Objective To assess boron intake through food and drinking water for the people living in the boron industrial area.Methods Workers from boron mining and processing plants were selected as the exposure group,the other workers from the area where was near to the boron industrial area were selected as the community control group and peoples from the area where was far from boron industrial area were selected as the background control group,all the subjects were healthy adult men,Jul.2003-Sep.2004.Total 24 h food and drinking water of the subjects were collected,the boron concentrations and daily boron intake were analyzed.Results Boron concentrations of drinking water for the workers from boron mining area,community control group and background control group were 2.05,0.86 and 0.05 mg/L respectively;the food boron concentrations of the three groups were 9.46,6.19 and 3.29 mg/kg(DW)respectively;and daily boron intake through food and water were 8.00,4.25 and 1.40 mg/d respectively.The workers drinking the water from the staff canteen well and having dinner in this canteen had 95.5-469 mg/d boron exposure through food and water with average of 219.0 mg/L which was much higher than that of the other people and even closed to the LOAEL(lowest observed adverse effect level)of animals.Conclusion The risk of boron exposure for workers from boron mining and processing area is much higher than that of the other people.

AIM: To establish a HPLC-ELSD method for determining ophiopogonin D and ophiopogonin D′ in Fibre Ophiopogon enriched extract by macroporous resin. METHODS: The determination was performed by HPLC-ELSD on APOLLO C_(18) column(100 A,5 ?,4.6 mm?250 mm),using acetonitrile-H_2O(50∶50) as a mobile phase,flow rate was at 1.0 mL/min,column temperature was at 25℃,detector:ELSD(Neu:70℃,Eva:90℃,gas flow:1.5 SLM). RESULTS: The linear range of ophiopogonin D was 4.424-22.12 ?g,r=0.999 7,The average recovery was 97.6%,RSD=1.51%.The linear range of ophiopogonin D′ was 3.848-19.24 ?g,r=0.999 8.The average recovery was 98.4%,RSD=4.8%. CONCLUSION: The method is convenient,sensitive and accurate.

Object To optimize the best extraction of the total saponins in the root of Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb.) Ker-Gawl. (RO). Methods The extract condition of total saponins in RO was observed by orthogonal design with ophiopogonis D as index. Results The optimum extract condition of RO was established. The more effective way was to smash RO to 5-10 mesh and extract total saponins in RO with ten times amount of 80% alcohol thrice by refluxing, one hour each time. Conclusion The total saponins in RO could be fully extracted in this condition.

An online enrichment-separation system of C18 and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP/MS) with flow injection （C18-FI-ICP/MS） was established for the determination of trace heavy metals in seawater. The optimized experimental parameters including pH，C18 column，concentration of methol in elute and the velocity of elute were investigated. This system was applied to the online preconcentration , separation and determination of trace heave metals in seawater samples successfully. The detection limit　(3σ) for Cd, Pb, Co, Ni and Zn was 0.03, 0.09, 0.1, 0.1, 0.3 μg/L respectively. The RSD of Cd, Pb, Co, Ni, and Zn for six measurements of seawater was 6.8%，3.4%，1.3%，2.6%，0.5%，respectively. The accuracy was verified with spiked recovery test. The recovery for five elements was 91.3%，95.1%，100.4%，100.3%，95.2%, respectively.

OBJECTIVE: To prepare Oxymatrine enteric-coated pellets.METHODS: The coating conditions such as the rotation speed,the coating temperature as well as the pressure of spray gun were optimized through single factor experiment;the properties of different coating solutions of resins were compared to optimize the coating material.The enteric-coated pellets were prepared by bed coating technology.The coating effect was evaluated by the dissolution in vitro. RESULTS: The optimal coating conditions were as follows: the rotation speed of the coating pan was 50 r?min-1,the coating temperature was 30 ℃,the pressure of spray gun was 0.10 MPa;the coating material was polyacrylic resin(Huzhou Ⅲ).The in vitro dissolution of the enteric-coated pellets prepared by the bed coating technology met the requirements specified in the Chinese Pharmacopeia(2005 edition).CONCLUSION: By using the bed coating technology,the enteric-coated pellets with good dissolution in vitro can be obtained.

AIM: To explore the effect of drug content and encapsulated efficency of microsphere ophiopogon saponin preparation, providing more precise computational method. METHODS: Ophiopogon saponin enteric microsphere was prepared by spray drying technique, and the sum of saponin was determined by colorimetric analysis to evaluate the drug content and encapsulated efficency. RESULTS: The encapsulated efficency (%) was 94.75? 2.68. The drug content (mg/g) was 54.81? 2.12. CONCLUSION: The drug content the encapsulated efficency can affect the clinical dosage and the encapsulated efficency stands for the preparation process and the quality. So we should detect both drug content and the encapsulated efficency to evaluate preparation quality evaluation.

