Objective To explore the effect of empathy and forgiveness on urban residents' life satisfaction.Methods Interpersonal Reactivity Index(IRI),Trait Forgivingness Scale(TFS) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale(SWLS) were administrated to 3537 participants living in several provinces in China.Results ①The variable of perspective-taking had significant main effect on both forgiveness and life satisfaction(β=0.409,P ＜0.01 ; β=0.145,P ＜0.01),and particularly personal distress had significant negative effect on both forgiveness and life satisfaction (β=-0.291,P ＜ 0.01 ; β=-0.181,P ＜ 0.01)②Forgiveneas had significant main effect on life satisfaction(β=0.142,P＜0.01).③The relationship between perspective-taking and life satisfaction was partially mediated by forgiveness(P＜0.01).The relationship between personal distress and life satisfaction was also partially mediated by forgiveness (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Perspective-taking and personal distress has different predicting effect on life satisfaction,and forgiveness plays an important mediating role in the relationship between them.

Objective To observe the effect of intercellular adhesion molecule on neuronal differentiation of P19 cells in vitro.Methods Monolayer P19 cells were cultured on the plates coated with 0.1% gelatin, 2.5 mg/L and 10 mg/L N-cad-Fc (a fusion protein of the N-cadherin extracellular domain and the IgG Fc domain), and then 5 × 10-7mol/L retinoic acid (RA) was used to induce neuronal differentiation of P19 cells. Neuron-specific class Ⅲβ-tubulin (Tuj-1) antibody was examined by immunofluorescence staining. The protein expressions of oct3/4 in stem cells, nestin in precursor cells, ngnl and map2 in neurons and gfap in glial cells were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results RA at 5 × 10-7mol/L could induce P19 cells to differentiate into neurons. The average differentiation rates on 0. 1% gelatin, 2. 5 mg/L and 10 mg/L N-cad-Fc were 7. 8%, 28. 6% and 26.8%, respectively. Cells cultured on N-cad-Fc coated plates dramatically up-regulated the expressions of neural-specific proteins ngnl and map2. The expression of stem cell specific protein oct3/4 was decreased ahead of schedule and the expression of glial cell specific protein gfap could not be found by RT-PCR. Conclusions RA can induce P19 cells to differentiate into neuronal cells. Intercellular adhesion molecule has promotional effect on cell differentiation.

Objective Evaluating important factors which have effects on cardiomyocyte differentiation and to optimize differentiation efficiency.Methods Hanging drop method or 96-well plate method were used to produce aggregates.DMSO was used to induce cardiomyocyte differentiation of P19 cells.Beating cells were detected with microscopy and cardiomyocyte specific protein Troponin T was examined by immunostaining.RT-PCR was applied to evaluate the expression of cardiomyocyte related genes.Results Compared with Hanging drop method,96-well plate method facilitated aggregate formation and adhesion.Adding DMSO improved aggregates integrity.Seeding concentration of 1?107～2?108L-1 caused the most effective differentiation.Troponin T immunostaining was observed before cells started beating.Conclusion By optimizing the method for aggregates formation,differentiation inducing chemicals and cell seeding concentration,it is possible to improve cardiomyocyte differentiation effect of P19 cells.This might provide us a way for cardiomyocyte differentiation with high efficiency.

Objective To understand the correlations between HIV-1 subtypes and changes in CD4+T cell count over time in patients with different subtypes of HIV-1 infection.Methods A total of 94 patients who were diagnosed with HIV-1 infection in Nanjing and received at least twice CD4+T cell counting test before antiretroviral therapy (ART) were recruited in this study.Descriptive analysis was used to present the rates of CD4+T cell decline for different HIV-1 subtypes.Logistic regression analysis and nonparametric test were conducted to investigate the factors responsible for CD4+T cell decline and to analyze the correlations between the rates of CD4+T cell decline and HIV-1 subtypes.Results The median monthly rate of CD4+T cell decline was-2.20 [interquartile range (IQR):-11.36-2.13] cell/μl.Of all patients,25.5% (24/94) had a significant decline (≥30%) in CD4+T cell count.Compared with the patients infected with CRF01_AE,those infected with CRF07_BC (OR=0.28,95%CI: 1.7-6.5) or other subtypes (OR=0.16,95%CI: 1.0-2.9) had a lower risk of significant decline in CD4+T cell count.In addition,results of the nonparametric test showed that the patients infected with CRF01_AE (M=-21.54,IQR:-30.97——11.92 cell/μl) had a faster CD4+T cell loss than those infected with CRF07_BC (M=-11.26,IQR:-14.06——5.63 cell/μl) (P=0.033).Conclusion HIV-1 subtype is associated with the rate of CD4+T cell decline.It is important to monitor the changes in CD4+T cell count in patients infected with CRF01_AE and to carry out timely ART.

