 33.75 MIU]Ⅳ 5 days/week for 4 weeks.The adverse events were evaluated with National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria(NCI 2.0 version). Results: The average daily dose was 17.63 MIU/(m~2·d).The therapy was ended in two patients because of poor wound healing or intolerability to severe fatigue.The most common adverse events were myelosuppression.Grade 3/4 neutropenia was observed in 69% (20/29)patients and was rapidly reversed after conventional support interventions.Grade 1/2 abnormal hepatic function occurred in 18 cases(62%).Twenty-six patients were followed up for 3 to 22 months.Five patients developed early progression:one with local recurrence，two with regional lymph node metastasis one with in-transit metastasis in the affected limb,and one with distant metastasis. Conclusion: High-dose interferon alfa-2b regimen can be well tolerated by Chinese patients but cannot effectively inhibit subclinical lesions.

Objective To extract,isolate and identify the polysaccharide from ginseng,and to investigate its anti-tumor activity in vitro. Methods The ginseng polysaccharide was obtained through water extraction and ethyl alcohol deposition method. Use the Sevage method to remove the protein in the crude polysaccharide. The structural characteristics of the polysaccharide were determined by FT-IR spectra.The RM-1 and HeLa cells were divided into control group and different concentrations (0,50,100,200,300,400 and 500 mg·L-1 )of ginseng polysaccharide groups. The survival rates of the cells in various groups were detected by MTT method. The indirect killing effects of ginseng polysaccharide with different concentrations (0,50,100,200,300,400 and 500 mg·L-1 )on the cancer cells were determined by CTL test. Results The extraction rate of ginseng polysaccharide was 8.7 6% and the structural characteristics demonstrated that the main component of the extract was polysaccharide.The result of MTT showed that there were no significant differences of the survival rates of RM-1 and HeLa cells between different concentrations of ginseng polysaccharide groups after treated for 24 h compared with control group (P>0.05).The result of CTL test showed that the cytototic LHD release rates in different concentrations of ginseng polysaccharide groups were increased significantly (P<0.05)compared with control group;with the increase of ginseng polysaccharide concentration, the cytotoxic LDH release rates were increased firstly and then were decreased.When the concentration of ginseng polysaccharide was 100 mg·L-1 ,the cytotoxic LDH release rate was the biggest.Conclusion Ginseng polysaccharide can indirectly inhibit the growth of the tumor cells by activating T cells and play an anti-tumor effect.

Objective To evaluate the activity of the cerebral glymphatic system during recovery in ischemic stroke(IS)patients with motor dysfunction,and to explore its association with motor function scores and corticospinal tract(CST)integrity via.Methods A total of 20 patients with IS(stroke group)and 20 healthy volunteer(control group)were recruited.There was a single lesion located at the left cerebral hemisphere in the stroke group.Demographic and clinical data of all participants were recorded.All participants underwent brain MRI scans,including diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)and T2WI.Diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space(DTI-ALPS)index at lateral ventricle level,fractional anisotropy(FA)and axial diffusivity(AD)of CST were calculated and the differences of each index between the two groups were compared.The correlation between DTI-ALPS index and Fugl-Meyer score and integrity of CST were analyzed in stroke group,respectively.Results The DTI-ALPS index in the stroke group was significantly lower than that in the control group(t=-3.88,P＜0.001).The DTI-ALPS index in the stroke group was positively correlated with motor function score(P=0.019),motor function grading(P=0.024)and sensory score(P=0.048),respectively.The DTI-ALPS index was negatively correlated with FA(r=-0.60,P=0.009)and AD(r=-0.67,P=0.002)of healthy side CST.Conclusion The decrease of DTI-ALPS index in patients with IS indicates the damage of cerebral glymphatic system.DTI-ALPS index may be a potential MRI biomarker for motor dysfunction in patients with IS,and a new idea is proposed for the study of the pathophysiological mechanism of IS.