Objective To observe the effects of mitochondrial protectant on hippocampal mito-chondrial function and synaptic plasticity in isoflurane-anesthesia aged mice.Methods Forty-eight fif-teen-month-old male C57BL/6 mice were equally divided into 4 groups (n=12):oxygen+normal sa-line (group CN),oxygen+SS-31 (group CS),isoflurane+normal saline (group IN),and isoflurane+SS-31 (group IS).SS-31(5 mg/kg)or normal saline was intraperitoneally administered with a vol-ume of 0.4 ml/kg 30 min before gas inhalation.After two hours gas inhalation,the hippocampus was removed to determine complex Ⅰ-Ⅳ activities,adenosine triphosphate (ATP)and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP)levels from isolated mitochondria,and measure the content of synapsin-1,PSD-95,NMDAR2A,NMDAR2B,CaMKⅡα and CaMKⅡβ.Results Compared with the group IN,complex Ⅰ activity,ATP and MMP levels were increased,synapsin-1 and PSD-95 were up-regu-lated,whereas NMDAR2B,CaMK Ⅱα and CaMK Ⅱβ were down-regulated in the group IS (P <0.05).No significant difference was observed in the complex Ⅱ-Ⅳ activities and NMDAR2A expres-sion.Conclusion Mitochondrial protectant SS-31 attenuates isoflurane-induced mitochondrial dysfunc-tion and neuron synaptic plasticity impairments in aged mice.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of maternal peripheral blood fetal DNA, creatine kinase (CK), and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in pregnant women with placenta previa complicated with adhesion or implantation.Methods:From April 2018 to April 2019, 72 patients with placenta previa confirmed by cesarean section in Chengde Central Hospital were retrospectively collected. Among them, 23 patients complicated with placental adhesion were enrolled in the placenta adhesion group, 19 patients complicated with placenta implantation were in the placenta implantation group, and 30 patients with simple placenta previa were in the simple placenta previa group. The amount of fetal DNA, CK and AFP in maternal peripheral blood were measured at 20 to 27 weeks of gestation. The general data of the three groups, the amount of fetal DNA in maternal peripheral blood, CK and AFP were compared. The value of the amount of fetal DNA, CK, and AFP in maternal peripheral blood for predivting placenta previa were analyzed. At the same time, the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes was counted, and patients were divided into adverse pregnancy outcomes group and good pregnancy outcomes group according to pregnancy outcomes. The fetal DNA amount, CK and AFP levels in the maternal peripheral blood of the two were compared, and the factors affecting the adverse pregnancy outcome of placenta previa were analyzed.Results:The levels of fetal DNA, CK and AFP in the maternal peripheral blood of the placenta implantation group were significantly higher than those of the placenta adhesion group and the simple placenta previa group: (1 018.96 ± 442.15) copies/ml vs. (659.27 ± 320.26) copies/ml and (390.64 ± 102.53) copies/ml , (103.54 ± 26.39) U/L vs. (88.30 ± 20.65) U/L and (62.78 ± 15.84) U/L, (319.65 ± 62.14) μg/L vs. (284.62 ± 55.96) and (232.64 ± 48.62) μg/L, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). The amount of fetal DNA in maternal peripheral blood was positively correlated with CK and AFP ( r = 0.899 and 0.769, P<0.01), and CK was positively correlated with AFP ( r = 0.782, P<0.01). The AUC of maternal peripheral blood fetal DNA in predicting placenta previa complicated with placenta adhesion was 0.842, and the sensitivity and specificity were 78.26% and 83.33% respectively. The levels of fetal DNA, CK and AFP in maternal peripheral blood of patients with adverse pregnancy outcomes were higher than those of patients with good pregnancy outcomes: (928.64 ± 257.73) copies/ml vs. (460.02 ± 188.95) copies/ml, (105.83 ± 26.88) U/L vs. (66.33 ± 20.39) U/L and (292.52 ± 58.39) μg/L vs. (259.29 ± 42.65) μg/L, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Placenta adhesion, placenta implantation, postpartum hemorrhage, maternal peripheral blood fetal DNA, CK and AFP levels were influential factors for the adverse pregnancy outcome of placenta previa ( OR = 3.544, 4.183, 3.413, 3.222, 3.109 and 3.313, 95% CI 1.905 to 6.593, 2.401 to 7.286, 1.832 to 6.359, 1.729 to 6.005, 1.659 to 5.827 and 1.831 to 5.994, P<0.01). Conclusions:The amount of fetal DNA, CK and AFP in maternal peripheral blood have a certain predictive value in placenta previa complicated with placental adhesion or implantation, and are closely related to the pregnancy outcome of patients with placenta previa. Early detection of the above indicators will help clinically to formulate reasonable intervention measures and promote the improvement of pregnancy outcomes.