Objective To analyze the evolutionary characteristics and predict the variation trend of neuraminidase (NA) gene of influenza A/H1N1 (09pdm) virus in China from 2009 to 2016 in order to provide the basis of assessment for flu vaccines.Methods A total of 1 141 sequences of NA gene of influenza A/H1N1 (09pdm) virus were screened out from the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data and National Center for Biotechnology Information.The phylogenetic trees and the mutations of amino acids sequences were constructed and analyzed by biological softwares.The prediction for epidemic trend of influenza was analyzed by Bayesian skyline Plot.Results Compared with the sequence of reference strain,the homology of nucleic acid sequence of NA gene decreased year by year from 2009 to 2016.The phylogenetic analysis showed that NA gene clustered nearly on the identical phylogenetic tree in one year.The positive selection pressure site of NA strain was observed by different models in each year except 2012.The dynamics analysis showed that the popularity of influenza A/H1N1 virus may continue to increase to a peak in 2017.Conclusion The amino acid encoded by NA gene of influenza A/H1N1 virus is varying gradually,so the importance of surveillance for influenza virus should be reinforced for every year.

OBJECTIVETo discuss the surgical method and clinical efficacy for open tarsometatarsal joint injuries.

METHODSFrom March 2011 to January 2015, 21 patients with open tarsometatarsal joint injuries were treated with stage-surgery method, including 14 males and 7 females with an average age of 45.6 years old ranging from 20 to 75 years. Injury site occurred in the left foot of 13 cases and right foot of 8 cases. Traffic injury was in 5 cases, crush injury in 6 cases, heavy crushing was in 10 cases. According to Myerson to classify for tarsometatarsal joint injury, 5 cases were type B2, 9 cases were type C1, and 7 cases were type C2. And according to Gustilo to typing for soft tissue injury, 5 cases were type IIB, 10 cases were type IIIA, 6 cases were type IIIB. Fracture healingand complications were observed after operation and clinical effects were evaluated according to the midfoot score of AOFAS.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up from 11 to 40 months with an average of 16.2 months. The fracture healing time was from 10 to 16 weeks with an average of 12.3 weeks. No complications such as deep infection, nonunion and osteomyelitis were found. Midfoot score of AOFAS at last follow-up was 83.0±14.9, 9 cases got excellent results, 8 good, 2 fair, 2 poor. Two patients complicated with severe traumatic arthritis once again underwent tarsometatarsal arthrodesis.

CONCLUSIONSFor the treatment of open tarsometatarsal joint injury, reasonable debridement, comprehensive assessment for the soft tissue injury, correctly grasp the surgical indications and time of internal fixation, can reduce the incidence of deep infection and osteomyelitis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the methods and clinical effects of repairing finger soft tissue defect with free vascularized flaps based on the wrist cutaneous branch of ulnar artery.

METHODSFrom February 2010 to December 2012, 16 patients with finger soft tissue defects were repaired by free vascularized flaps based on the wrist cutaneous branch of ulnar artery, including 10 males and 6 females with an average age of 38.2 years old ranging from 18 to 52 years. Among them, 5 cases caused by hot crush injury, 8 cases caused by machine crush injury, 3 cases caused by firecracker burst injury. The defect area varied from 1.3 cm x 2.3 cm to 2.6 cm x 5.0 cm. The flap area varied from 1.5 cm x 2.5 cm to 2.8 cm x 5.2 cm. The appearance and two-point discrimination of flap were observed after operation.

RESULTSAll flaps survived and wounds healed primarily. No wound infection and skin necrosis were found in donor site and recipient site. Among repair methods, direct suture in forearm donor site had 11 cases and skin graft had 5 cases. All patients were followed up from 6 to 24 months with an average of 10.8 months. The appearance of flap was not fat or clumsy, texture and color were similar to the recipient site, the sensation were good, two-point discrimination was 6 to 9 mm. The appearance of donor site were well complicated with mild scarring without dysfunction obviously.

CONCLUSIONThe free vascularized flaps based on the wrist cutaneous branch of ulnar artery has the advantages of vascular anatomy constant,thickness moderate and carry sensory nerves, etc, which is effective way to repair finger soft tissue defects.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Finger Injuries ; surgery ; Free Tissue Flaps ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; surgery ; Ulnar Artery ; surgery ; Young Adult

