Bone metabolism refers to the decomposition and anabolism occurring during bone remodeling， and its balance is regulated by bone resorption and bone formation. A slight deviation of this balance causes various skeletal diseases， such as osteoporosis and renal osteodystrophy. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） monomers and compounds have certain advantages in treating bone metabolism diseases. The Wnt signaling pathway includes the canonical Wnt signaling pathway， dependent on β-catenin， and the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway， independent of β-catenin. Both types of pathways can maintain bone metabolism balance by regulating bone formation and bone resorption and are essential for bone development， bone mass maintenance， and bone remodeling. A variety of TCM monomers （albiflorin， catalpol and icariin） and formulas （Zuogui pill， Yishen gugu prescription， Duzhong jiangu prescription， etc.） have been confirmed to promote differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells， proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts， bone injury repair， and osteoporosis improvement by activating the Wnt signaling pathway in recent years. Here， this article summarizes the research progress in the Wnt signaling pathway regulation of bone metabolism by TCM monomers and compounds to provide ideas for the clinical application of TCM and the research and development of new drugs for the prevention and treatment of bone metabolism diseases.

The Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyltransferase (SAGA) is an ancillary transcription initiation complex which is highly conserved. The ADA1 (alteration/deficiency in activation 1, also called histone H2A functional interactor 1, HFI1) is a subunit in the core module of the SAGA protein complex. ADA1 plays an important role in plant growth and development as well as stress resistance. In this paper, we performed genome-wide identification of banana ADA1 gene family members based on banana genomic data, and analyzed the basic physicochemical properties, evolutionary relationships, selection pressure, promoter cis-acting elements, and its expression profiles under biotic and abiotic stresses. The results showed that there were 10, 6, and 7 family members in Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana and Musa itinerans. The members were all unstable and hydrophilic proteins, and only contained the conservative SAGA-Tad1 domain. Both MaADA1 and MbADA1 have interactive relationship with Sgf11 (SAGA-associated factor 11) of core module in SAGA. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that banana ADA1 gene family members could be divided into 3 classes. The evolution of ADA1 gene family members was mostly influenced by purifying selection. There were large differences among the gene structure of banana ADA1 gene family members. ADA1 gene family members contained plenty of hormonal elements. MaADA1-1 may play a prominent role in the resistance of banana to cold stress, while MaADA1 may respond to the Panama disease of banana. In conclusion, this study suggested ADA1 gene family members are highly conserved in banana, and may respond to biotic and abiotic stress.
Musa/genetics* ; Phylogeny ; Fungal Proteins ; Cell Nucleus ; Histones ; Stress, Physiological/genetics*

BACKGROUND:The treatment of post-stroke dysphagia with Lipopharyngeal Qibi Formula has achieved good efficacy,and 5-hydroxytryptamine in peripheral serum and neurotransmitters in the nucleus tractus solitarius are closely related to swallowing.Therefore,this study was conducted to explore the modulatory effects of peripheral serum and nucleus tractus solitarius neurotransmitters in swallowing by using modern medical experimental methods such as molecular biology,thereby developing new ideas for the exploration of their mechanisms. OBJECTIVE:To verify the therapeutic effect of Lipopharyngeal Qibi Formula on post-stroke dysphagia and to investigate its mechanism of action. METHODS:Thirty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into model group(n=14),treatment group(n=14)and sham-operated group(n=10).Animals in the model and treatment groups were modeled by reperfusion after 90 minutes of transient cerebral ischemia by wire bolus method.At 6 hours after modeling,neurological function was scored,and rats with a score of 2 were selected for subsequent experiments.The treatment group was given compound Lipopharyngeal Qibi Formula by gavage starting from the 2nd day after modeling and the remaining two groups were given normal saline by gavage.Changes in body mass,24-hour food and water intake were recorded on days 2,7,14 and 30.The swallowing initiation response time and the number of swallows were detected using a biosignal collector and a tonic transducer on days 14 and 30.After the swallowing test,the ischemic area of the brain in each group was measured by TTC staining.The expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the nucleus tractus solitarius of the medulla oblongata was measured by immunohistochemistry.The mRNA and protein expression levels of BCL-2 and BAX in the insula,premotor cortex,cingulate cortex and thalamus of rats in each group were measured by RT-PCR and Western blot,respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the sham-operated group,the body mass,24-hour food intake and water intake were reduced,the swallow initiation response time was prolonged,and the number of swallows was reduced in the treatment and model groups at day 14 of gavage(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the body mass,24-hour food intake and water intake of rats were increased in the treatment group at day 30 of gavage(P＜0.05),but were still lower than those in the sham-operated group.Compared with the model group,the swallow initiation reaction time was shortened and the number of swallows increased in the treatment group,but the number of swallows was still significantly lower than that in the sham-operated group(P＜0.05).Cerebral ischemia area was reduced in the treatment group compared with the model group,and the number of 5-hydroxytryptamine-positive cells in the nucleus tractus solitarius of the medulla oblongata was increased in the treatment group compared with the model group,but it was still significantly lower than that in the sham-operated group(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the expression of BCL-2 mRNA and protein in the insula,cingulate cortex and thalamus of rats in the treatment group were significantly increased,the expression of BAX mRNA and protein were significantly decreased,and the BCL-2/BAX ratio was significantly increased(P＜0.05).To conclude,the Chinese herbal compound Lipopharyngeal Qibi Formula could improve the number of swallows and swallowing initiation response time,as well as 24-hour food intake,body mass and other swallowing-related indexes in rats with post-stroke dysphagia.The mechanism of action may be achieved by improving the area of cerebral ischemia,inhibiting the apoptosis of neuronal cells in the insula,cingulate cortex and thalamus of rats,thus improving the regulation of the higher centers on the medulla oblongata swallowing center,and regulating the level of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the nucleus tractus solitarius.

