Objective: To explore the impacts of demographic structure, environmental quality on household health care expenditures. Methods: Based on 2000-2010 inter-provincial panel data, the method of dynamic panel SYS GMM is used. Results:(1) The rise of elederly dependency ratio promotes residents’ health care expenditures; (2) the decline in juvenile dependency ratio is also the acceleration factor of health care expenditures; (3) the seriousness of environmental quality pollution expands the health care demand. Conclusion: To improve the health status residents, it is needed to implement the medical insurance system for the eldly, construct the health care insurance system for the children, besides, environment protection should be people oriented.

Objective To screen out the tetrahydrobiopterin def iciency in patients with hyperphenylalaninemia by urinary pterin analysis. Methods Analysis of urinary neopterin (N) and biopterin (B) was done in 96 patients with hyperphenylalaninemia by high performance liquid chromatography. Combined BH4 loading test was performed for patients with abnormal urinary pterin profiles. Results Eleven patients were diagnosed as ha ving BH4 deficiency caused by 6 pyruvoyl tetrahydrobiopterin synthase deficiency. They had a much high N/B ratio(N/B:197?250) and a very low B percentage (1.0?0.8)%. Blood phenylalanine levels were decreased from (720 1 200) ?mol/L to (120 240) ?mol/L after taking BH4 tablets in 4 of 11 patients. Conclusion The incidence of BH4 deficiency among hyperphenylalaninemia is about 12%. Analysis of urinary pterin is feasible and effective in screening of BH4 deficiency.

Objective To explore the prevalence of poor behaviors and factors among patients with type 2 diabetes in urban areas of Guangzhou.Method Self-designed questionnaire was conducted among 369 patients with type 2 diabetes and factors on poor behaviour were analysed by binany logistic regression.Results Among 369 subjects with type 2 diabetes,80 cases(21.7%)currently smoked,41(11.1%)currently used alcohol and 65(16.9%)were lack of physical activity in leisure time.Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that female,diabetes-related knowledge and health demands were significantly and negatively associated with smoking,alcohol use and the lack of physical activity; compared with unmarried cases,those who got married,divorced or loosed spouse significantly had the higher risk of smoking,one who got married had the lower risk of using alcohol; the cases with aged and high family income had the lower risk of lack of physical activity in leisure time.Conclusion There were a higher prevalence of poor lifestyle behaviors among these patients with type 2 diabetes,and there was a significant difference of the poor lifestyle behaviors in those with different characteristics,and the cases with good diabetes-related knowledge well encouraged them giving up the poor lifestyle behaviors.

Objective To explore the effects of interactive health education on the knowledge and behaviors of medicine use and the biochemistry indicators in hemodialysis patients. Methods Forty-eight eligible hemodialysis patients were intervened with interactive health education once every month. After three times'intervention, phosphorus, hemoglobin and hematocrit level were compared before and after the intervention. Results After the intervention, phosphorus, levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit were all significantly improved ( P<0 . 001 ) compared with that before the intervention . Conclusion The interactive health education can improve the knowledge and compliance behaviors in medicine use, serum phosphate and symptoms of anemia in hemodialysis patients.

Objective: To investigate association between psychosocial factors and anxious and depressive disorders in patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods: 172 patients with type 2 diabetes were inquired with a self-administered questionnaire about their socio-demographic characteristics, perceived stress caused by the disease, coping styles, social support. At the same time, anxious and depressive disorders were assessed with HAD.Results:Among our sample, 35 (20.3%) patients with anxiety, 33 (19.2%) with depression. After adjusting for gender, age, marital status, educational level and income, multivariate logistic regression analysis found the following results. Perceived stress from "Worrying about to be harmed by the disease"(OR=1.76,95%CI 1.12~2.77),"Social/family crisis caused by the disease"(OR=1.85, 95%CI 1.18~2.92),"Worrying about declining in body/physical function"(OR=2.16, 95%CI 1.28~3.67), "Declined economic condition"(OR=2.03,95%CI 1.27~3.26)and "Negative coping styles"(OR=1.94,95%CI 1.26~2.97)were significantly associated with anxious disorders. The perceived stress from "Social/family crisis caused by disease"(OR=1.79, 95%CI 1.09~2.96), "Worrying about declining in body/physical function"(OR=2.89, 95%CI 1.59~5.24)and "Negative coping styles"(OR=1.95,95%CI 1.23~3.11)were significantly associated with depressive disorders, while patients "Taking avoidant measures"(OR=0.52, 95%CI 0.30~0.90)were less depressive disorders.Conclusion: Anxious and depressive disorders in patients with 2 type diabetes were significantly associated with patients' perceived stress from the disease and their coping styles.

nts were tend to suffer from AKI, with the most common cause of pre-renal injury and drugs such as antibiotics and contrast medium used in X-ray imaging. Outcomes of the patients with AKI depends on severity of their kidney injury.

