Midkine (MK) , a newly discovered heparin - binding growth factor, promotes growth, survival, and migration in various cells. Meanwhile, MK stimulates statistically significant forms in new arterioles and capillaries, causes vascular remodeling, prevents ischemia myocardial cells from injury via inhibiting apoptosis. MK also regulates the level of blood - fat.In general, MK plays key roles in cardiovascular diseases.

Midkine (MK),a newly discovered heparin-binding growth factor,promotes growth,survival,and migration in various cells. Meanwhile,MK stimulates statistically significant forms in new arterioles and capillaries,causes vascular remodeling,prevents ischemia myocardial cells from injury via inhibiting apoptosis. MK also regulates the level of blood-fat. In general,MK plays key roles in cardiovascular diseases.

Purpose To establish Logistic regression model of gallbladder lesions of≥1 cm in diameter diagnosed by ultrasound, and to filter benign and malignant sonographic features. Materials and Methods The sonographic features were retrospectively analyzed in 165 patients with gallbladde apophysis lesions of≥1 cm in diameter which confirmed by pathology, including the number of lesions, size, shape and basal width, gallstones, continuous gallbladder wall continuous, blood flow signals detected by color Doppler flow imaging. Logistic regression model with bipartition was established by multivariate Logistic regression analysis, and the efficiency of Logistic regression model was evaluated to predict benign or malignant of these lesions. Results Three characteristic variables, including lesion morphology, basal width and flow signals, were took into the Logistic regression model by binary Logistic regression analysis, which was the sensitive indicators can differentiate the benign or malignant gallbladder lesions. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of this model were 97.0%, 93.8%and 97.3%for predicting the benign or malignant gallbladder apophysis lesions≥1 cm in diameter, respectively. Area under ROC was 0.979. Conclusion Binary Logistic regression analysis can filter the sonographic features which can differentiate the benign or malignant gallbladder apophysis lesions≥1 cm in diameter, and lesion morphology, basal width and flow signals are of important differential diagnosis value of benign lesions or malignant lesions.

Objective To investigate the effect of local injection of rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs)on the phenotype of macrophages in skin wound.Methods The cryopreserved primary SD rat ADSCs were resuscitated and then sub-cultured.ADSCs of the third generation were used in the experiments.Thirty six SD rats were divided into ADSCs group (n =18) and control group (n =18) by random numbers table method.The full thickness skin wounds were established on bothsides of the spine.After the model establishment 0.2 ml ADSCs suspension labeled by live cell stain Chloromethylbenzamido derivatives of 1,l'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindo-carbocyanine perchlorate (CM-Dil) with the concentration of 5 × 106/ml was subcutaneously annularly injected in the skin wound of SD rats in ADSCs group.The SD rats in control group were given 0.2 ml serum-free Dulbecco modified Eagle medium (DMEM).On 3,7,and 14 days after injury,six rats were selected from each group to measure the wound area and healing rate.The healed wound tissues were harvested to observe the morphology by HE staining.The expressions of interleukin (IL)-10 were detected by immunohistochemistry staining.The double-positive expressions of CD68 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (M1 type macrophages) and of CD68 and arginase-1 (Arg-1) (M2 type macrophages) were detected by immunofluorescent staining.The distribution of CM-Dil-labeled ADSCs in healed wound tissue 14 days after injury was observed by inverted fluorescence microscope.Results (1) At day 3 after injury,the wound areas in two groups were covered with crust and surrounding redness,and the wound healing rates were slightly different;at day 7 after injury,the wound area of ADSCs group was significantly smaller than that of control group,and the healing speed and rate of ADSCs group was significantly higher than that of control group (P ＜ 0.01);at day 14 after injury,the healing rate of ADSCs group was nearly 99％ (P ＜ 0.01),and the healing skin tissue texture of ADSCs group was better than that of control group.(2) At day 3 after injury,there were a large number of inflammatory cells and disorganized collagen fiber in the wound areas of two groups;at day 7 after injury,the inflammatory cells infiltration reduced in ADSCs group compared with control group,and the collagen fiber arrangement in control group was in disorder;at day 14 after injury,the inflammatory cells in both groups obviously decreased,and ADSCs group had more new vessels and more orderly arrangement of collagen fiber than control group.CM Dil labeled ADSCs were seen in the healing wound tissue in ADSCs group.(3) At day 3 after injury,there was little difference in M1 type macrophage distribution in the two groups;ADSCs group had more M2 type macrophage cells than control group significantly (P ＜0.01);the expression of IL 10 in ADSCs group was not high,which did not differ from that of control group;at days 7 and 14 after injury,ADSCs group has fewer M1 type macrophage cells,more M2 type macrophage cells,and higher expressions of IL-10 than control group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The ADSCs trasplantation can promote the change from M1 type to M2 type macrophages,facilitating wound regeneration and healing.