Objective:To develop a recombinant protein vaccine based on KPC-2, a drug resistance target in Klebsiella pneumoniae, and evaluate its immunogenicity, protective efficacy and mechanism in a mouse model of pneumonia. Methods:KPC-2 was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified using GST affinity chromatography. A recombinant protein vaccine was prepared with KPC-2 and used to immunize New Zealand rabbits through subcutaneous injection. Serum samples were isolated from cardiac blood and Protein G chromatography was used to purify polyclonal antibodies against KPC-2. Opsonophagocytic killing assay was used to assess the bactericidal activity of the polyclonal antibodies in vitro. Female BALB/c mice were immunized three times with the recombinant protein vaccine, and the titers of specific IgG antibodies in serum were measured by indirect ELISA. One week after the last vaccination, the mice were infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae strain SRT through tracheal intubation, and received a single intravenous dose of meropenem (0.1 mg) 1 h later. The protective efficacy of the KPC-2 recombinant protein vaccine was evaluated by comparing the survival rates, bacterial colonization and histopathological changes between vaccine group and adjuvant group as well as the survival rates between meropenem group and normal saline group. Moreover, the protective efficacy of polyclonal antibodies against KPC-2 was evaluated through passive immunization. Results:The level of specific IgG antibodies in serum was significantly higher in the vaccine group than in the adjuvant group ( t=4.325, P<0.05). The survival rate in the vaccine group was also higher than that of the adjuvant group [70% (7/10) vs 10% (1/10), P<0.05]. Furthermore, lung inflammation was less severe and bacterial burden was reduced in the vaccine group as compared with those of the control group ( t=3.127, P<0.05). Both active and passive vaccination strategies demonstrated strong protective efficacy against Klebsiella pneumoniae infection, and had a synergistic effect when used in combination with antibiotic therapy. The polyclonal antibodies against KPC-2 had bactericidal activity in vitro ( t=5.427, P<0.05). Conclusions:The prepared KPC-2 vaccine has better immunogenicity and protective efficacy. It can induce strong humoral immune responses. This study suggest that drug resistance target may be used as a candidate antigen for future vaccine development.

As a potential vectored vaccine,Newcastle disease virus(NDV)has been subject to various studies for vaccine development,while relatively little research has outlined the immunomodulatory effect of the virus in antigen presentation.To elucidate the key inhibitory factor in regulating the interaction of infected dendritic cells(DCs)and T cells,DCs were pretreated with the NDV vaccine strain LaSota as an inhibitor and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)for further detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),flow cytometry,immunoblotting,and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).The results revealed that NDV infection resulted in the inhibition of interleukin(IL)-12p40 in DCs through a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)-dependent manner,thus inhibiting the synthesis of IL-12p70,leading to the reduction in T cell proliferation and the secretion of interferon-γ(IFN-γ),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and IL-6 induced by DCs.Consequently,downregulated cytokines accelerated the infection and viral transmission from DCs to T cells.Furthermore,several other strains of NDV also exhibited inhibitory activity.The current study reveals that NDV can modulate the intensity of the innate?adaptive immune cell crosstalk critically toward viral invasion improvement,highlighting a novel mechanism of virus-induced immunosuppression and providing new perspectives on the improvement of NDV-vectored vaccine.

