Objective: To explore the effect of breastfeeding duration on age at adiposity rebound, and provide a scientific theoretical basis for identifying early life factors of obesity in children and adolescents, while promoting early intervention. Methods: In September 2019, first graders from a primary school in Minhang District, Shanghai, were selected to participate in this study, and their growth information was retrospectively collected. The natural cubic spline function was used to fit the body mass index trajectory of the subjects from 1 to 80 months, and age at adiposity rebound was calculated. A total of 6 148 subjects were selected, and complete data of adiposity rebound timing and breastfeeding duration were obtained. A multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the relationship between these two variables. Results: The average breastfeeding duration of all children included in the study was (3.71±3.28) months, and most of the subjects (69.63% for male and 70.45% for female) were breastfed for less than 4 months. A positive linear relationship was found between them [male, B =0.16(0.02-0.30), female, B =0.34(0.18- 0.51 ), total, B =0.23(0.12-0.34), P <0.05]. The linear relationship was determined using the multivariate model. Conclusion Breastfeeding duration independently affected age at adiposity rebound. Prolonging the duration of breastfeeding within 24 months of age may help to delay the timing of adiposity rebound,and thus reduce later risks of overweight and obesity.

Objective: To explore the influence of birth weight and growth patterns during infancy on overweight and obesity among first grade primary school pupils, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of early life prevention and intervention policies. Methods: In 2019, data related to routine physical examinations were collected for primary school pupils in the Minhang District of Shanghai, and information regarding birth and follow ups was collected retrospectively. Physical examination data of 4 434 pupils at 12 months of age were obtained. A multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the relationship between growth patterns during infancy and body mass index (BMI) in the first grade of primary school. A generalized linear model was employed to analyze the relationship between birth weight and growth patterns during infancy and overweight and obesity in the first grade of primary school. A hierarchical analysis was conducted. Results: A linear relationship was observed between growth patterns during infancy and BMI and the BMI Z score of first grade primary school pupils [ β(β 95%CI)=0.30(0.24-0.35),0.12(0.10- 0.15 ), P <0.01]. In addition to subjects classified as small for gestational age (SGA), catch up growth during infancy was identified among subjects who were classified as appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and large for gestational age (LGA). LGA at birth and catch up growth during infancy were independent risk factors for overweight and obesity among first grade primary school children ( RR =1.31-1.55, P <0.05). The hierarchical analysis showed that catch up growth increased the risk of overweight and obesity among first grade primary school pupils classified as AGA [ RR(RR 95%CI )=1.74(1.42-2.14),1.87(1.56-2.26)], and increased the risk of obesity among first grade primary school pupils classified as SGA and LGA [ RR(RR 95%CI )=3.74(1.04-13.49),3.24(1.62-6.46)]( P <0.05). Among those who exhibited catch up growth during infancy, LGA increased the risk of obesity among first grade primary school pupils ( RR= 2.60 , 95%CI=1.35-5.02, P <0.01), but not the risk of being overweight ( P =0.13). Conclusion Birth weight and growth patterns during infancy have an impact on overweight and obesity among children in the first grade of primary school. It is suggested that attention should be paid to growth and physical development in early life for those classified as LGA and AGA, and catch up growth in children should be closely monitored.

Objective: To explore the characteristics of the adiposity peak and rebound in early life among first year primary school students with different body weight measures, so as to provide scientific evidence for the development of prevention interventions to manage childhood overweight and obesity. Methods: A total of 2 330 first year primary school students who received routine physical examinations from September to December in 2019 were selected. According to body mass index (BMI) status, participants were divided into three categories:healthy weight, overweight, and obese. The BMI growth trajectories of the three groups were fitted by gender using the generalized additive mixed model from 1 to 80 months, retrospectively. Each subject s age at the adiposity peak and rebound, and associated BMI values, were calculated. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 16.31 % (380/ 2 330 ) and 16.09% (375/2 330), respectively. For first year students with obesity, the BMI value continued to be higher than their overweight or healthy weight counterparts during the first 80 months of life. The age at the adiposity peak for these students, whose BMI status varied, was about nine months. However, the BMI of children with overweight or obesity was much higher than that of healthy weight subjects. Age at adiposity rebound was 72 months for healthy weight children, 52 to 55 months in children defined as overweight, and 22 to 23 months in children with obesity. For healthy weight children, the fitted value of BMI at the adiposity rebound was less than that of overweight and obese children. Conclusion Age at the adiposity peak was largely similar among first year students with different BMI patterns; however, age at adiposity rebound was different. Age at adiposity rebound among children with obesity was much earlier than that of other subjects, and their BMI values were much higher.

OBJECTIVETo examine the expression of cytokine-induced apoptosis inhibitor1 (CIAPIN1) in gastric cancer and normal mucosa tissues, and to investigate its effects on migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells.