Plasma exchange therapy is applied for treatment of severe immune diseases of multiple organ systems and severe liver diseases by removing pathogenic factors and regulating immune function. Regional citrate anticoagulation has no effect on systemic coagulation function and does not increase bleeding risk, and it is one of the optional anticoagulation methods for plasma exchange therapy. This article reviews recent literature on simple plasma exchange therapy with regional citrate anticoagulation to provide a reference for clinical application of this therapy.

Objective: The burden of chronic disease has been continuously increasing in China since the early 1980s. Besides the worsening of risk factors, the change in diagnostic criteria is very likely an important explanation for the increase in the prevalence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus, three commonest, major chronic conditions that can lead to major vascular events and deaths. This study aims to estimate the contribution of changes in diagnostic criteria to the increase in the prevalence of the three conditions in China. Methods: The data from two representative nation-wide surveys in China in 2002 and 2009, with 145 254 and 8 813 adults included respectively, were used to estimate the prevalence rate of the three conditions and the proportion attributable to the change in diagnostic criteria around year 2000. The new and old cutoff values for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia were 140/90 and 160/95 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), 5.7 and 6.2 mmol/L, and 7.0 and 7.8 mmol/L, respectively. The prevalence was standardized according to the distribution of age, sex and rural-urban residence of the 2000 national census of the country so as to compare between the old and new diagnostic criteria and project the situation for the entire country. Results: The standardized prevalence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus for the entire Chinese adult population in 2002 was 8.21%, 1.71% and 1.43% according to the immediate previous diagnostic criteria, and 19.18%, 3.53% and 2.66% according to the new criteria. In 2009, the prevalence was 11.89%, 9.34% and 4.29% according to the old criteria, and 24.78%, 18.36% and 6.55% according to the new criteria. The total cumulative prevalence of the three conditions was increased by 124% in 2002 and 95% in 2009 as a result of change in diagnostic criteria. Put it differently, the change in diagnostic criteria increased the number of the three conditions from 2002 to 2009 by approximately 359 million and could increase the annual drug costs by some 271 billion RMB if all the conditions are treated. The drug costs alone of treating all the three conditions could consume 56% of the total health budget of the Government in 2010. Conclusion About half of the number of the three conditions is a result of the change in diagnostic criteria. These criteria were adopted from western populations, which are designed to meet the population need and suit healthcare resources available in these countries. It is important for China to consider the resources available and needs and values of the population in addition to the benefits, harms and costs of treatment in determining the cutoff values for defining these conditions for drug interventions.

Ovary is a vital female gonadal organ.It not only provides gametes for reproduction,but also secretes hormones to support and maintain the function of multiple systems.The decline of ovarian function is characterized by low fertility,early menopause,etc.It may even lead to dysfunction of multiple organs,which seriously damage women's health.Trace elements(TEs)play an important role in maintaining the normal ovarian function.When the TEs are unbalanced and cannot keep the ho-meostasis of ovary,inducing hormone secretion disorder,ovulatory disorder,decreased enzyme activity and histological changes of ovary.These changes lead to diminished ovarian function.Therefore,in-depth study on the role and mechanism of TEs in the regulation of ovarian function is conducive to understand the physiological function and prevent ovarian dysfunction.In this re-view,in combination with the research on the application of TEs at home and abroad in recent years,the relationship between TEs(iron,zinc,copper,selenium,iodine,cobalt,chromium,molybdenum)and ovarian function,as well as the mechanism of TEs affecting ovarian function are summarized,which will provide some theoretical guidance for the study of TEs in ovarian function in the future.

