Side population (SP) cells are highly enriched for stem cell activity and characterized by their ability to efflux the vital dye Hoechst 33342,because they express the ATP binding cassette (ABC)-dependent transporter ABCG2.SP cells can be selected from main population using flow cytometric analysis.Currently SP cells have been isolated from many tissues and organs.SP cells of different origins have some common characteristics.This article introduces the classifications,surface marker,and characteristics of SP cells.

Cancer stem cells(CSCs) are a small proportion of tumor cells with the property of stem cells in the tumor tissue;they are capable of self-renewal,multi-lineage differentiation and serve as the source of tumor cells and tumor tissues.The discovery of multiple myeloma CSCs and the study on its relationship with side population cells and niche provide a new interpretation on the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma.

AIM To study the effects of recombinant human IL 1 receptor antagonist (IL 1ra) on isolated airway smooth muscle tissue. METHODS Changes of isolated organ's tension were monitored with force displacement transducer and MedLab recording system. RESULTS ①IL 1ra haddirect relaxant effect in normal and ovalbumin sensitized pulmonary as well as tracheal smooth muscle. The mean EC 50 values were 1 29?10 -8 mol?L -1 and 8 06?10 -8 mol?L -1 in normal pulmonary and tracheal smooth muscle, but the mean EC 50 values were 2 61?10 -7 mol?L -1 and 5 88?10 -7 mol?L -1 in ovalbumin sensitized pulmonary and tracheal smooth muscle. Therefore the relaxation responses of sensitized airway smooth muscle to IL 1ra were lower than those of normal pulmonary and tracheal smooth muscle.②IL 1ra(10 -9 ～10 -5 mol?L -1 ) concentration dependently inhibit contraction responses to histamine(10 -3 mol?L -1 ) in normal pulmonary and tracheal smooth muscle, compared with administrating solvent PBS group ( P

OBJECTIVETo study the antipyretic effect of baicalin in inhibiting yeast-induced fever in rats and the influence on inflammatory cytokine, then explore the possible mechanism of baicalin in inhibiting yeast-induced fever in rats.

METHODSRat modles of pyrexia were established by subcutaneous injection of yeast (2 g x kg(-1)); the rats of were divided into the normal control, model, baicalin high, medium and low-dose group and the effect of baicalin on the changes of the rats' temperature were observed. Dual antibody ELISA method was used to test the changes of IL-6, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha contents in in serum , hypothalamus and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). Then analyze the correlation between the inhibition ratio of temperature heighten on three different dose of baicalin and the inhibition ratio of the contents heighten on IL-6, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha.

RESULTThe high dose of baicalin significantly inhibited the yeast-induced fever of rats, and decresesed IL-6, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha contents in serum, hypothalamus and CSF. The inhibition ratio of temperature heighten of baicalin had direct correlation with the inhibition ratio of the heighten on IL-1beta content in serum, hypothalamus and CSF (r = 0.873, P < 0.05), also dose TNF-alpha (r = 0.862, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONBaicalin may have obvious antipyretic effect by decreasing the increasing contents of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha in rats.

Animals ; Body Temperature ; drug effects ; Cytokines ; blood ; cerebrospinal fluid ; metabolism ; Fever ; blood ; cerebrospinal fluid ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Hypothalamus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Time Factors

Objective: Many studies have shown that respiratory syncytial virus persistent infection may be the main cause of chronic respiratory pathology. However, the mechanism is unclear. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conduction regulator (CFTR) is an apical membrane chloride channel, which is very important for the regulation of epithelial fluid, chloride ion, and bicarbonate transport. CFTR dysfunction will lead to changes in bronchial secretions and impair mucus clearance, which is related to airway inflammation. In our previous study, we observed the down-regulation of CFTR in airway epithelial cells in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infected mouse model. In this study, we further investigated the expression and function of CFTR by constructing an airway epithelial cell model of RSV persistent infection. Methods: 16HBE14o- cells were infected with RSV at 0.01 multiplicity of infection (MOI). The expression of CFTR was detected by real-time RT-PCR, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting. The intracellular chloride concentration was measured by N-(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)-6-methoxyquinolium bromide (MQAE) and the chloride current was measured by whole-cell patch clamp recording. Results:16HBE14o-cells infected with RSV were survived to successive passages of the third generation (G3), while the expression and function of CFTR was progressively decreased upon RSV infection from the first generation (G1) to G3. Exposure of 16HBE14o-cells to RSV led to the gradual increase of TGF-β1 as well as phosphorylation of Smad2 following progressive RSV infection. Disruption of TGF-β1 signaling by SB431542 prevented Smad2 phosphorylation and rescued the expression of CFTR. Conclusion:RSV infection can lead to defective CFTR function in airway epithelial cells, which may be mediated via activation of TGF-β1 signaling pathway.