Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Shandong Province,and to provide scientific evidence for formulating prevention and control strategy and carrying out effective measures.Methods Epidemiological data of reported human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and AIDS cases (HIV/AIDS) in Shandong Province from 1992 to 2011 were analyzed.Results A total of 4313 cases of HIV/AIDS were confirmed and reported by the end of 2011,with an average incidence of 2.39 parts per million (ppm) annually.An upward trend was showed for annual reported incidence.The top 5 cities of incidence were Ji'nan,Qingdao,Zibo,Weifang and Weihai,which were 5.72 ppm,4.39 ppm,3.29 ppm,3.10 ppm and 3.02 ppm,respectively.The average annual reported incidence was 3.74 ppm for male,which was significantly higher than that for female (1.39 ppm; x2 =743.96,P＜0.05).The reported incidence was highest among 20-29 age group (5.56 ppm),with 57.18％ of homosexual transmission.The proportion of homosexual transmission in annual reported cases increased from 1.82％ in 2004 to 37.49％ in 2011.Conclusions The epidemic situation of AIDS in Shandong Province is severe,with unbalanced geographical distribution.Sexual transmission is the main route of transmission,and cases of homosexual transmission increase sharply.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the outcome among HIV-infected children following antiretroviral treatment in Shandong province.

METHODSFrom the national AIDS antiviral treatment database during April 2009 and December 2013, 50 children who were according to antiviral treatment in Shandong province were classified as the cases. Regular follow-up observation and test were conducted among children under antiretroviral therapy before treatment,0.5(th), 1(th), 2(th), 3(th), 6(th), 9(th), 12(th) months after treatment, and then one time after every 3 months follow-up after one year. The height and weight of the children under antiretroviral therapy and normal children (2010 national student physical health survey results)were compared during different times. And the height and weight of the follow-up period of situation, the CD4(+)T cell count and viral load, regular physical examination results, the incidence of opportunistic infections were compared with baseline data.

RESULTSAmong the 50 children under antiviral therapy, male accounted for 54.0% (27/50) , female 46.0% (23/50) , the youngest was 2 years of age, the oldest was 15 years old, and all of them were transmitted by the mother-to-child route and none received mother-to-child prevention. The shortest treatment time lasted five months, the longest 61 months, with a median 25 months. The height of the baseline, 12(th), 24(th), 36(th) months after antiviral treatment were ( 111.9 ± 23.4), (118.1 ± 20.9), (127.1 ± 13.9), (135.4 ± 10.2)cm, and weigh were ( 20.6 ± 8.7), (23.8 ± 6.3), (27.8 ± 7.2), (30.7 ± 5.5) kg, respectively. The height and weight of the treated children were higher than those in the baseline (P < 0.05), but lower than those among the children without HIV infection. The CD4(+)T lymphocytes level of the baseline, 3(th), 6(th), 12(th), 24(th), 36(th) months after antiviral treatment were 224.0, 279.5, 465.0, 581.0, 640.0, 728.0/µl, the CD4(+)T lymphocytes level after antiviral treatment were higher than the baseline (P < 0.05). Hemoglobin and AST were significantly different between children received treatment after 24 months and those in the baseline (P < 0.05), baseline and 24(th) months after treatment the hemoglobin value were (106.6 ± 22.2), (125.2 ± 5.8), and the AST measurements were (42.1 ± 23.1), (23.4 ± 15.6). Baseline and 12(th), 24(th) months after treatment, the median of viral load were 10 000.0, 105.0,0.0 copies/ml , and the ratio of viral load ≤ 400 copies/ml were 50% (4/8) , 65% (22/34) , 88% (14/16) , respectively, the results of viral load had significant difference among 12(th), 24(th) months after antiviral treatment and baseline (P < 0.05). The incidence of opportunistic infections was 62% (31/50) before treatment, and 12% (6/50) after the antiviral therapy.