Objective To investigate the sleep quality of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients and analyze its associated factors. Methods The convenience sample method was used to choose 424 MHD patients from 7 hospitals.A set of questionnaires were used in this investigation,including demographic data form,Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI),restless legs syndrome (RLS),social support rate scale (SSRS),subjective global assessment (SGA),family APGAR index (APGAR) and family burden scale of disease (FBS). Results PSQI score of 395 MHD patients (93.2％) was ≥5.APGAR and social support total points were negatively correlated with sleep quality (r=-0.133,P=0.006; r=-0.105,P=0.031).Family burden total point was positively correlated with sleep quality (r=0.215,P=0.000).Nutrition (F=46.123,P=0.000),restless legs syndrome (F=9.392,P=0.000) and sleep apnea syndrome (F=5.645,P=0.001) were closely associated with sleep index scores. Conclusions Incidence of poor sleep quality in MHD patients of our study is quite high.Sleep quality of MHD patients is correlated with lots of factors,such as family concern,social support.

Objective To evaluate the practical efficacy of comparison method in experimental teaching of pathological anatomy.Methods The junior college students of stomatology were divided into experimental group (n =48) and control group (n =48) randomly.Students in experimental group adopted the experimental teaching with comparison method of pathological anatomy and histology while those in control group followed the traditional experimental teaching.Experiment examination results of two groups were compared and questionnaire investigation was carried out among students in experimental group.Results Average score of experiment examination in experimental group was (88.35 ±5.68) while that in control group was (78.35 ±4.86),with statistical differences (P ＜0.01).The results of questionnaire investigation showed that students in experiment group preferred comparison teaching method.Conclusions Comparison teaching method is feasible,the mechanism of which emphasizes gaining new knowledge by reviewing the old and strengthens the contact of basic subjects,therefore it is conducive to enhancing the quality of pathological experimental teaching.

AIM: To compare the difference in serum prolactin levels and the concentrations of anti-infective factors of human colostrums between normal labor and cesarean section. METHODS: The serum prolactin levels were measured at 48 h, 96 h after parturition in 100 cases of normal labor and cesarean using radioimmunoassay. Furthermore, the levels of SIgA, IgG, IgM, C3, C4 were tested in 100 cases at the same time using the technique of immuno-turbidimetry. RESULTS: The serum prolactin levels in normal labor tested at 48 h after parturition were significantly different with that of the cesarean section group. But there was no significant difference in serum prolatin levels 96 h after parturition between the two groups. The levels of SIgA,IgG,IgM,C3 and C4 of the colostrum in the cesarean group were higher significantly than those of the normal group at 48 h after parturition. (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). At 96 h after parturition, there was no significant difference in SIgA, IgG, IgM and C3 between the two groups except C4. CONCLUSION: At 48 h after paturition, the serum prolactin levels of normal labor group are higher than that of the cesarean section group. The concentrations of anti-infective factors (SIgA, IgG, IgM, C3 and C4) of human colostrums at 48 h after paturition in cesarean section group are higher than those of normal labor group.

Objective To explore appropriate management of cancer report for general hospital and analyze the effect.Methods Based on the requirements of cancer report for general hospital that formulated by the health administrative departments,we set the rule and process of malignancy report.We clear the responsibilities of reporting and the management,strengthen the training of malignancies report,make regular supervision and evaluation,and gradually use information live system to monitor malignancies report.Results In 2006-2010,the number of reports of malignancy in our general hospital has a upward trend.The false negative rate and delaying rate decreased year by year.The pass rate of the report card increased year by year,and the difference was statistically significant (＜0.05).With the increase of the rate of training for malignancies report,rate of timely report increased significantly.Conclusion General hospitals should use their own conditions to the development of scientific and operational report management systems and processes for malignancies.Attention should be paid to the combine of training and management and the gradual standardizing of the malignancies reporting.