Objective To evaluate the current sanitary situation of the rural household latrine and the effects of decontamination of the feces in some epidemic areas of schistosome in Hubei province.Methods Six villages(4 villages with the sanitary latrines,2 villages with the non-sanitary latrines) were chosen for the investigation and 30 latrines were selected randomly in each village in September of 2007.The structure of the latrine and the situation of the faecal treatment were investigated by questionnaires.At the same time,the feces samples were collected and detected according to the related sanitary standards.Results The rate of the sanitary latrines without maggots,pupas and flies was 95%,while the rate of the non-sanitary latrines with the same situation was 33.33%.After non-hazardous treatment in the three-case-cesspool and the firedamp latrines,the qualified rates of the roundworm eggs were 95.6% and 98.6% respectively;the qualified rates of fecal coliform were both 100%;no schistosome eggs,the alive schistosome eggs and the alive roundworm eggs were detected.The morbidity rate of schistosomiasis of the villages with the sanitary latrines was 43.7%,lower than those with the non-sanitary latrines.Conclusion The faecal treatment of the rural household latrine in epidemic areas of schistosome can improve the sanitation and kill the pathogens in faeces effectively,and also can decrease the morbidity rate of schistosomiasis obviously.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of nutritional intervention and individualized nursing on nutritional risk, undernutrition and quality of life (QOL) in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients with peritoneal dialysis. MethodsA total of 104 ESRD patients with peritoneal dialysis who met the inclusion criteria of the protocol were enrolled and randomized to receive nutritional intervention plus individualized nursing ( study group, n =52 analyzed) or self-diet plus routine nursing ( control group, n =50 analyzed) for 6 months. Nutritional risk, anthropometry, and QOL of the two groups were analyzed pre- and post-nutritional intervention. ResultsBaseline data were comparable in the two groups. Prevalences of nutritional risk and undernutrition in study group were significant lower than those in control group after the intervention ( nutritional risk: 32.6％ vs. 56.0％, P =0.028 ;undernutrition: 15.4％ vs. 34.0％, P =0.038). The decrease of grip strength in study group between pre- and post-study was significantly less than that in control group [( - 1.6 ± 0.9 ) kg vs. ( - 9.9 ± 1.4 ) kg, P =0.001], but there were no significant differences in other parameters related to anthropometry, including triceps skin-fold thickness, upper arm circumference, and arm muscle circumference ( all P ＞ 0.05 ). The QOL score significantly increased in study group after intervention but decreased in control group. The differences of renal disease and dialysis-related scores ( △KDTA: 2.5 ± 4.4 vs.- 7.9 ± 7.4, P =0.001 ) and general condition scores (△SF-36 : 3.4 ±4.1 vs.- 6.8 ± 6.3, P =0.001 ) before and after intervention were significantly different between two groups. ConclusionNutrition intervention and individualized nursing may help to improve the nutritional status and QOL in ESRD patients with peritoneal dialysis.

Objective To investigate the effect of employing achievement management in nursing management of urology department.Method The results of assessments were linked to the achievements by regulating achievement-oriented distribution and assessment methods.Results The degree in patients' satisfaction with nursing service and the score on nursing quality assessment were both significantly improved compared to pre-performance of achievement-oriented distribution and assessment(P<0.01). Conclusion The achievement-oriented management may be effective in mobilizing nurses' working enthusiasm and increase quality of care,which guarantees fundamental nursing care.

Objective To investigate the effects of propofol on the spontaneous transient outward K+ currents in mouse cerebral arterial smooth muscle cells.Methods Kunming mice of both sexes,weighing 18-22 g,were used in this study.Vascular smooth muscle cells were freshly isolated from cerebral arteries in two steps.Five cells were chosen and studied.When holding potential was - 30 mV,spontaneous transient outward K+ currents were recorded before and after the application of 56 μmol/L propofol by perforated whole-cell patch-clamp technique.The amplitude,frequency,area under the curve and half time width of spontaneous transient outward K+ currents were analyzed.Results Propofol 56 μmol/L significantly increased the amplitude,frequency and area under the curve of spontaneous transient outward K+ currents.There was no significant change in the half time width of spontaneous transient outward K+ currents after administration,Conclusion Propofol can activate spontaneous transient outward K+ currents in mouse cerebral arterial smooth muscle cells,and thus induces vascular smooth muscle relaxation.

Objectives:To evaluate the effect of different teeth arrangement methods on the masticatory efficiency of complete dentures.Methods: Three complete dentures for each of ten edentulous patients were made respectively by using maxillary teeth arrangement,mandibular teeth arrangement and comprehensive teeth arrangement methods.After three months of wearing,the masticatory efficiency of the three complete dentures was tested by light absorption method,and was compared to that of dentulous subjects.Results:The masticatory stroke and masticatory efficiency in denture wearing group were fewer and weaker than those in dentulous group in either bilateral mastication or unilateral mastication. Good masticatory efficiency was gained after three months of wearing the complete dentures made by the three different teeth arrangement methods.There were no significant difference in the masticatory stroke and masticatory efficiency of complete dentures made by mandibular teeth arrangement and comprehensive teeth arrangement methods,but they were both higher than those made by maxillary teeth arrangement method.Conclusions:The complete dentures made by mandibular teeth arrangement method and comprehensive teeth arrangement method are feasible for restoration of masticatory efficiency of endentulous patients.