In view of the problems that conventional artificial cartilages have no bioactivity and are prone to peel off in repeated uses as a result of insufficient strength to bond with subchondral bone, we have designed and prepared a novel kind of PVA-BG composite hydrogel as bionic artificial articular cartilage/bone composite implants. The effects of processes and conditions of preparation on the mechanical properties of implant were explored. In addition, the relationships between compression strain rate, BG content, PVA hydrogels thickness and compressive tangent modulus were also explicated. We also analyzed the effects of cancellous bone aperture, BG and PVA content on the shear strength of bonding interface of artificial articular cartilage with cancellous bone. Meanwhile, the bonding interface of artificial articular cartilage and cancellous bone was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. It was revealed that the compressive modulus of composite implants was correspondingly increased with the adding of BG content and the augments of PVA hydrogel thickness. The compressive modulus and bonding interface were both related to the apertures of cancellous bone. The compressive modulus of composite implants was 1.6-2.23 MPa and the shear strength of bonding interface was 0.63-1.21 MPa. These results demonstrated that the connection between artificial articular cartilage and cancellous bone was adequately firm.
Biocompatible Materials ; chemistry ; Biomimetic Materials ; chemistry ; Bone Substitutes ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Cartilage, Articular ; physiology ; surgery ; Compressive Strength ; Humans ; Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate ; chemistry ; Polyvinyl Alcohol ; chemistry ; Prostheses and Implants ; Prosthesis Design ; Stress, Mechanical

Objective To construct the molecular transmission networks of HIV-1 CRF01 AE strains circulating in China and to analyze their characteristics. Methods Sequences of the pol genes of Chinese CRF01 AE strains were downloaded from Los Alamos database and the related demographic informa-tion was checked. Transmission networks were created by four steps,including phylogenetic tree construc-tion,transmission cluster extraction,minimum genetic distance identification and network visualization. Chi-square test was performed to analyze the differences in the distribution of different populations in the networks and the differences in the distribution of subjects with different degrees among different sub-populations. De-scriptive analysis was used to investigate the transmission links between sub-populations and various regions. Results The 2 419 sequences constituted 250 separate networks including 847 nodes and 610 edges. The number of subjects covered by different networks ranged from 2 to 25. Subjects with degree ≥2 represented only 26. 4%(224 / 847)of network-individuals,but were connected with 66. 5%(563 / 847)of all network-individuals. There were 37. 6%(669 / 1 781)of men who have sex with men(MSM),28. 4%(102 / 359) of heterosexual men,16. 1%(10 / 62)of intravenous drug users(IDUs)and 30. 4%(66 / 217)of hetero-sexual women involved in the networks(χ2 =23. 774,P﹤0. 001). The percentage of subjects with degree ≥2 was high in MSM(10. 8% ,193 / 1 781)compared to that in heterosexual men(5. 6% ,20 / 359)(P =0. 002)and heterosexual women(4. 6% ,10 / 217)(P=0. 004). Of the 669 MSM in the networks,95. 5%(639 / 669)linked to other MSM and only 2. 4% (16 / 669)linked to heterosexual women. However, 15. 1%(10 / 66)of the heterosexual women in the networks linked to MSM. Of the heterosexual men in the networks,35. 3%(36 / 102)linked to heterosexual women,9. 8%(10 / 102)linked to MSM. Of the sub-jects in the networks,20. 9%(177 / 847)linked to other regions' individuals. Conclusion The super-spreaders played an important role in the molecular transmission networks of HIV-1 CRF01 AE strains even though they were in a minority. The transmission of HIV-1 CRF01 AE strains between sub-populations and various regions was complicated and active.

Objective: To analyze the influence of growing experience on non-heterosexual orientation among male college students. Methods: From October to November in 2015, a total of 2 535 male students from 96 classes in 14 colleges/departments were recruited from two colleges that participated in the experimental work of AIDS prevention by cluster random sampling method. A structured questionnaire was administered in this study, including general demographic information, growing experience and Kinsey scale (to evaluate sexual orientation). Out of 2 500 questionnaires distributed in this study, 2 332 effective copies were withdrew, with the effective rate at 93.3%. Chi square test was used to analyze the differences of non-heterosexual orientation among the individuals with different social demographic characteristics. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of non-heterosexual orientation. Results: Among the 2 332 individuals, the proportion of self-reported non-heterosexual was 6.2% (144).The proportions of male students who identify as non-heterosexual from freshman to junior year were 5.2%(63/1216),6.9%(65/941),11.7%(13/111) and 4.7%(3/64), respectively (χ²=9.06,P=0.029). Compared with the individuals of very good relationship with parents, those with bad relationship (OR=3.3, 95%CI: 1.7-6.5) and general relationship (OR=1.7, 95%CI: 1.0-2.9) with parents had a higher risk of non-heterosexual orientation, respectively. Those encountered sexual assault had a higher risk of non-heterosexual orientation than those without encountered sexual assault (OR=5.9, 95%CI: 3.2-10.9). Conclusions This study reported a high proportion of self-reported non-heterosexual among college male students in Nanjing, and highlighted the importance of targeting students with poor parental relationships and who subjected to sexually abused.