METHODSImmunohistochemistry was used to detect CIAPIN1 expression in 15 samples of normal gastric mucosa tissues, 148 samples of gastric cancer tissues (42 of non-metastasis gastric cancer tissues without other organs or lymph node metastasis, 106 of metastasis gastric cancer tissues with lymph node metastasis), and 37 samples of gastric cancer lymph node metastasis tissues. Association of CIAPIN1 expression with clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer was analyzed by Chi-square test. SGC-7901 cell lines of high CIAPIN1 expression and low CIAPIN1 expression were established. Transwell assay was applied to detect the invasion and migration of CIAPIN1-regulated gastric cancer cells.

RESULTSPositive rate of CIAPIN1 expression in gastric cancer tissues was lower than that in normal gastric mucosa tissues (41.2% vs. 86.7%, P=0.0008), and in metastasis gastric cancer tissues was also lower than that in non-metastasis gastric cancer tissues (34.9% vs. 71.4%, P=0.0000). Furthermore, the positive rate of CIAPIN1 expression was closely related to the TNM staging of gastric cancer (TNM stage I(, II( and III( were 55.0%, 53.5% and 24.4%, respectively, P=0.0037). But there was no significant difference of positive expressive rate between metastatic gastric cancer tissues and metastatic lymph node tissues(34.9% vs. 21.6%, P=0.3700). Transwell assay showed that up-regulated CIAPIN1 expression would significantly reduce, while down-regulated CIAPIN1 expression would significantly promote the invasion and migration of SGC-7901 cells (all P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONPositive rate of CIAPIN1 expression is low in gastric cancer tissues and shows inhibition of invasion and migration of gastric cancer cells.

Cell Line, Tumor ; Down-Regulation ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; metabolism ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neoplasm Staging ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Up-Regulation

[Abatract] Objective To examine the expression of cytokine-induced apoptosis inhibitor1 (CIAPIN1) in gastric cancer and normal mucosa tissues, and to investigate its effects on migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect CIAPIN1 expression in 15 samples of normal gastric mucosa tissues , 148 samples of gastric cancer tissues (42 of non-metastasis gastric cancer tissues without other organs or lymph node metastasis , 106 of metastasis gastric cancer tissues with lymph node metastasis), and 37 samples of gastric cancer lymph node metastasis tissues. Association of CIAPIN1 expression with clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer was analyzed by Chi-square test. SGC-7901 cell lines of high CIAPIN1 expression and low CIAPIN1 expression were established. Transwell assay was applied to detect the invasion and migration of CIAPIN1-regulated gastric cancer cells. Results Positive rate of CIAPIN1 expression in gastric cancer tissues was lower than that in normal gastric mucosa tissues (41.2% vs. 86.7%, P=0.0008), and in metastasis gastric cancer tissues was also lower than that in non-metastasis gastric cancer tissues (34.9% vs. 71.4%, P=0.0000). Furthermore, the positive rate of CIAPIN1 expression was closely related to the TNM staging of gastric cancer (TNM stage Ⅰ,ⅡandⅢwere 55.0%, 53.5%and 24.4%, respectively, P=0.0037). But there was no significant difference of positive expressive rate between metastatic gastric cancer tissues and metastatic lymph node tissues (34.9% vs. 21.6%, P=0.3700). Transwell assay showed that up-regulated CIAPIN1 expression would significantly reduce , while down-regulated CIAPIN1 expression would significantly promote the invasion and migration of SGC-7901 cells (all P<0.05). Conclusion Positive rate of CIAPIN1 expression is low in gastric cancer tissues and shows inhibition of invasion and migration of gastric cancer cells.

[Abatract] Objective To examine the expression of cytokine-induced apoptosis inhibitor1 (CIAPIN1) in gastric cancer and normal mucosa tissues, and to investigate its effects on migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect CIAPIN1 expression in 15 samples of normal gastric mucosa tissues , 148 samples of gastric cancer tissues (42 of non-metastasis gastric cancer tissues without other organs or lymph node metastasis , 106 of metastasis gastric cancer tissues with lymph node metastasis), and 37 samples of gastric cancer lymph node metastasis tissues. Association of CIAPIN1 expression with clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer was analyzed by Chi-square test. SGC-7901 cell lines of high CIAPIN1 expression and low CIAPIN1 expression were established. Transwell assay was applied to detect the invasion and migration of CIAPIN1-regulated gastric cancer cells. Results Positive rate of CIAPIN1 expression in gastric cancer tissues was lower than that in normal gastric mucosa tissues (41.2% vs. 86.7%, P=0.0008), and in metastasis gastric cancer tissues was also lower than that in non-metastasis gastric cancer tissues (34.9% vs. 71.4%, P=0.0000). Furthermore, the positive rate of CIAPIN1 expression was closely related to the TNM staging of gastric cancer (TNM stage Ⅰ,ⅡandⅢwere 55.0%, 53.5%and 24.4%, respectively, P=0.0037). But there was no significant difference of positive expressive rate between metastatic gastric cancer tissues and metastatic lymph node tissues (34.9% vs. 21.6%, P=0.3700). Transwell assay showed that up-regulated CIAPIN1 expression would significantly reduce , while down-regulated CIAPIN1 expression would significantly promote the invasion and migration of SGC-7901 cells (all P<0.05). Conclusion Positive rate of CIAPIN1 expression is low in gastric cancer tissues and shows inhibition of invasion and migration of gastric cancer cells.