Objective To explore the relationship between pathogen and disease characteristics of community-acquired bacterial bloodstream sepsis in PICU.Methods The clinical data of children diagnosed as sepsis admitted to the PICU of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University between June 2011 and June 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.Medical records were screened to confirm the diagnosis of commu-nity-acquired bacteria bloodstream sepsis.Results One hundred and ninety-one children(108 males and 83 females) had confirmed community-acquired bacteria bloodstream sepsis with the following characteristics:167 patients(87.4%) with the age less than 36 months,50 patients(26.2%) with co-existing disease,40 pa-tients(20.9%) with shock,of which 33 patients had septic shock,and 41 patients(21.5%) died.Gram-posi-tive bacteria was the predominant pathogen(73.3%,140/191).Streptococcus pneumoniae was the primary pathogen(19.9%,38/140). Conclusion Community-acquired bacteria bloodstream sepsis in PICU most commonly affects children less than 36 months of age.Gram-positive bacteria are the predominant pathogenic bacteria,the most common pathogens are Streptococcus pneumoniae,Staphylococcus epidermidis,Staphylo-coccus aureus,Streptococcus pyogenes and Escherichia coli.The highest mortality rate in septic children is caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Children with co-existing disease,sepsis complicated with shock and pa-tients requiring mechanical ventilation are risk factors for death.

AIM: Recombinant human adenovirus-p53 injection (rAd-p53) is the first marketed gene therapeutic drug worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and primary efficacy of rAd-p53 administrated on advanced solid tumors. METHODS: 24 patients with advanced solid tumor treated with rAd-p53 were reviewed, including 5 cases of renal carcinoma, 4 of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, 4 of colorectal carcinoma, 2 of melanoma, 1 of non-small-celllung cancer, 1 of esophageal carcinoma, 1 of gastric cardia carcinoma, 1 of thymic carcinoma, 1 of duodenal carcinoma, 1 of thyroid carcinoma, 1 of pancreatic carcinoma, 1 of endometrial carcinoma and 1 of rhabdomyosarcoma. RAd-p53 was weekly administrated at the dose of 1?10~ 12 VP, and 4 times of administration was defined as one cycle. Administration approach included intratumoral injection,intrabronchial drop in, intraperitoneal injection, intra-arterial infusion and intravenous drip. Combined therapy was given with chemotherapy in 18 cases, radiotherapy in 2, concomitant chemotherapy and radiotherapy in 1, abdominal thermotherapy and orally gefitinib in 1, cytokine immunotherapy in 1 and without combination therapy in 1. RESULTS: 23 cases underwent 35 cycles of therapy except for 1 case discontinued because of early progression. Among the 21 evaluable cases 5 PR, 5 SD and 11 PD were observed. Overall response rate was 23.8%(5/21) and disease control rate was 47.6%(10/21). Grade I-II injection site pain, chill, fever and myalgia were the most frequent side effects. Grade III fever developed in 2 cases and grade III-IV myelosuppression in 4 cases combined with chemotherapy. Furthermore, severe ostealgia occurred in 2 cases and transient hypotension in 1. CONCLUSION: RAd-p53 is tolerable in patients with advanced solid tumor. A further randomized clinical trial is necessary to confirm the antitumor activity of rAd-p53 combined with conventional strategies.

Objective To explore the application value of Fast Dixon technique in MR hip joint scanning.Methods Fifty young volunteers were recruited to perform axial and coronal MR scans of the hip joint.The scanning sequence was Fast Dixon T2WI sequence and conventional Dixon T2WI sequence.A double-blind five-point scale was used to subjectively evaluate the image quality of the two types sequences.The signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)of the axial image were measured at the maximum level of the bladder display.Results In the scores of"good contrast between surrounding tissue and femoral head signal"and"overall image quality",the Fast Dixon T2WI sequence was better than the conventional Dixon T2WI sequence,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the average scores of"whether bladder artifacts affected the diagnosis"and"whether the fat suppression effect was good"between Fast Dixon T2WI sequence and conventional Dixon T2WI sequence(P>0.05).In the objective image quality evaluation,the SNR and CNR of Fast Dixon T2WI sequence were better than those of conventional Dixon T2WI sequence,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The image quality score of the hip joint of young volunteers with Fast Dixon T2WI sequence combined with multiple averaging excitation technique is significantly higher than that of conventional Dixon T2WI sequence.The Fast Dixon T2WI sequence can increase the effect of inhibiting fat and motion artifacts without increasing the scanning time,and the joint face ratio is good.Fast Dixon technique can replace the traditional Dixon technique,thus becoming an optimal choice for hip joint MR scanning.