CONCLUSIONAntiviral therapy can effectively improve the immunity and reduce the incidence of opportunistic infections which is helpful to improve the quality of life among HIV-infected children following antiretroviral treatment in Shandong province.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Adolescent ; Anti-HIV Agents ; Body Height ; Body Weight ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Female ; HIV Infections ; Humans ; Male ; Quality of Life ; Treatment Outcome ; Viral Load

The AIDS epidemic in men who have sex wlth men (MSM) in recent years showed a sharp upward trend, looking for behavioral intervention strategies should be imperative. Fear appeals by fear prompted intervention received intervention information, provide a new breakthrough to achieve better effect of propaganda and intervention. After over 70 years development, the Fear Appeal generated from the driver model that proposed the fear decided the effectiveness of behavior intervention, to the extended parallel process model theory which integrated protection motivation theory and parallel process theory, both of which believed the fear is just one of the estimators, suggested fear is the key factor. The fear appeal theory is turning to be even more comprehensive and accurate. As an important theoretical basement, the fear appeal is still developing, and need more work to make it perfection.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; prevention & control ; psychology ; Fear ; Health Promotion ; methods ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Male

Objective: To survey the prevalence of drug resistant HIV-1 in Shandong province in 2013-2015. Methods: WHO truncated sequential sampling technique was adopted by using 77 and 53 samples of newly diagnosed as HIV-1 positive and aged 16-25 years in Shandong province in 2013 and 2015. RNA was prepared and HIV-1 pol region was amplified by RT-PCR and nested PCR. Pol genetic mutation associated with drug resistance was analyzed. Results: The success rates for sequence acquisition of the survey were 100% (77/77) and 94% (50/53) in 2013 and 2015, and the main subtype was CRF01_AE. A total of 2 surveillance drug-resistance mutation(SDRMs) and 3 SDRMs were found by analyzing the 47 sequences each year, sampled in 2013 and 2015, indicating that the prevalence of drug resistant HIV-1 stains was low in 2013, and moderate in 2015. A total of 5 individuals with drug resistant HIV-1 stains found in this study were mainly infected by homosexual transmission (3 cases), and the other two samples were different: one was infected by heterosexual transmission, the other was infected by IDU. The subtype was CRF01_AE (2 cases) , CRF07_BC (2 cases) and B (1 case) . SDRMs for protease inhibitor (PIs), nucleotide HIV-reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTIs) and non-NRTI (NNRTIs) were all found in the individuals with drug resistant HIV-1 stains. Conclusion CRF01_AE were the main HIV-1 subtypes of recently reported HIV-infected individuals in Shandong province, and the HIV-1 drug resistant strains transmission was catalogued as at low and moderate prevalence level in 2013 and 2015.

