Objective To study the incidence and clinical significance of the herniation pits of the femoral neck.Methods 600 cases(299 men,301 women,18～82 years)were collected.The incidence,radiologic finding and clinical significance of the herniation pit of the femoral neck were analysed.Results Of 1200 hip joints in 600 cases,there was 58 cases(64 sides)(5.3%)with herniation pits of the femoral neck,including 39 men(68.7%)and 19 women(31.3%),the lesions localized in the left joint in 25 eases(39.1%),in the right joint in 27 cases(42.2%)and in bilateral joints in 6 cases(18.7%).There were a obvious significant differences on both sexes,and no significant differences on age groups.On X-ray film,the lesions appeared as a round radiolucency with thin clear sclerotic rim.Conclusion The incidence of the herniation pit of the femoral neck is 5.3%,which has a typical X-ray feature,and may indicate the femoroacetabular impingement.

OBJECTIVE：To provide reference for promoting individualized medication in clinic. METHODS ：Information on external quality assessment （EQA）projects and approved kits for the guidance of chemical drug use were collected from the websites of National Center for Clinical Laboratories （NCCL） and National Medical Products Administration （NMPA） as of December 31，2019. The number of laboratories participating in each evaluation project was count. Taking EQA projects of clopidogrel and warfarin drug metabolism gene polymorphism detection as examples ，who was with the highest participation rate ， the methods and reagent kits of each laboratory were analyzed so as to analyze the current status of the clinical pharmacogenomics （PGx）in China. RESULTS ：The number of PGx genetic test EQA projects conducted by NCCL increased from 3（2014）to 9 （2019）. The total number of participating laboratories was 926 in 2018，and 1 249 in 2019. The number of laboratories of warfarin and clopidogrel drug metabolism gene polymorphism detection increased from 57 to 300.5 for warfarin and from 124 to 374.5 for clopidogrel. The more widely used methods were fluorescent PCR and PCR-chip hybridization. The number of reagent kits currently approved by NMPA was 7 for warfarin and 15 for clopidogrel ，respectively. But some of the laboratories participating in EQA used self-prepared reagents yet. CONCLUSIONS ：The clinical PGx is in its infancy ，and the awareness of laboratories about EQA is improving；the main method was fluorescence PCR ，but the use of self-made reagents in laboratories is still common ，regulations concerning the approval ，use and supervision still need to be further improved.

OBJECTIVE To analyze and evaluate serious adverse drug reaction(SADR) and drug-drug interactions(DDIs) in the real-world, so as to obtain the clinical evidence of DDIs-related SADR, and to provide a reference for rational clinical use. METHODS The SADR reports reported to the National Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Center from January 2011 to December 2020 were collected, and Lexi-Interaction® software in UpToDate was used to analyze ≥2 drugs in SADR to evaluate whether there were potential DDIs. And the possible adverse drug reactions caused by DDIs were statistically analyzed. RESULTS Among the 360 cases of SADR, males were slightly more than females(50.83% vs 49.17%), the mean age was (65.27±14.71) years old, and 56.39% were ≥65 years old. Cardiovascular agents were the most common implicated pharmacological group, and the gastrointestinal system was the most frequently affected system, and aspirin was the most frequently reported drug. Among 150 cases of SADR with at least two suspected drugs, 64 cases had potential DDIs, while 42 cases had clinically significant DDIs, of which only 16 and 2 cases of SADR were caused by actual DDIs in category D and X, respectively. The majority of reports(71.43%) were caused by additive pharmacodynamic interactions. Aspirin was the most common drug in both potential DDIs and actual DDIs, while aspirin and clopidogrel was the most commonly involved drug pair in actual DDIs, with gastrointestinal bleeding being the most common SADR. CONCLUSION Attention should be paid to the influence of drug interactions on SADR, and prescription should be optimized, especially in the elderly population. According to the results of potential DDIs, therapeutic drugs should be rationally selected. Meanwhile, monitoring of cardiovascular drugs and key populations should be strengthened to ensure drug safety.

Cell Cycle Proteins ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins