Objective To sift out the optimized electric pulse parameters for electroacupuncture treatment for lower limb myatrophy and explore the mechanism of its treatment.Method A model of lower limb myatrophy was made in 40 SD rats.The rats were then randomized to groups A (model group without electroacupuncture), B (a pulse duration of 0.5 ms and a frequency of 2 Hz), C (a pulse duration of 200 msand a frequency of 2 Hz) and D (a pulse duration of 200 ms and a frequency of 1/2/3 Hz).Points Zusanli(ST36)and Chengshan(BL57)were given electroacupuncture for four courses of treatment.Thesciaticfunction index (SFI),gastrocnemius muscle wet weight ratio (GW), gastrocnemius muscle fiber cross-sectional area ratio (GC),gastrocnemius muscle cell diameter ratio (GD)and gastrocnemius muscle cell apoptosis index (AI)were determined.Result SFI, GW and GC increased significantly and AI decreased significantly in groups C and D compared with group A (P<0.05). AI decreased significantly in groups C and D compared with group B (P<0.05). AI decreased significantly in groups D compared with group C (P<0.05). Conclusion Apulse duration of 200 ms and a frequency of 1/2/3 Hz are the optimizedelectric pulse parametersfor electroacupuncture delaying myatrophy.Its mechanism is related to inhibiting myocyte apoptosis.

Objective To investigate the potential and early effect of hypertonic saline resuscitation on Tlymphocyte subpopulations in patients with traumatically hemorrhagic shock.Method Eighty-two patients with acute traumatically hemorrhagic shock admitted from Department of Emergency，Beijing Tongren Hospital，from De cember 2006 to July 2008 were randomly divided into：hypotonic saline(HS)group(n=43)and Lactated Ringer's solution(LR)group(n=39).The criteria of eligible patients were systolic blood pressure＜90mm Hg at admission with definite evidence of blood loss.Patients with immune system diseases and those who died within 24 hours of admission were excluded.Patients in HS group received intravenous administration of 200 mL of 7.5% sodium chloride withhin 15～20 minutes，and LR group received routine therapy with Lactated Ringer's solution.Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded 10，20，and 60 minutes after the start of resuscitation and compared between two groups.Before and 24 hours after treatment，peripheral blood levels of T-lymphocyte subpopulations including CD3+，CD4+，and CD8+ were measured by using direct immunofluorescence test and compared between two groups.The inter-group comparison was carried out by using independent sample t-lest and intragroup comparison using paired t-test.The numabers of operation，complication cases and death cases were conducted by using X2 test.SPAS version 11.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results The volume of solution infused in HS group was(3820±623)mL and in LR group was(5430±1254)mL(P＜0.05).At 10 and 20 minutes after the sdministration of solution.the mean blood pressures in HS group were both significantly higher than those in LR group(P＜0.01).The levels of CD3+and CD4+lymphocytes in peripheral blood in HS group 24 hours after treatment were sinificantly higher than those in LR group(P＜0.01).Totally，63(76.8%)patients were cured and 19(23.2%)patients died.ARDS occurred in 10 patients and MODS occurred in 14 patiellts.The mortality，and the rates of ARDS and MODS in HS group were sinificantly higher than those in LP group(P＜0.05).Conclusiom In patients with acute traumatically hemorrhagic shock.HS can increase the effective circulating vol. ume，ameliorate the perfusion of tissues and organs，improve the immune fuction of T-lymphocytes，decrease the rats of ABDS and MODS，mad decrease the morality.HS is more effective than routine solution used for resuscitation.