Objective To study the mechanism of single Chinese medicine and compound in the treatment for sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease.Methods We searched Pubmed,Web of Science,CNKI,Wanfang and other databases,to find out relevant literature on the treatment of SPID and their mechanism of herbal medicine since the etablishment of the database to March 2023,and summarized the literatures.Results A total of 428 literatures were included,from the included literature,we screened reports on the mechanism of of single Chinese medicine and compound in the treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease,including regulating the secretion level of cytokines and inflammatory mediators,promoting the apoptosis of inflammatory cells,inhibiting lipid peroxidation,inhibiting tissue fiber,improving blood circulation,regulating metabolic pathways and cell signal transduction,and regulating immunity etc.Conclusion To conduct in-depth research on the mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease and to provide reference for the development of new drugs of SPID.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of Jianpiwenyang Gel(SSWYG)for treating chronic diarrhea and explore its therapeutic mechanism.Methods Eighty patients with chronic diarrhea of spleen and stomach weakness type were randomized into two groups for interventions with lifestyle adjustment and treatment with bifid triple viable capsules(control group,n=40)or naval application with SSWYG(treatment group,n=40)for one week,after which symptoms of chronic diarrhea were evaluated.The Chinese medicine system pharmacology analysis platform(TCMSP),GeneCards,NCBI,OMIM database and GEO database(GSE14841)were used to obtain the active ingredients and target proteins of SSWYG and chronic diarrhea-related targets.The key targets were obtained by topological analysis for Gene Ontology(GO)and KEGG analyses.The affinity and binding characteristics of SSWYG for specific targets were verified by molecular docking using AutoDock software.Results In both groups,gastrointestinal symptom rating scale(GSRS),Bristol Scale and TCM syndrome scores significantly improved after the treatments(P<0.05),and better effects were observed in the treatment group(P<0.05).Sixty-eight targets of SSWYG in treating chronic diarrhea were obtained,and 33 most probable ones were screened out by topological analysis.GO and KEGG analyses identified several chronic diarrhea-related pathways including the TNF and IL-17 pathways.Molecular docking study showed good affinity of the core components of SSWYG for the key targets CASP3,JNK,IL1B,IL6,and AKT1.JUN and CASP3 had the lowest binding energy and the highest stable binding energy with multiple major active ingredients of SSWYG.Conclusion SSWYG can significantly improve clinical symptoms of chronic diarrhea possibly by regulating the TNF and IL-17 as well as other pathways via CASP3 and JUN,suggesting a complex therapeutic mechanism of SSWYG involving multiple ingredients and targets and coordinated regulation of multiple pathways.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of Jianpiwenyang Gel(SSWYG)for treating chronic diarrhea and explore its therapeutic mechanism.Methods Eighty patients with chronic diarrhea of spleen and stomach weakness type were randomized into two groups for interventions with lifestyle adjustment and treatment with bifid triple viable capsules(control group,n=40)or naval application with SSWYG(treatment group,n=40)for one week,after which symptoms of chronic diarrhea were evaluated.The Chinese medicine system pharmacology analysis platform(TCMSP),GeneCards,NCBI,OMIM database and GEO database(GSE14841)were used to obtain the active ingredients and target proteins of SSWYG and chronic diarrhea-related targets.The key targets were obtained by topological analysis for Gene Ontology(GO)and KEGG analyses.The affinity and binding characteristics of SSWYG for specific targets were verified by molecular docking using AutoDock software.Results In both groups,gastrointestinal symptom rating scale(GSRS),Bristol Scale and TCM syndrome scores significantly improved after the treatments(P<0.05),and better effects were observed in the treatment group(P<0.05).Sixty-eight targets of SSWYG in treating chronic diarrhea were obtained,and 33 most probable ones were screened out by topological analysis.GO and KEGG analyses identified several chronic diarrhea-related pathways including the TNF and IL-17 pathways.Molecular docking study showed good affinity of the core components of SSWYG for the key targets CASP3,JNK,IL1B,IL6,and AKT1.JUN and CASP3 had the lowest binding energy and the highest stable binding energy with multiple major active ingredients of SSWYG.Conclusion SSWYG can significantly improve clinical symptoms of chronic diarrhea possibly by regulating the TNF and IL-17 as well as other pathways via CASP3 and JUN,suggesting a complex therapeutic mechanism of SSWYG involving multiple ingredients and targets and coordinated regulation of multiple pathways.