Objective:To evaluate the influencing factors and predictive value of renal function recovery in elderly patients with heart failure(HF)and acute renal injury(AKI)after intermittent veno-venous hemofiltration(IVVH)using critical care ultrasound.Methods:The clinical data of elderly patients with heart failure(NYHF grade Ⅲ~Ⅳ)complicated with acute kidney injury(stage 2~stage 3)who underwent intravenous veno-venous hemofiltration(IVVH)in the critical care unit(CCU)of our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.The demographic information of the patients and the changes in clinical biochemical and critical care ultrasound monitoring parameters before and after 7 days of IVVH were recorded.Based on the recovery of renal function, the patients were divided into two groups: a renal function recovery group and a renal function non-recovery group.Logistic regression and Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve(ROC)curve analysis were performed to determine the predictive value of various influencing factors on the recovery of renal function in patients.Results:A total of 178 patients were enrolled in this study.After starting IVVH treatment, renal function recovered in 143 cases at 30 days, and in 138 cases at 90 days.However, renal function did not recover in 35 cases at 30 days, and in 40 cases at 90 days.The proportion of NYHF Ⅲ patients、the proportion of diabetic patients、the decrease of Beta 2-microglobulin(β2-MC)、the decrease of Cystain C(CysC)、the increase of venous transit time index(VTI)、the increase of Cardiac Output(CO)and the decrease in renal blood flow resistance index(RI)in the recovery groups at both 30 days and 90 days was significantly higher than that in the non-recovery group(all P<0.05).The total treatment time of IVVH in the recovery group was significantly shorter than that in the non-recovery group, with 30 days and 90 days( P<0.05).Logistic analysis revealed that the total treatment time of IVVH( OR=1.067, P<0.001), VTI( OR=0.652, P=0.024), CO( OR=0.037, P<0.001), and RI(OR<0.001, P=0.010)of the interlobar artery were identified as independent factors influencing the recovery of renal function in AKI patients at 30 days and 90 days after IVVH treatment.The ROC curve demonstrated the predictive value of various independent influencing factors for 30-day renal function recovery.The area under the curve(AUC)for VTI was 0.610(95% CI: 0.513-0.707), for CO it was 0.760(95% CI: 0.656-0.864), and for RI it was 0.694(95% CI: 0.589-0.799).Similarly, the ROC curve showed the predictive value of these factors for renal function recovery at 90 days.The AUC for VTI was 0.654(95% CI: 0.564-0.744), for CO it was 0.697(95% CI: 0.605-0.789), and for interlobar artery RI it was 0.605(95% CI: 0.495-0.715). Conclusions:The venous transit time index(VTI), cardiac output(CO), and renal interlobar artery RI, monitored by critical care ultrasound, are independent factors that can be used to evaluate the recovery of renal function in elderly patients with HF and AKI after IVVH treatment.Additionally, the changes in these parameters within 7 days after IVVH treatment have a high predictive value for the improvement of renal function in elderly patients after 30 days and 90 days.

Objective:To analyze the effect of birth parity on life expectancy (LE) and healthy life expectancy (HLE) among rural women.Method:A total of 15 304 women aged 40 to 79 years who participated in baseline and follow-up surveys were selected from a rural cohort in Henan province. The LE and HLE of women with different birth parity were calculated by using multi-state life table.Results:There were 1 195 (7.8%), 7 782 (50.8%), 3 867 (25.3%) and 2 460 (16.1%) women with 1, 2, 3 and 4 birth parities, respectively, and the M ( Q1 and Q3) of age were 50.3 (47.3, 53.4) and 53.3 (48.8, 60.7), 62.6 (55.4, 66.9) and 69.5 (64.7, 73.4) years old, respectively. LE at 40 years old was 44.5, 44.8, 45.1 and 45.4 years old, and HLE was 17.7, 18.3, 18.8 and 19.3 years old, respectively. LE at age 40 increased by 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 years in women with 2, 3, and 4 birth parities or more and HLE increased by 0.5, 1.1, and 1.6 years, respectively, compared with women with 1 birth parity. For women with higher and lower socioeconomic status who had 4 birth parities or more, the LE at age 40 was 47.1 and 43.9 years, respectively, an increase of 0.2 and 0.1 years over women with 1 birth parity, respectively; and the HLE was 20.4 and 18.7 years, respectively, an increase of 1.4 and 1.3 years over women with 1 birth parity, respectively. Conclusion:LE and HLE show an upward trend with the increase of birth parity among rural women.

