Objective To study the effect of CsA in a therapeutic dose on the hepatic ultrastructure in rats.Methods Twenty-four SD rats were divided into 3 groups.The control group was orally administered olive oil,and the other 2 groups were orally given CsA 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg daily respectively.After 2 weeks.the liver samples were taken for ultrathin sections.The stereological method was used to quantify some hepatic ultrastructural parameters including volume density (Vv),surface density(Sv),numerical density(Nv) and specific surface(δ).Results CsA caused an increases of Vv and Sv and a decrease of δ in endoplasmic reticulum;a decreases of Vv and Nv in microbody;decreases of Vv in Golgi complex and glycogen inclusions;an increases of Vv and Nv in lipid inclusions.Conclusion CsA in a therapeutic dose could cause the change of hepatic ultrastructure of rat.

Objective: To establish an ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry ( UPLC-MS/MS) method to determine the concentration of carbamazepine and phenobarbital in human plasma, and apply in the clinical moni-toring. Methods:Diazepam was used as the internal standard, and the samples were precipitated by acetonitrile. An ACQUITY UPL-C? BEH C18 (50 mm × 2. 1 mm, 1. 7 μm) column was used as the stationary phase at 40℃ with a Waters XEVO TQD. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile (containing 10 mmol·L-1 ammonium formate) and water (containing 10 mmol·L-1 ammonium for-mate and 0. 1% formic acid) with gradient elution pumped at a flow rate of 0. 4 ml·min-1 . ESI was applied and the samples were scanning analyzed by positive ion multi-reaction monitoring mode. The plasma was precipitated by 200 μl acetonitrile and centrifugated at 12 000 × g for 10 min and tranfer it into an Ep tube. The sample size was 20 μl. Results:The retention time of carbamazepine was 1. 23 min. Excellent linear calibration curves of carbamazepine were obtained within the concentration range of 0. 25-25μg·ml-1(r=0. 999 7). The lower limit of quantification of carbamazepine was 0. 01 μg·ml-1. The retention time of phenobarbital was 1. 11 min. Excellent linear calibration curves of carbamazepine were obtained within the concentration range of 0. 5-50 μg·ml-1(r=0. 999 6). The lower limit of quantification of carbamazepine was 0. 05 μg·ml-1. The recovery of three concentrations of carbamazepine was (82. 1 ± 6. 83)%, (82. 91 ± 4. 3)% and (84. 35 ± 3. 09)%, and the recovery of three concentrations of phenobarbital was (84. 27 ± 6. 91)%, (84. 32 ± 7. 74)% and (89. 07 ± 6. 24)%, respectively. The intra- and inter-day RSDs were all less than 10%. There were no endogenous substances existing in the incubation system, therefore, there was no interference with the determination. Conclu-sion:The simple, accurate and rapid method is suitable for the determination of carbamazepine and phenobarbital in human plasma, which can contribute greatly to the therapeutic drug monitoring service for patients.

Objective To evaluate the effect of gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)on exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods All of 74 patients with COPD accomplishing the reflux diagnostic questionnaire(RDQ)were.divided into GERD group(n=38)and non-GERD group(n=36)according the scores of RDQ.The clinical data including the frequency of exacerbations of COPD were compared between the two groups.Results The frequency of exacerbations of COPD was significantly higher in GERD group compared with that in non-GERD group[(2.68±0.77)times/year vs (1.38±0.49)times/year,t=8.74,P＜0.05].The mean FEV;percentage was similar in the two groups [(39.82 4-10.95)%vs(37.11±12.24)%,t=1.00,P＞0.05].The score of RDQ was probably as a factor of predicting the frequency of exacerbations of COPD(R2a=o.39,t=6.98,P＜0.05).Conclusion The presence of GERD appears to be associated with increased exacerbations of COPD.

Objective To explore the value of electronic colonoscope,MSCT and MRI in the etiological diagnosis of intestinal obstruction.Methods The clinical data of 140 ileus patients were retrospectively studied.Results 140 cases of ileus included 60 cases of colon ileus,70 cases of small intestines ileus and 7 indefinite cases.67 cases were checked with colonoscopy,among them,41 cases with colon tumors,6 cases with colon polypi,6 cases with colon set folds,2 cases with sigmoid colon turned round,2 cases with ileum tumor and 10 cases with unknown reason.80 cases were checked by MSCT checks,among them,26 cases with small intestines tumor 24 cases with small intestines muck piece,23 cases with unknown reasons,2 cases with muck stone 2,4 cases with bowel chamber outside lymphoid lump,1 case with bowel fastens film blood to bolt.30 cases were kept to cure.2 cases were turn round to reset under the eolonoscopy,3 cases were set folds air to infuse bowel to reset,6 cases with inside the mirror descend colon polyp were resected with hish frequency electricity resection.99 cases were cured by surgical operation.5 cases were dead and 135 cases were recovered from illness.Conclusion Electronic colonoscopy,MSCT and MRI checking are accurate methods to diagnose why and where of ileus,and which establish importance basts for clinical treatment.

Objective To evaluate the protective effects of oral administration of D-methionine tablets on noise-induced hearing loss.Methods A total of 203 volunteers were recruited and randomly divided into two groups:experimental group (n=113)and control group (n=90).The subjects in the experimental group received oral administration of D-methionine tablets(1 500 mg/day)and those in the control group received placebo for 3 days before impulse noise exposure.The routine audiometric evaluation and ABR testing were performed and recor-ded 1 day and 7 days post- noise exposure.The statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS 11.0.ResuIts The changes of hearing in all participators were observed after noise exposure.The results were as follow:The hearing thresh-olds at three time points were 40.5±9.3,51.7±12.3,44.1±11.4 dB nHL in experimental group and 41.5±8.9,62.4± 13.7,47.6±12.5 dB nHL in control group,respectlvely;the ABR I-V IPLs at three time points were 3.72±0.21 ms, 3.99±0.36 ms,3.82±0.25 ms in experimental group,while 3.71±0.22 ms,4.45±0.37 ms,3.85±0.34 ms in control group,respectively.There were statistically significant differences between the two groups.ConcIusion The oral adminis-tration of D-methionine tablets pre noise exposure can protect against noise-induced hearing loss.

