Objective To discuss the diagnostic value of serum cystatin-C(Cys-C) and urinary retinol binding protein(RBP) for the early renal impairment in multiple myeloma(MM) patients .Methods According to estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR) , the MM patients were divided into two groups :the normal renal function group(eGFR≥90 mL/min ,n=78)marked group A ,the renal impairment group(eGFR<90 mL/min ,n=40)marked group B .130 healthy subjects were selected as control group .The con-centrations of serum Cys-C ,urinary RBP ,serum creatinine(Cr) and serum urea nitrogen(UN) were measured and compared .Results The levels of Cys-C and RBP in group A were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0 .01) .There were signifi-cant difference of the levels of Cys-C ,Cr ,UN and RBP levels between group B and control group(P<0 .01) .The sensitivity of the combined detection of Cys-C and RBP was 57 .69% ,significantly higher than single index test(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Compared with traditional biomarkers ,Cys-C and RBP are more sensitive and effective indexes for the diagnosis of early renal impairment in the patients with MM ,and jointed detection of the two biomarkers has important value .

Objective To investigate the role of rheumatoid factor(RF) ,C‐reactive protein(CRP) ,erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis(RA) .Methods 74 RA patients and 90 patients with symptoms similar to RA were recruited in the study randomly .Blood samples were detected for the levels of RF ,CRP ,ESR .The results were compared between two groups .Receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC) was used to access the diagnostic efficiency .Results The levels of RF , CRP ,ESR of RA group were (271 .4 ± 560 .9)IU/mL ,(28 .7 ± 35 .6)mg/L ,(60 .9 ± 40 .1)mm/h ,respectively ,and were higher than those of control group which were (56 .8 ± 189 .3)IU/mL ,(15 .4 ± 24 .7)mg/L ,(45 .1 ± 33 .1)mm/h respectively .ROC analysis re‐vealed that the AUC of RF ,CRP ,ESR and combined detection of the 3 factors were 0 .784 ,0 .666 ,0 .615 ,0 .757 ,respectively with statistical significance(P<0 .05) .Conclusion RF ,CRP ,ESR are useful in the diagnosis of RA ,and RF has the highest diagnostic ef f iciency .

Objective To explore the effects of simvastatin in the treatment of hyperlipidemia fatty liver. Methods Animal models were set up by feeding high caloric diet. Liver index (liver weight/body weight), liver function, blood lipid, liver lipid, the content of MDA in serum and liver were assayed before and after therapy with simvastatin. Results Liver index, blood lipid, liver lipid, and the content of MDA in liver as well as in serum increased significantly ( P

Objective To explore the changes of cerebral vasoreactivity(CVR) in patients with acute cerebral infarction of various clinical subtypes.Methods The 70 patients with acute cerebral infarction were divided into 3 subtypes:atherothrombotic infarction (AI)group(n=22), lacunar infarction (LI)group(n=33), cardiogenic infarction (CI)group(n=15).The mean blood flow velocity (Vm), pulse index(PI), resistance index(RI) in bilateral middle cerebral artery(MCA) were detected, and breath holding index (BHI) was measured by TCD in these patients through breath holding test. All the data were compared with the health controls. Results Compared with normal control group,the Vm,PI and RI were significantly increased (P0.05). Conclusions There are differents in CVR in patients with acute cerebral infarction of various subtypes. The damage of CVR is more obviously in AI and LI group. There is clinical significance for measurement of CVR to evaluate the haemodynamic changes in various subtype of acute cerebral infarction.

Objective To explore clinical indications and curative effects of microwave coagulation combined with submucous 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) injection in the management of early-stage lower rectal cancer. Methods Nine patients with early-stage lower rectal cancer underwent microwave coagulation with submucous 5-FU injection from January 1996 to December 2002. After the microwave treatment, a retention enteroclysis with 100~200 ml normal saline containing 1.0 g 5-FU was performed once daily for 3 days. Results In 3 patients, levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), which were preoperatively increased, were reduced below normal limits after microwave treatment. No hemorrhage or other intra- or post-operative complications was observed. Follow-up observations to January 2006 showed that all the 9 patients survived. One patient survived for 3 years and 5 months, 1 patient survived for 3 years and 8 months, and 1 patient experienced a tumor relapse at 1 year and 4 months and survived for 2 years and 9 months after a Miles procedure. Among 6 patients who survived longer than 5 years, 1 survived for 5 years and 1 month, 1 for 6 years and 3 months, 1 for 6 years and 8 months, 1 for 7 years and 6 months, and 2 for 9 years. Conclusions Surgical indications for microwave coagulation combined with submucous 5-FU injection for rectal cancer included early-stage cancer, lesions located within 7 cm away from the anus, the mass type cancer, tumor diameter at 0.5~3.0 cm or less than one third of the rectum’s circumference, well differentiated tumor, and patient’s strong anus-sparing demand. This method is minimally invasive, safe, reliable, and cost-effective.