AIM: To study the mechanism of diabetic cardiomyopathy and abnormality of oxygen free radicals. METHODS: The contents of myocardial cytosolic cytochrome C, mitochondria cytochrome C, mitochondrial calcium, NO, MDA and the activity of SOD and NOS were determined in diabetic rats induced by STZ. The pathological changes were observed under transmission electron microscope. RESULTS: Compared to the normal and ganoderma group, the levels of mitochondrial NO, iNOS, MDA, calcium and plasma Cyt-C in rat myocardium were higher (P<0.05), while mitochondrial Cyt-C and SOD were lowered in model group (P<0.05). The bouncary indistinct, disorganization, a focal loss of muscular fibril, myocardium mitochondria swelling, pulmonary vascular endothelial cellular swelling and obstructed lumen of the capillary were also observed under transmission electronic microscope. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that oxyradical and lipid peroxidation might be associated with the damage of myocardial mitochondria in NIDDM rats. Cyt-C and mitochondrial calcium is also involved in the process.

Objective:To evaluate the differential diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) based on CT signs.Methods:Retrospective analysis was performed on 156 patients with PTC confirmed by surgery and pathology in the Imaging Department of Jinhua Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University College of Medicine from Jan. 2017 to Jan. 2022 as PTC group, and 132 patients with nodular goiter (NG) as NG group. There were 112 females and 45 males in the PTC group. The age was (49.32±3.25) years. There were 104 females and 52 males in NG group. The age was (50.12±3.27) years. Preoperative plain and contrast-enhanced CT scans were performed to analyze the features of the images, and univariate analysis was performed on the morphologic features, high tension, plain "bite cake sign" , enhanced "bite cake sign" , microcalcification, blurred/reduced scope after enhancement, nodule density, and asymmetric diffuse enlargement of thyroid gland. Statistically significant factors were included in the multivariate Logistic regression analysis, and the differential model of PTC was established according to the selected risk factors. The value of the model in the differential diagnosis of PTC was evaluated by ROC curve.Results:The percentages of irregular shape, no high tension, plain scan "bite cake sign" , enhanced "bite cake sign" , microcalcification, enhanced blur/reduced scope, uniform nodule density, completely slightly low tissue density, no cystic degeneration, and asymmetric thyroid diffuse enlargement in PTC group were higher than those in NG group ( χ2=161.014, 3.387, 95.885, 151.331, 60) . 200, 18.104, 105.260, 16.855, 89.064, 16.913, P<0.05) , suggesting that the above CT signs had important diagnostic value in differentiating PTC and NG. Among the single CT signs, plain scan "bite cake sign" had the highest sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. The sensitivity of PTC diagnosis combined with other signs gradually decreased, while the specificity gradually increased. At the same time, plain scan "bite cake sign" and microcalcification signs had high specificity in PTC identification, and the specificity of PTC identification reached 100.00% when any 4 or more signs were present. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis. The results showed that irregular morphology ( OR=15.831, 95% CI: 7.444-33.670) , high tension ( OR=0.162, 95% CI: 0.108-0.242) , plain scan "bite cake sign" ( OR=5.601, 95% CI: 2.691-11.659) , microcalcification ( OR=4.031, 95% CI: 2.062-7.880) , edge blur/range reduction after enhancement ( OR=4.761, 95% CI: 3.126-7.260) , uniform density of nodules ( OR=4.778, 95% CI: 3.299-6.290) and increased asymmetric diffusion ( OR=3.758, 95% CI: 1.911-7.391) were important signs for distinguishing NG from PTC ( P<0.05) . The above factors were incorporated into the Logistic regression equation to construct the model, and then the ROC curve was drawn. The results showed that the area under the curve of the model established based on CT signs was 0.94 (0.925-0.983) , and the sensitivity and specificity were 90.37% and 91.45%, respectively. Conclusions:In CT signs, irregular shape, high tension, "biting cake sign" on plain scan, microcalcification, blurred edge/scope reduction signs after enhancement, and uniform nodule density are important signs for differentiating papillary thyroid carcinoma from nodular goiter. The constructed model has good predictive value for identifying papillary thyroid carcinoma.