Objective To analyze the outcome among HIV-infected children following antiretroviral treatment in Shandong province.Methods From the national AIDS antiviral treatment database during April 2009 and December 2013,50 children who were according to antiviral treatment in Shandong province were classified as the cases .Regular follow-up observation and test were conducted among children under antiretroviral therapy before treatment,0.5th,1th,2th,3th,6th,9th,12th months after treatment, and then one time after every 3 months follow-up after one year.The height and weight of the children under antiretroviral therapy and normal children ( 2010 national student physical health survey results ) were compared during different times.And the height and weight of the follow-up period of situation , the CD4 +T cell count and viral load, regular physical examination results , the incidence of opportunistic infections were compared with baseline data.Results Among the 50 children under antiviral therapy , male accounted for 54.0%(27/50), female 46.0%(23/50),the youngest was 2 years of age, the oldest was 15 years old, and all of them were transmitted by the mother-to-child route and none received mother-to-child prevention.The shortest treatment time lasted five months , the longest 61 months, with a median 25 months.The height of the baseline, 12th,24th,36th months after antiviral treatment were ( 111.9 ±23.4), (118.1 ±20.9), (127.1 ±13.9), (135.4 ±10.2) cm,and weigh were ( 20.6 ±8.7), (23.8 ±6.3),(27.8 ±7.2), (30.7 ±5.5) kg,respectively.The height and weight of the treated children were higher than those in the baseline ( P <0.05 ) , but lower than those among the children without HIV infection.The CD4 +T lymphocytes level of the baseline , 3th,6th,12th,24th,36th months after antiviral treatment were 224.0,279.5, 465.0,581.0,640.0,728.0 /μl ,the CD4 +T lymphocytes level after antiviral treatment were higher than the baseline(P<0.05).Hemoglobin and AST were significantly different between children received treatment after 24 months and those in the baseline ( P <0.05 ) , baseline and 24 th months after treatment the hemoglobin value were (106.6 ±22.2),(125.2 ±5.8),and the AST measurements were (42.1 ±23.1), (23.4 ±15.6).Baseline and 12th,24th months after treatment, the median of viral load were 10 000.0, 105.0,0.0 copies/ml , and the ratio of viral load ≤400 copies/ml were 50%(4/8),65%(22/34),88%(14/16), respectively, the results of viral load had significant difference among 12th, 24th months after antiviral treatment and baseline ( P<0.05 ).The incidence of opportunistic infections was 62% ( 31/50 ) before treatment, and 12%(6/50) after the antiviral therapy.Conclusion Antiviral therapy can effectively improve the immunity and reduce the incidence of opportunistic infections which is helpful to improve the quality of life among HIV-infected children following antiretroviral treatment in Shandong province.

The AIDS epidemic in men who have sex wlth men (MSM) in recent years showed a sharp upward trend, looking for behavioral intervention strategies should be imperative. Fear appeals by fear prompted intervention received intervention information, provide a new breakthrough to achieve better effect of propaganda and intervention. After over 70 years development,the Fear Appeal generated from the driver model that proposed the fear decided the effectiveness of behavior intervention, to the extended parallel process model theory which integrated protection motivation theory and parallel process theory, both of which believed the fear is just one of the estimators, suggested fear is the key factor. The fear appeal theory is turning to be even more comprehensive and accurate. As an important theoretical basement, the fear appeal is still developing, and need more work to make it perfection.

Objective To analyze the outcome among HIV-infected children following antiretroviral treatment in Shandong province.Methods From the national AIDS antiviral treatment database during April 2009 and December 2013,50 children who were according to antiviral treatment in Shandong province were classified as the cases .Regular follow-up observation and test were conducted among children under antiretroviral therapy before treatment,0.5th,1th,2th,3th,6th,9th,12th months after treatment, and then one time after every 3 months follow-up after one year.The height and weight of the children under antiretroviral therapy and normal children ( 2010 national student physical health survey results ) were compared during different times.And the height and weight of the follow-up period of situation , the CD4 +T cell count and viral load, regular physical examination results , the incidence of opportunistic infections were compared with baseline data.Results Among the 50 children under antiviral therapy , male accounted for 54.0%(27/50), female 46.0%(23/50),the youngest was 2 years of age, the oldest was 15 years old, and all of them were transmitted by the mother-to-child route and none received mother-to-child prevention.The shortest treatment time lasted five months , the longest 61 months, with a median 25 months.The height of the baseline, 12th,24th,36th months after antiviral treatment were ( 111.9 ±23.4), (118.1 ±20.9), (127.1 ±13.9), (135.4 ±10.2) cm,and weigh were ( 20.6 ±8.7), (23.8 ±6.3),(27.8 ±7.2), (30.7 ±5.5) kg,respectively.The height and weight of the treated children were higher than those in the baseline ( P <0.05 ) , but lower than those among the children without HIV infection.The CD4 +T lymphocytes level of the baseline , 3th,6th,12th,24th,36th months after antiviral treatment were 224.0,279.5, 465.0,581.0,640.0,728.0 /μl ,the CD4 +T lymphocytes level after antiviral treatment were higher than the baseline(P<0.05).Hemoglobin and AST were significantly different between children received treatment after 24 months and those in the baseline ( P <0.05 ) , baseline and 24 th months after treatment the hemoglobin value were (106.6 ±22.2),(125.2 ±5.8),and the AST measurements were (42.1 ±23.1), (23.4 ±15.6).Baseline and 12th,24th months after treatment, the median of viral load were 10 000.0, 105.0,0.0 copies/ml , and the ratio of viral load ≤400 copies/ml were 50%(4/8),65%(22/34),88%(14/16), respectively, the results of viral load had significant difference among 12th, 24th months after antiviral treatment and baseline ( P<0.05 ).The incidence of opportunistic infections was 62% ( 31/50 ) before treatment, and 12%(6/50) after the antiviral therapy.Conclusion Antiviral therapy can effectively improve the immunity and reduce the incidence of opportunistic infections which is helpful to improve the quality of life among HIV-infected children following antiretroviral treatment in Shandong province.