Objective: To observe the association between puberty development and thyroid function among school-aged girls in Minhang District of Shanghai, in order to explore the effect of puberty development on thyroid function. Methods: The study was based on a cohort of adolescent girls recruited in iodine-suitable areas of Minhang District, and the baseline and follow-up survey have been carried out from January to March 2019. The method of phased cluster sampling was used to select one junior high school in the east, south, north and middle of Minhang District, Shanghai, respectively. Finally, 464 new junior high school girls were included in the Cohort study for physical examination, and girls were followed up from January to March 2021. The Puberty Development Scale (PDS) was used to assess the stage of puberty. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4) were determined for each participant. Thyroid homeostasis structure parameters (THSPs) was calculated. Changes of Thyroid hormones at baseline and follow-up were compared by Wilcoxon signed rank sum test. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations of thyroid hormones (THs) and THSPs changes with pubertal develepment. Results: Serum TSH levels of female studentds decreased significantly, while their FT3 and FT4 levels increased significantly during the study period ( Z=-10.53, -4.71, -12.46, P <0.01). In multiple linear regression analysis after adjustment for co-variables (including baseline age, change of BMI and waist circumference), FT4 and thyroid feedback quantile-based index (TFQI) in the higher puberty category scores changes (△PCS) group were further reduced compared with those in the low △PCS group ( β =-0.66, -0.55 ). Compared to the late puberty at baseline and follow-up (BLFL) group, FT4 and TFQI showed higher decline in the pre-puberty at baseline and late puberty at follow-up (BPFL) group with the pre-puberty at baseline and end of puberty at follow-up (BPFT) group ( β =-0.55, -0.44)( P <0.05). There were no association of △TSH, △FT3, △FT4/FT3 and TSH index changes (△TSHI) with △PCS or the puberty pattern. Conclusion Serum TSH decreases while serum FT3 and FT4 increase among girls during puberty. Both the initial stage and the velocity of pubertal development are related to thyroid hormone fluctuations.

ObjectiveTo identify and analyze the possible influencing factors of obesity among public primary school students in Minhang District， Shanghai. MethodsBasic data， collected through questionnaire stars， was imported with merged physical examination data into Excel to form a database. Data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS 22.00. Independent sample t-test was used for the data with normal distribution. Nonparametric test was used for the data with non-normal distribution. χ² test was used for the quantitative data. Logistic regression was used for univariate and multivariate analysis. ResultsAccording to the national physical health standards for students （revised in 2014） ， the prevalence rate of obesity among primary school students in Minhang district was 29.63% . The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 32.1% in boys and 26.9% in girls. The trend of overweight and obesity in different grades was similar among different genders .A single factor analysis showed that， being the only child （χ²=9.300， P<0.01） ， father obesity（χ²=106.417， P<0.001） or mother obesity（χ²=118.534， P<0.001） ， mother's overweight during pregnancy （χ²=159.731， P<0.001） ， caregiver's role as grandparents （χ²=38.736， P<0.001） ， low education level （χ²=111.309， P<0.001） had effects on overweight and obesity of children while the differences had statistical significance. Pupil's bad eating habit （χ²=18.905，P<0.001） and preference （χ²=22.901， P<0.001） ， insufficient sleep time （χ²=61.685， P<0.001） ， long-time using of electronic products （χ²=37.182， P<0.001） and low-time of exercise （χ²=15.328， P<0.001） also affected the obesity of primary school students. Among the five factors of family， diet， psychology， static state and dynamic state， the influencing factors of obesity in primary school students from grade one to grade four were being the only child， obese father and/or mother， overweight mother during pregnancy， caregivers without higher education. In terms of diet， it was mainly based on eating habits before bedtime， as well as partial and picky eating habits. In terms of psychology， the main psychological source was the pressure of learning in school. There was a clear relationship between the pace of learning and not keeping up. Static analysis revealed a correlation with lack of sleep. After assigning values based on eye hygiene recommendations for the use of electronic products， it was found that there was no direct correlation between obesity in primary school students and the duration of electronic product use. Dynamic analysis showed that not taking part in school physical exercise was related to obesity. ConclusionThe obesity of primary school students is influenced by family， diet， psychology， static and dynamic factors. The intervention of obesity in primary school needs the joint efforts of school， society， family， self-cognition and so on.