Objective To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on the cerebral injury in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods Forty ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients of both sexes,aged 43-64 yr,scheduled for elective cardiac valve replacement,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =20 each):control group (group C) and dexmedetomidine group (group D).Dexmedetomidine 0.6 μg/kg was injected intravenously over 15 min before induction of anesthesia,followed by infusion at 0.2μg· kg-1 · h-1 until the end of operation in group D.While the equal volume of normal saline was given in group C.Blood samples were obtained from the radial artery and jugular bulb for blood gas analysis before CPB,immediatelv after declamping of the ascending aorta,at the end of CPB and at 6 h after operation (T1-4).The arteriovenous blood O2 difference (Da-jvO2) and cerebral O2 extraction rate (CERO2) were calculated.The plasma concentrations of S-100β and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in the blood samples obtained from the jugular bulb were measured at T1-4 and 24 h after operation.Results Compared with group C,the jugular venous oxygen saturation was significantly increased and Da-jvO2 and CERO were decreased at T2,3,and the plasma concentrations of S100β and NSE were decreased at T2-4 in group D (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can decrease the cerebral O2 metabolic rate and reduce the cerebral injury in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement under CPB.

Objective To observe the effect of wound specialist group on preventing and managing pressure ulcer in operation. Methods The knowledge about pressure ulcer and ability of risk assessment for pressure ulcer of operating room nurses were tested and the incidenc-es of pressure ulcer were compared before and after the intervention of the wound specialist group. Results After the intervention of the wound specialist group, the passing rate of nurses in operating room increased from 58.23%to 94.11%in pressure ulcer theory (χ2=29.63, P<0.001) and from 56.96%to 95.29%in new type of dressings paste (χ2=33.80, P<0.001), and the rate of pressure ulcer risk factor assessment increased from 56.38%to 93.35%(χ2=5828.07, P<0.001), accuracy of assessment increased from 56.23%to 96.78%(χ2=4674.89, P<0.001). The incidence of intraoperative acute pressure ulcer decreased from 1.5‰to 0.22‰(χ2=17.59, P<0.001). Conclusion The intervention of wound specialist group may improve the awareness of assessing risk factors of pressure ulcer in the operation room and standardize the oper-ation to prevent pressure ulcer, and reduce the incidence of pressure ulcer in operation.

The possibility of rats mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) modified with murine hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated 2 (mHCN2) gene as biological pacemakers in vitro was studied. The cultured MSCs were transfected with pIRES2-EGFP plasmid carrying enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene and mHCN2 gene. The identification using restriction enzyme and sequencing indicated that the mHCN2 gene was inserted to the pIRES2-EGFP. Green fluorescence could be seen in MSCs after transfection for 24-48 h. The expression of mHCN2 mRNA and protein in the transfected cells was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot, and the quantity of mHCN2 mRNA and protein expression in transfected MSCs was 5.31 times and 7.55 times higher than that of the non-transfected MSCs respectively (P<0.05, P<0.05). I(HCN2) was recorded by whole-cell patch clamp method. The effect of Cs(+), a specific blocker of pacemaker current, was measured after perfusion by patch clamp. The results of inward current indicated that there was no inward current recording in non-transfected MSCs and a large voltage-dependent inward and Cs(+)-sensitive current activated on hyperpolarizations presented in the transfected MSCs. I(HCN2) was fully activated around -140 mV with an activation threshold of -60 mV. The midpoint (V(50)) was -95.1+/-0.9 mV (n=9). The study demonstrates that mHCN2 mRNA and protein can be expressed and the currents of HCN2 channels can be detected in genetically modified MSCs. The gene-modified MSCs present a novel method for pacemaker genes into the heart or other electrical syncytia.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism and clinical features of pseudomembranous colitis(PMC)caused by antitubercular agents for providing a reference for its clinial treatment.Methods:One PMC case was admitted to our hospital in January 2019, and the remaining 27 cases were reported at home and abroad from January 1990 to May 2020 after the application of anti-tuberculosis drugs, all of which were obtained by literature retrieval.The domestic and foreign literature on PMC caused by antitubercular agents were reviewed.The agents causing PMC, clinical characteristics and prognosis were analyzed and summarized.Results:In this paper, 28 PMC cases caused by anti-tuberculosis drugs were reviewed.The ratio of men to women was 1.0∶1.5, with a median age of 65.5 years.The 22 cases were aged 60 years and over, accounting for 78.6 percent.The onset time of PMC symptoms in 28 patients was from 6 d to 126 d after anti-tuberculosis treatment, with a median time of 32 d. All patients immediately after diagnosis of PMC stopped all anti-tuberculosis drugs, and received metronidazole or vancomycin, with a good prognosis.Seven cases relapsed after continuing anti-tuberculosis treatment.Of them, 4 cases had no recurrence only after stopping or replacing rifampicin with other drugs.Conclusions:The incidence of PMC is increased in elderly patients with long-term use of rifampicin anti-tuberculosis treatment, and it is easy to relapse.The prolonged use of rifampicin should be avoided or replaced with other anti-tubercular agents.