Objective To observe the therapeutic efficacy and postoperative complications of combined surgery and sequential surgery in treating proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and cataract.Methods The cilinical data of 59 patients (66 eyes) with PDR were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into combined-surgery group and sequential-surgery group.Combined surgery was performed on patients with obvious lens opacity which was an obstacle to the ocular fundus surgery,while sequential surgery was performed on the patients with transparent lens or lens with light opacity on which ocular fundus surgery could be performed.Lens excision in cataractopoiesis could only be performed when the state of ocular fundus was stable and cataractopoiesis was the main cause of vision damage.A total of 28 patients (32 eyes) in combined-surgery group underwent vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsification and IOL implantation;31 patients (34 eyes) in sequential-surgery group underwent vitrectomy,lens excision and IOL implantation.Corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and complications were observed.The mean follow-up period was (25±8.5) months.The measurement data were analyzed with t test and enumeration data with 2 test.Results In combined-surgery group,visual acuity improvement was achieved in 27 eyes (84.4%),remained unchanged in 2 eyes (6.3%) and decreased in 3 eyes (9.4 %).In sequential-surgery group,visual acuity improved in 26 eyes (76.5%),remained unchanged in 2 eyes(5.8%)and decreased in 6 eyes (17.7%.).However,anterior chamber fibrin exudation occurred in 4 eyes in the combined-surgery group and no eyes in the sequential-surgery group;compared with each other,the difference is statistically significant (χ2=4.524,P=0.033).Conclusion Combined surgery and sequential surgery are all safe and effective on treating PDR and postoperative complications have no obvious correlation with the surgery procedure.

The incidence of high myopia has increased yearly, which has been an area of focus for investigation. The complications of high myopia are contributing factors to blindness,such as posterior staphyloma, chorio-retinal atrophy, choroidal neovascularization, optic nerve head and macular defects. The study of histological changes helps clarify the mechanism. With the development of modern technology such as spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and enhanced depth imaging-technique, histological changes in high myopia can be measured accurately. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on various pathologic changes, including in sclera, Choroid/Bruch's membrane, optic nerve, vitreous and retina.

This study aimed to investigate the method of conserving the mice skin for long time in vitro,and forty clean male KM mice of 8-week old were divided into two groups by random digit table,namely vitrified skin transplantation group(n =30) and fresh skin transplantation group(n =10) .The skin was vitrified quickly with freezing solution EFS40 by the two-step method,and then was thawed with 0.5 mol/L glucose,which was followed by self-transplanted.The vitrified skin transplantation group was self-transplanted after the skin was vitrified for 2 weeks.A piece of skin which was smaller than the vitrified one was cut off on the other side of the spine,and the thawed skin were laid smoothly to coincide with the edge of the cut skin which was sutured then.In fresh skin transplantation group,fresh skins were prepared to put in Dulbecco phosphate-buffered saline for 15 minutes and then be transplanted to original position.The outcomes of transplantation were valuated on day 14 and day 28 after transplantation.And the results indicated that the survival rate of the fresh skin transplantation group was 100%(10/10) .The survival rate of the vitrified skin transplantation group was 77%(23/30) on day 14 and 70%(21/30) on day 28,respectively.But the surfaces of the mice skin and part of the hair follicle cells were damaged during vitrification.However,the method of vitrifying the mice skin quickly in this paper may be used to conserve the skin in vitro.

BACKGROUND:Children with learning difficulty often present with cognitive impairments and imbalanced development of intelligence accompanied by emotional and behavioral problems.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the therapeutic effects of integrated interventions in multiple aspects for children with learning difficulties.DESIGN:A case-control study of children with learning difficulties.SETTING:Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine, Union Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University.PARTICIPANTS:This study involved school-age children of 6 to 12years old with learning difficulties who came to the department specialized in pediatric psychology for consultation from July 1998 to July 2001. The diagnosis of learning difficulties conformed to the diagnostic criteria for special learning disability in ICD-10 with IQ ＞ 70 as an essential condition. Children with emotional disorders, mental deficiency, hyperactivity,visual and auditory dysfunctions and organic cerebral diseases were excluded. The diagnosis was further verified by a professor specialized in neuropsychology. The children voluntarily participated in the cognitive training, behavioral intervention and comprehensive trainings of senses and those who fulfilled the one-year treatment were included in this study. The ratio of therapists to the children was 1:2, and each session of treatment lasted for 90-120 minutes given 2-3 times a week, and a treatment course consisted of 24 sessions. The children were supposed to complete 4 consecutive treatment courses. Totally 31 children completed the treatment courses, including 24 boys and 7 girls with the mean age of(7.7±1.2)years who had an average IQ of 87.5±8.6.grated interventions for one year consisting of cognitive training, behavioral intervention and comprehensive training of the senses. Raven's Deductive Reasoning test and Beery Visual-Motor Integration Test were use to examine the deductive reasoning ability and visual-motor integration of the children, and visual attention test and auditory attention test, as well as sequential and reverse-sequence memory tests were employed to test their attentions. Achenbach children behavioral scale was applied to evaluate the children's behavioral problems, and Conners' questionnaire for children's behavioral problem was used to measure their attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) index.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Changes in the deductive reasoning ability, capability of visual-motor integration, attention and psychological behaviors after one year of intervention.RESULTS:All the 31 patients children entered the result analysis with no loss. After one year of integrated intervention, the children had significantly improved scores for Raven's Deductive Reasoning Test (87.51 ±8.64 vs 90.03±8.70, t=-9.610, P ＜ 0.001) and Beery Visual-Motor Integration Test (6.75±1.74 vs 8.27±1.94, t=-9.002, P ＜ 0.001). Obvious improvement was also seen in the visual attention test (15.90±20.11 vs 2.74±3.67), scope of auditory attention and memory (7.70±1.60 vs 11.23±1.23for sequential memory and 3.52±0.93 vs 6.97±0.16 for reversed-sequence memory, P ＜ 0.01). The total scores for ADHD assessment declined to different extents at 3 and 6 months during the treatment and upon the completion of the treatment (22.65±3.53 vs 18.87±4.14 at month 3, 5.65±3.92at month 6 and 12.65±3.36 at one year, t=7.35-15.36, P ＜ 0.01). The scores for 9 psychobehavioral items in Achenbach children behavioral scale obviously declined were also reduced significantly during the therapy,and 87% (26/31) of the children had obviously improved academic performance.CONCLUSION:Interventions integrating cognitive training, behavioral intervention and comprehensive training of the senses may produce good and persistent effect on the cognitive and emotional symptoms of children with learning difficulties, resulting in obviously improved visual, auditory and brain functions.