Objective To investigate the expression level of RECK-mRNA and MMP-9-mRNA in breast cancer(BC) and fibroadenoma tissues and its significance.Methods The mRNA level of tissues of 39 cases of breast cancer and 14 cases of fibroadenoma was measured by RT-PCR technique and its correlation was analyzed.Results The mRNA level of RECK gene in breast cancer tissues was markedly lower than that in fibroadenoma tissues,while the MMP-9 level was higher in BC tissues.Conclusions RECK is a tumor suppressor gene, the expression in benign and malignant breast tissues is a negative relationship.BECK can inhibit the expression of MMP-9 and thus,inhibit the growth and metastasis of breast cancer.

Objective Porphyromonas gingivalis(Pg)is one of the main putative pathogens of periodontal disease,espcially of adult periodontitis. This in vitro study was aimed at observing the inhibition actions of 3 kinds of antimicrobial drugs on Pg. Methods 106 stains of Pg were isolated from subgingival plaques with adult periodontitis. The agar diffusion test was used to detect the inhibition actions of metronidazole,clindamycin and tinidazole on 106 stains of Pg. Results Their MIC was respectively:0. 25mg/L,0. 6rng/L. The MIC90 of tinidazole＜MIC90 of clindamycin. The results showed:all of metroidazole, tinidazole and clindamycin can be used effectively against Pg,clindarnycin and tinidazole showed more potent antibacterial activity than metronidazole. The different concentration of Pg-liquid (l05 CFU/ml, 106 CFU/ml and 108 CFU/ml) had not influenced the results. Couclusion This study is significant to antibiotical therapy of periodontal diseases.

Objective To investigate the relationship between various stages of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and lipid metabolism and its influencing factors.Methods Seventy-two cases of chronic hepatitis B (CHB),40 cases of liver cirrhosis and 17 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were enrolled.One-way ANOVA analyses were used to compare age,gender,liver function,lipid metabolism,and HBV DNA levels of each group.Pearson correlation analysis was used to study the correlation between HBV DNA and lipid metabolism.Binary Logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the risk factors of cirrhosis and HCC in patients with CHB.Results Differences of age,alanine aminotransferase (ALT),albumin (Alb),triglyceride (TG),and cholesterol(CHO) among the three groups (CHB group,cirrhosis group and HCC group) were statistically significant (all P＜0.05).TG levels in cirrhosis and HCC groups were (-0.061± 0.234)lg mmol/L and (-0.061±0.253) lg mmol/L,respectively,which were both significantly lower than that of the CHB group (0.116±0.182) lg mmol/L (F=11.466,P=0.000).CHO level in cirrhosis group was (0.460±0.333) lg mmol/L,which was lower than that in CHB group (0.586±0.101) lg mmol/L (F=4.892,P=0.009).The HBV DNA levels inversely correlated with TG and CHO levels in CHB group (r=-0.266,P=0.024; r=-0.309,P=0.008,respectively).The HBV DNA levels of cirrhosis and HCC patients positively correlated with ALT levels (r=0.355,P =0.007).Old age (OR=1.096,95％CI:1.025-1.172),low Alb (OR=0.000,95％CI:0.000-0.000),and low levels of ALT (OR=0.128,95％CI:0.026-0.641) were risk factors for development of cirrhosis and HCC in CHB patients (all P＜0.05).Conclusions With the progression of liver injuries,TG and CHO levels are reduced.Further studies of correlation between risk factors for the development of cirrhosis and HCC and lipid metabolism in CHB patients are needed.

Objective This study aimed to analyze the clinical features of novel H7N9 avian influenza virus infection in human and its prognosis after integrative treatment.Methods Eighteen H7N9 infected patients were admitted to Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center from 5 April 2013 to 19 April 2013,and were divided into mild group (8 cases) and severe group (10 cases) based on their baseline disease conditions.Patients in mild group were administered modified Yinqiao powder and Shengjiang powder,while patients in severe group were administered modified Qinwen Baidu Decoction or Xuanbai Chengqi Decoction,in addition to antiviral,anti infection,glucocorticoids and human immunoglobulin treatment in both groups.Baseline characteristics and outcomes of these patients were analyzed,and factors associated with prognosis were also evaluated.Measurement data were compared by t test or rank sum test,categorical variables were compared by chi square test or Fisher exact test.Factors associated with prognosis were evaluated by Logistic regression analysis.Results Compared to mild group,patients in severe group suffered from a significantly elevated C reactive protein [(102.61± 30.80) mg/L vs (38.44± 22.31) mg/L; t=4.717,P＜0.01],and significantly lowered CD3+,CD4+,CD8+ and CD45+T cell levels (all P＜0.05).Compared to regimens with glucocorticoids and human immunoglobulin,traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) contained therapy achieved a higher recovery rate in H7N9 infected patients,but with no statistical significance (P＞0.05).Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that myoglobin might be a risk factor associated with prognosis of H7N9 infection (P =0.029),and rnultivariable analysis showed that high levels of myoglobin might be negatively related to the prognosis of H7N9-infected patients,But with no statistical significance (P＝0.053).Conclusions Severe H7N9-infected patients suffer from active inflammation and lowered T cell mediated immune response.Integrative therapy is effective for novel H7N9 avian influenza virus infection,and helps to improve the outcomes of infected patients.

Objective To establish nude mice model of bone metastasis of breast cancer,and study the best method to evaluate the model.Methods The human breast cancer cell,MDA-MB-231PEGFPN,was injected into left ventricule of nude mice to construct the bone metastasis of breast cancer animal model.Methods of X-ray,whole body optical imaging and pathology were used to evaluate the bone damage after six weeks.Results After six weeks,the result of pathology showed that breast cancer cells had already spread to brain,bone marrow and lung of nude mice.The degree of bone destruction was seen clearly in X-ray,and location of breast cancer cells was observed by whole body optical imaging system.Conclusions The results showed that combined application of X-ray,whole body optical imaging and pathology are the best modalities to evaluate bone metastasis of breast cancer in nude mice.