Objective To assess the cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) in health subjects and patients with risk factors by means of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) with breath-holding maneuver, and its association with risk factors of cerebrovascular disease.Methods The breath-holding index (BHI), which was the percentage increase in middle cerebral artery(MCA)blood flow velocity and was as index of CVR assessment, was detected during breath-holding by TCD and breath-holding technique in 137 patients with various risk-factors of cerebrovascular disease and 87 normal controls.The regression analysis was done between the CVR and risk factors.Results The mean blood velocity before (Vm) and after holding test (Vm′) were significantly lower in group with age of 20-40 years than that of the age of 41-60 and over 60 years(all P

The buccoversion malpositon of maxillary second molars is one kind of common malocclusion.It can lead to damages to stoma-tognathic system.The adjustable maxillary molar retractor is an effective tool in the early treatment of this kind of malposition.

Objective To explore the effects of different courses of antenatal dexamethasone on brain development of premature SD rats. Methods The pregnant rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups: 3-dose dexamethasone (group 1), 1-dose dexamethasone group (group 2) and control group. The treated were sacrificed on 19 days of gestation, body and whole brain weight of the offspring rats were measured. Meanwhile the expression o{ neuron specific enolase (NSE) in brains of offspring rats was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The histological structures of baby rat brain were observed under transmission electron microscope. The differences among the three groups were analyzed by ANOVA. Results (1) The body and whole brain weight, the brain and body weight ratio were (1.543±0.052) g, (88.80±7.12) mg, and (5.75±0.38)% in group 1 and (1.584±0.035) g,(98.21±3.71) mg, and (6.20±0.26)% in group 2, both were lower than the control group [(1.696±0.076) g, (111.53±6.29) mg, (6.59±0.48)%], (P<0.01 or P<0.05, respectively). (2) The expression of NSE in cortex in group 1 and 2 were lower than that in control group (0.223±0.054, 0.381±0.041 vs 0.590±0.064) (P<0.01). The expression of NSE in hippocampi in group 1 and 2 were also lower than that in the control group (0.192±0.054, 0.359 ±0.046 vs 0.529±0.068) (P<0.01). (3) Disconnection of nuclei membrane, vacuolization in mitochondria, loss of nueleolus, and disconnection of neurofilaments were observed in the ultrastructure of baby rat brain tissue in both group 1 and 2. Conclusions Antenantal administration of dexamethasone can cause impairment of brain development in premature offspring rats and this might be related to the times of dexamethasone administered.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety of transabdominal perposterior mediastinum radical operation in the treatment of cardiac carcinoma. Methods Twenty-six cases of cardiac carcinoma invading low esophagus underwent transabdominal posterior mediastinum radical resection. Among them 9 patients received radical proximal gastroesophagectomy, and 17 cases did radical total gastroesophagectomy. Results The procedures were all successful. The mean operation time for total gastrectomy was (189±39) min, proximal subtotal gastrectomy was (153±35) min. The averge blood loss of total gastrectomy was (200±80) ml, proximal subtotal gastrectomy was (168±76) ml. The harvest of celiac lymph nodes were (23.3±7.3), esophageal lymph nodes were (4.1±2.0). Pneumonia was complicated in 4 cases and there was no anastomotic hemorrhage, leakage nor stenosis. All patients were followed up from 5 to 51 months, liver metastasis was found in 4 cases, lung metastasis in 2 patients and death in 1. There was no anastomotic stoma tumor recurrence. Conclusion It was feasible and safe to perform transabdominal perposterior mediastinum radical operation for cardiac carcinoma patients, provided that diaphragms was not involved and tumor invaded esophageal length was less than 5 cm.

BACKGROUND:Induced pluripotent stem cel s have great prospects in tissue repair, due to the characteristic of self-renewal, multi-directional differentiation, no immunological rejection and ethics controversy.
OBJECTIVE:To summarize the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cel s towards cardiomyocytes and endothelial cel s, and their applications in the cardiovascular diseases.
METHODS:The first author performed a data retrieval of PubMed and CNKI databases from 2000 to 2015 to search articles addressing the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cel s towards cardiomyocytes and endothelial cel s, and reviewed the literatures systematical y. Final y, 78 articles were chosen for further analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Induced pluripotent stem cel s can differentiate into cardiovascular cel s through a variety of methods. Factors such as cyclosporin A and ascorbic acid C may improve myocardial differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cel s, while vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor may improve the endothelial differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cel s. Cardiovascular cel s derived from induced pluripotent stem cel s can be applied to build disease models in vitro, transplantation in vivo and drug screening.