To improve the composit application knowledge and clinic performance ability of the advanced study doctor.We take the clinc doctors as study object,using various teaching ways to discuss the methods and quality of orthodontic doctors.Through making rigorou teaching planing,seting reasonable courses,and strict clinic operational training,the quality of teaching is visible improved.This teaching system is worth to make use and extend.

Objective To evaluation clinical efficacy and complications characteristics of vitrectomy on type 1 diabetes of diabetic retinopathy.Methods This was a retrospective review study.From January 2010 to January 2016,18 cases (28 eyes) under the age of 30 diagnosed as type 1 diabetes of diabetic retinopathy were treated in our hospital.All the patients were performed vitrectomy.The postoperative visual acuity and complications in and after operation were observed.Results The follow-upperiod was 6-72 months with the average of 43.0 months.Postoperative visual acuity improved or remained unchanged in 23 eyes (82.1％),and decreased in 5 eyes(17.9％).Our primary anatomic success rate was 92.3％.Complication in operation was iatrogenic retinal tear in 3 eyes.Postoperative complications consisted of anterior chamber fibrin exudation in 9 eyes,hyphema in 5 eyes,recurrent vitreous hemorrhage in 2 eyes,retinal detachment in 3 eyes,rubeosis of iris in 5 eyes and neovascular glaucoma in 4 eye.Conclusion For young patients of type 1 proliferative diabetic retinopathy,vitrectomy can restore retinal anatomical structure and function.Panrentinal photocoagulation and preoperative anti-VEGF injections in vitreous is necessary with serious neovascularization-related complications.

A literature review of the criteria for discharge after the day ambulatory surgery includes four aspects, which are the importance and significance, the scoring system, the physical and mental exam, and the risk factors for delayed discharge. The results are the basis for the further research.

Objective To explore the therapeutic efficacy of three different treatment regimens for conservative treatment of ec‐topic pregnancy(EP) .Methods Clinical data of 198 cases of patients with EP who were conservatively treated in this hospital from June 2012 to June 2014 were retrospectively analysed .All patients were divided into group A (39 cases) ,group B(92 cases) and group C(67 cases) ,which were treated with single‐dose of methotrexate(MTX) ,MTX combined with mifepristone and multiple‐dose of MTX respectively .The curative rate and time for human chorionic gonadotropin beta‐subunit(β‐HCG) dropping to normal were observed and recorded .Results The total curative rates in three groups were statistically different (P<0 .05) ,additionally , group C had the highest curative rate(86 .57% ) ,followed by group B with 84 .78% and group A with 66 .67% .In the three groups , for patients with serum level of β‐HCG 1 500-3 000 mIU/mL or >3 000 mIU/mL ,the curative rates were statistically different (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Single‐dose of MTX has relative low curative rate .It is recommend to use combination regimens or multi‐ple‐dose of MTX regimens ,and for patients with high level of β‐HCG multiple‐dose of MTX regimens might be the best choice .

Objective To explore the MRI characterisitics of primary dilated cardiomyopathy and isolated left ventricular non-compaction.Methods The patients who were diagnosed as primary dilated cardiomyopathy (n=18) and isolated left ventricular non-compaction (n=10) were enrolled,and the MRI was performed.The thickness of non-compaction myocardium (NC),compaction myocardium (C) in end-diastole,the feature of movement of myocardium,the number of non-compaction segment,the fraction shortening of non-compaction and the distribution were compared.Results Totally 823 segments were analyzed in primary dilated cardiomyopathy,in which 124 segments were non-compaction myocardium;397 segments were analyzed in isolated left ventricular non-compaction,in which 115 segments were non-compaction myocardium.The NC,NC/C,NC/(NC+C),and the fraction shortening of the isolated left ventricular non-compaction patients were higher than those of primary dilated cardiomyopathy patients (all P＜0.05).The features of distribution showed that the apical segment was mostly involved,and the basal segment was less involved or hardly involved.The anterior and lateral segments were more involved in the free wall,the septal was less involved.Conclusion The MRI characteristics of primary dilated cardiomyopathy and isolated left ventricular non-compaction are different,especially in the distribution,non compacted segments,NC and NC/C,which is important for diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the two diseases.

Objective:To increase the solubility of the campher and oleum anisi stellati in the syrup of cough and reduce the precipitation of syrup.Methods: The technology of ? cyclodextrin inclusion was used in the experiment. Results: The experiment shows the method may meet the demand of production. Conclusions: The method is very good in the production of cough syrup.