Purpose To establish Logistic regression model of gallbladder lesions of≥1 cm in diameter diagnosed by ultrasound, and to filter benign and malignant sonographic features. Materials and Methods The sonographic features were retrospectively analyzed in 165 patients with gallbladde apophysis lesions of≥1 cm in diameter which confirmed by pathology, including the number of lesions, size, shape and basal width, gallstones, continuous gallbladder wall continuous, blood flow signals detected by color Doppler flow imaging. Logistic regression model with bipartition was established by multivariate Logistic regression analysis, and the efficiency of Logistic regression model was evaluated to predict benign or malignant of these lesions. Results Three characteristic variables, including lesion morphology, basal width and flow signals, were took into the Logistic regression model by binary Logistic regression analysis, which was the sensitive indicators can differentiate the benign or malignant gallbladder lesions. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of this model were 97.0%, 93.8%and 97.3%for predicting the benign or malignant gallbladder apophysis lesions≥1 cm in diameter, respectively. Area under ROC was 0.979. Conclusion Binary Logistic regression analysis can filter the sonographic features which can differentiate the benign or malignant gallbladder apophysis lesions≥1 cm in diameter, and lesion morphology, basal width and flow signals are of important differential diagnosis value of benign lesions or malignant lesions.

Objective To sift and optimize pulse width for electroacupuncture prevention and treatment of muscular atrophy. Method A model of lower limb muscle atrophy was made in 40 rats. They were randomized into groupsⅠ (no electroacupuncture),Ⅱ (a pulse width of 0.5 ms and a frequency of 2 Hz), Ⅲ (a pulse width of 100 ms and a frequency of 2 Hz) and Ⅳ (a pulse width of 200 ms and a frequency of 2 Hz). Points Zusanli (ST36) and Chengshan(BL57) were given electroacupuncture. Sciatic function index (SFI), gastrocnemius muscle wet weight ratio (GW), the cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius muscle fibers (GC), gastrocnemius muscle cell diameter (GD) and gastrocnemius muscle cell apoptosis index (AI) were used as indicators of therapeutic effect. Result Compared with group Ⅰ, SFI and GW increased significantly in groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ (P<0.05). Compared with groupsⅠ and Ⅱ, AI on the affected side decreased significantly in groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ (P<0.05). Conclusion The therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture is related to its pulse width. The pulse widths of 100 ms and 200 ms are significantly more effective than a pulse width of 0.5 ms from a conventional electroacupuncture device in preventing and treating muscular atrophy.

Objective:To study possibility of traditional Chinese drug preparation of controlled drug delivered to the colonic region. Methods: After the herbs was extracted and refined, micropills was produced with pectin selected as coating material and thallium monochloride was as internal standard substance. Results: The preparation was testified to attain schedule colon target. Conclusions: This research provided a way for traditional Chinese drug preparation of colon targeting.

OBJECTIVE:To establish an RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of the contents of costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone in Xuedan weichang pill. METHODS:The determination was performed on Shim-pack VP-ODS column(150 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) with methanol-water(60∶40) as mobile phase and the detection wavelength was set at 225 nm.RESULTS:The linear ranges of costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone were 13.6～272.0 ?g?mL-1 and 11.25～225.0 ?g?mL-1,respectively,and their average recoveries were 99.47% and 99.62%,respectively with RSD of 1.75%(n=6) and 1.14%(n=6),respectively. CONCLUSION:The method established is simple,feasible,accurate and reliable,and it is applicable for the quality control of Xuedan weichang pill.

ObjectiveTo investigate the chemical constituents from Aidi Injection.Methods The chemical constituents were isolated by chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 gel columns and reverse phase semi-preparative HPLC repeatedly.Their structures were identified by spectroscopic analysis (NMR and MS).ResultsTwenty-two compounds were isolated and identified to be 3-O-3',4'-diacetyl-β-D-xylopyranosyl-6-O-β-D-glucopyranosylcycloastragenol (1),astragaloside IV (2),astragaloside Ⅱ (3),astragaloside I (4),isoastragaloside I (5),acetylastragaloside I (6),ginsenosid Re (7),ginsenoside Rf (8),ginsenoside Rg1 (9),ginsenoside Rb3 (10),notoginsenoside R4 (11),ginsenoside Rb1 (12),ginsenoside Rc (13),ginsenoside Rb2 (14),ginsenoside Rd (15),lucyoside H (16),3-O-ββ-D-glucopyranosyl(l→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl(l→3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)-α-Larabinopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(l→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (17),3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl [β-D-glucopyranosyl-(l→4)]-(l→2)-αt-L-arabinopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (18),syringin (19),elentheroside E (20),4-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenyl-I-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (21),and coniferin (22).ConclusionCompounds 1-6 are originated from Astragalus membranceus,compounds 7-18 are originated from Panax ginseng,and compounds 19-22 are originated from Acanthopanax senticosus by LC-MS analysis.Compound 1 is a new compound.