The AIDS epidemic in men who have sex wlth men (MSM) in recent years showed a sharp upward trend, looking for behavioral intervention strategies should be imperative. Fear appeals by fear prompted intervention received intervention information, provide a new breakthrough to achieve better effect of propaganda and intervention. After over 70 years development,the Fear Appeal generated from the driver model that proposed the fear decided the effectiveness of behavior intervention, to the extended parallel process model theory which integrated protection motivation theory and parallel process theory, both of which believed the fear is just one of the estimators, suggested fear is the key factor. The fear appeal theory is turning to be even more comprehensive and accurate. As an important theoretical basement, the fear appeal is still developing, and need more work to make it perfection.

Objective: To understand the survival status of AIDS patients after initiation of antiretroviral treatment (ART) in Shandong province during 2003 to 2017, and to determine the factors associated with survival status. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among AIDS patients initially received antiretroviral therapy from 2003 to 2017. The epidemiological characteristics of the subjects were described, and life tables were used to estimate the survival rates, the influencing factors were analyzed by Cox regression model. Results: A total of 9 813 cases were enrolled in this study, of the subjects, the median age was 34.9±11.0 years. The median of baseline CD4+ T lymphocyte count was 300.0(P₂₅-P₇₅: 163.0, 428.0)cells/μl, and 83.2% of them were at clinical stage Ⅰ (World Health Organization, WHO). The cumulative survival rates were 97.7%, 96.7%, 95.8% and 93.7%, 1, 3, 5, and 10 years after the initiation of ART respectively. Multivariate Cox regression model analysis showed that the risk of the mortality among those infected through homosexual behavior was 38% lower than that of patients infected via blood or other routes, and HR was 0.62 (95%CI: 0.43-0.89). Higher education level had lower mortality risk(the mortality risk of those with university degree or above was lower, compared to those with primary and lower cultural level, HR=0.41, 95%CI: 0.26-0.65). At baseline, AIDS patients at clinical stage Ⅰ(WHO) had lower mortality risk than those who were at clinical stageⅡ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ(WHO). Lower baseline CD4+ T lymphocyte count had higher mortality risk. Conclusions Survival rate was higher after initial antiretroviral therapy among AIDS patients in Shandong province. CD4+ T lymphocyte count level, WHO clinical stage, and presence or absence of clinical symptoms at baseline are the main factors influencing the survival time of AIDS patients after ART.

A survey was conducted to analyze the HIV testing status and related influencing factors of male sexually transmitted diseases(STD) patients attending 18 county-level hospitals in Shandong Province from July 2015 to August 2016. The HIV detection rate of 1 570 subjects was 77.58% (1 218/1 570), and the HIV-antibody positive rate was 0.99% (12/1 218). Compared with general hospitals patients, urinary and anorectal patients, non-sexual patients, and patients with negative attitudes toward HIV testing, patients were more likely to be tested for HIV from specialized hospitals (OR=3.74, 95%CI:2.53-5.54), the skin and venereal section (OR=1.92, 95%CI: 1.31-2.79), the STD group (OR=2.02, 95%CI: 1.34-3.03) and patients with positive attitude (OR=15.20, 95%CI:10.74-21.52).