Objective To investigate the effect of remimazolam(RE)on myocardial injury in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(MI/R)rats and its mechanism.Methods The MI/R rat model was constructed and divided into sham group,MI/R model group,RE low,medium,high dose group(RE-L,RE-M,RE-H group)and Yes associated protein(YAP)inhibitor verteporfin group.Left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)and left ventricular fractional shortening(LVFS)were recorded in each group and commercially available kit was applied to detect the level of myocardial injury marker like LDH,c-TnI and CK-MB.The size of myocardial infarction was evaluated by TTC staining.Pathological changes in myocardial tissue was microscopied by HE staining.The apoptosis of myocardial cell was observed by TUNEL method.Expression of Hippo/YAP signaling pathway proteins in myocardial tissue was detected by Western blot.Results Compared to the sham surgery group,the myocardial structure of rats in the model group was disrupted,myocardial cells were reduced,the LVFS and LVEF were decreased,the expression of YAP was greatly reduced.The level of serum LDH,CK-MB,cTnI,myocardial infarction area,myocardial cell ap-optosis rate,p-MST1/MST1,p-LATS1/LATS1 and p-YAP expression were all significantly increased(P＜0.05);As compared to model group,the pathological change in myocardial tissue of rats in the low,medium,and high-dose RE groups was greatly reduced.The LVFS and LVEF were increased.The expression of YAP was significantly increased.The serum level of LDH,CK-MB,cTnI,the myocardial infarction area,myocardial cell apoptosis rate,p-MST1/MST1,p-LATS1/LATS1 and p-YAP expression were evidently reduced(P＜0.05).The YAP inhibitor verteporfin reversed the improvement effect of RE on myocardial injury in MI/R rats.Conclusions RE may improve cardiac function in MI/R rats,alleviate myocardial infarction and myocardial cell apoptosis and inhibit my-ocardial injury by regulating the Hippo/YAP signaling pathway.

Objective:To analyze the effect of birth parity on life expectancy (LE) and healthy life expectancy (HLE) among rural women.Method:A total of 15 304 women aged 40 to 79 years who participated in baseline and follow-up surveys were selected from a rural cohort in Henan province. The LE and HLE of women with different birth parity were calculated by using multi-state life table.Results:There were 1 195 (7.8%), 7 782 (50.8%), 3 867 (25.3%) and 2 460 (16.1%) women with 1, 2, 3 and 4 birth parities, respectively, and the M ( Q1 and Q3) of age were 50.3 (47.3, 53.4) and 53.3 (48.8, 60.7), 62.6 (55.4, 66.9) and 69.5 (64.7, 73.4) years old, respectively. LE at 40 years old was 44.5, 44.8, 45.1 and 45.4 years old, and HLE was 17.7, 18.3, 18.8 and 19.3 years old, respectively. LE at age 40 increased by 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 years in women with 2, 3, and 4 birth parities or more and HLE increased by 0.5, 1.1, and 1.6 years, respectively, compared with women with 1 birth parity. For women with higher and lower socioeconomic status who had 4 birth parities or more, the LE at age 40 was 47.1 and 43.9 years, respectively, an increase of 0.2 and 0.1 years over women with 1 birth parity, respectively; and the HLE was 20.4 and 18.7 years, respectively, an increase of 1.4 and 1.3 years over women with 1 birth parity, respectively. Conclusion:LE and HLE show an upward trend with the increase of birth parity among rural women.

Objective To compare the effects of visual rigid laryngoscope and visual laryngoscope in nasotracheal intubation(NTI)for patients with cervical spine immobilization simulated difficult airway.Methods Ninety patients scheduled for selective surgery under general anesthesia requiring NTI,52 males and 38 females,aged 18-64 years,BMI 18.5-25.0 kg/m2,ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,were scheduled for selective surgery under general anesthesia requiring NTI.Before anesthesia induction,the spinal surgeon selected an appropriate cervical collar and adjusted it to fix patient's neck to establishing difficult airway sim-ulation model.All patients were randomly assigned into two groups:visual rigid laryngoscope(group R)and common visual laryngoscope(group C),45 patients in each group.NTI was performed using either visual rigid laryngoscope or visual laryngoscope in groups R and C,respectively.The nasal passage time,glottic exposure time,intubation time,number of successful first intubation attempts,and intubation attempts were recorded.Glottic exposure was assessed using the Cormack-Lehane(C-L)grading system,and the intuba-tion condition was quantitatively evaluated using the modified nasal intubation difficulty scale(NIDS).The blood pressure and heart rate were measured at baseline(T1),immediately after intubation(T2),and at 1 minute(T3)and 3 minutes(T4)after intubation.The occurrence of intubation-related complications(nasal bleeding,sore throat,hoarseness)was recorded.Results Compared with group C,the nasal passage time and proportion of successful intubations without difficulty were significantly increased in group R,and the glottic exposure time and intubation time were significantly decreased in group R(P<0.05).Compared with group C,the HR and MAP at T2 and T3 were significantly decreased in group R(P<0.05).Com-pared with group C,group R had significantly lower incidence rates of nasal bleeding,sore throat,and hoarseness(P<0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in the first intubation success rate,number of intubation attempts,or C-L grade between the two groups.Conclusion Patients with cer-vical spine immobilization simulated difficult airway,both visual rigid laryngoscope and visual laryngoscope can be performed safely and effectively in NTI.Compared with visual laryngoscope,visual rigid laryngoscope can provide faster glottic exposure,shorter intubation time,lower intubation difficulty,less hemodynamic impact,and lower incidence of complications.