Objective To detect the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferengamma (IFN-γ) in brucellosis patients and to study the Th1 immune response in acute and chronic patients.Method Serum levels of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma of 110 brucellosis patients,including 58 acute brucellosis patients and 52 chronic brucellosis patients,were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from 2014 to 2015 in Zhangjiakou Infectious Disease Hospital.Results The serum levels of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma of 58 acute brucellosis patients were (38.2± 3.6) pg/L and (31.3 ± 3.7) ng/L,respectively;the serum levels of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma of 52 chronic brucellosis patients were (12.4 ± 2.6) pg/L and (8.8 ± 3.4) ng/L,respectively.The differences were statistically significant between acute and chronic patients (t =43.216,33.809,all P ＜ 0.05).The early cure rate,early base cure rate,improvement rate and inefficiency rate were 36.2％ (21/58),32.7％ (19/58),25.9％ (15/58)and 5.2％ (3/58),respectively in acute patients.Inversely,they were 17.3％ (9/52),13.5％ (7/52),15.4％ (8/52)and 53.8％ (28/52),respectively in chronic patients.The therapeutic effect was better in acutepatients than chronic patients (x2 =4.937,5.657,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion It seems that acute brucellosis patients have a higher serum levels of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma and a better prognosis due to effective Th1 immune response,and chronic brucellosis patients are associated with poor outcome due to deficiency of Th1 immune response.

Objective To investigate the chemical constituents in the roots of Boehmeria nivea.Methods The constituents were isolated by repeated column chromatography and their structures were elucidated by chemical properties and spectroscopic analyses.Results Seven compounds were isolated and their structures were identified to be daucosterol-10,13-eicosdienoate(Ⅰ),daucosterol(Ⅱ),?-sitosterol(Ⅲ),olein(Ⅳ),betulinic acid(Ⅴ),oleanolic acid(Ⅵ),19?-hydroxyursolic acid(Ⅶ).Conclusion Compound Ⅰ is a new compound named niveain A,compound Ⅳ is obtained from the plants of Boehmeria Jacq.for the first time.

OBJECTIVETo develop a RP-HPLC-ELSD method for the simultaneous determination of five glycosides in Aidi injection.

METHODThe separation was carried out at 35 degrees C on a Kromasil C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) eluted with acetonitrile and water as the mobile phases in gradient mode. The flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1). The SHIMADZU ELSD-LT II detector was used. The detector temperature was at 40 degrees C and the pressure of carrier gas N2 was 0.35 MPa.

RESULTThe linear response (the natural logarithm of peak areas with corresponding mass) ranges were 21.2-212 mg x L(-1) for syringin, 30.8-308 mg x L(-1) for ginsenoside Rg1, 24.8-248 mg x L(-1) for ginsenoside Re, 25.6-256 mg x L(-1) for ginsenoside Rb1, 31.2-312 mg x L(-1), for astragaloside IV, respectively. The average recoveries (n = 9) of five glycosides were greater than 97.6%, and RSD were less than 1.1%.

CONCLUSIONThe results demonstrated that this method had adequate accuracy and selectivity to measure the concentrations of five glycosides in Aidi injection.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Ginsenosides ; analysis ; Glucosides ; analysis ; Glycosides ; analysis ; Injections ; Phenylpropionates ; analysis ; Saponins ; analysis ; Triterpenes ; analysis