This restrospective case included 40 patients(79eyes)who underwent implantable collamer lens or toric implantable collamer lens implacement. Uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuities, refractions, posterior chamber intraocular lens vault,intraocular pressure,endothelial cell loss,cylinder axis of the toric intraocular lens were evaluated for moderate to high myopia and astigmatism. 2 years or above after operation mean uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuities were 0.830±0.269 and 0.980±0.241 respectively. The mean spherical equiva-lent was ( -0.66±1.08) D postoperatively. 29 eyes had implanted toric intraocular lens, which 24 eyes were un-der 15 degrees of the intended axis, 1 eye was under 30 degrees of the intended axis and 4 eyes were above 30 de-grees of the intended axis. The mean intraocular pressure was(1.76±0.41)kPa. The endothelial cell density loss was 11.18%. The mean vaults at 6 months and 2 years or above were (0.510±0.141)mm and (0.442±0.117) mm respectively. A statistically significant difference was found ( P <0.05 ) . Two sets of data were in the normal range. Phakic posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation appears safe and effective,which provides long-term predictable,stable refractive results.

The course of medical English fundamental reading carefully chooses reading materials from original English medical textbooks as the course materials, aiming at imparting the skills for reading biomedical English literature, and meeting the reading needs of medical undergraduates. In conducting this course, formative assessment is adopted, the frame of which is the theoretical model developed by Professor Wen Qiufang. There are three key phases in this model: setting up goals, eliciting learning evidence, and providing feedback. Three ways are employed to assess the course (symposium records, reflective journals and quizzes), which confirms that this model of formative assessment has improved the effectiveness of the course.

The language of English medical papers should be accurate, precise, clear and objective. Unfamiliar with these features and influenced by mother tongue, Chinese authors are prone to use unnecessary words, subjective expressions and long and confusing sentences, etc. To avoid those mistakes, they are suggested to practice a lot, keep a good reading habit and equip themselves with necessary searching skills, etc.

As a new interdisciplinary course, the current paper writing course for medical postgraduates exhibits certaln disadvantages. For example, the course does not well target the learners' needs because of the absence of the needs analysis before class;English or biomedical teachers fall to combine English with medicine, thus unable to provide ideal courses. As textbooks are an important means to improve the quality of the course, one way to reform the course is to compile high-quality textbooks by interdisciplinary talents. Meanwhile, the compiling process should be guided by needs analysis as well as the teaching and editing experiences. In addition, the textbooks need to be con-tinuously improved in teaching practice.

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the research ability,explore the reasons and point out the direction to improve the research ability of nurses in our hospital.Methods 375 cases of nurses in clinical work in our hospital were chosen with random sampling method to investigate the research ability.Results The variability of research ability score of nurses under investigation was comparatively large.The minimum of scores was 10,the maximum was 113 and the average score was 55.34±25.01.Various scores were all relatively low.The general trend is that the higher the academic and professional titles,the better the research ability.The various scores were independent of administrative rank.Conclusion General research ability of nurses in our hospital was relatively weak.It is necessary to train nurses in our hospital,especially those with lower academic and professional titles to improve the general research ability.

Medical English is an indispensible tool subject for medical students.However,the limited in-class teaching hours fail to provide adequate opportunities for students to participate in a diversity of subject-based tasks to practice medical English.Therefore,extracurricular activities serve as a complement to in-class teaching.Moreover,the features of extracurricular activities conform to those of Content-based instruction ( CBI),a teaching mode adopted in the teaching of ESP ( English for special purposes).The specific forms of extracurricular activities can be designed based on need analysis to cultivate the students' language competence in communicating biomedicine in Medical English.

Non-O1/O139 group of Vibrio cholerae can cause human acute diarrhea disease,while compared with the O1 and O139 groups;it often ignore the risk of the disease for human being.Therefore,we analyzed the molecular characteristics of 31 V.cholerae isolated from Yunnan Province.We used the agar disc diffusion method (K-B) to carry out the antibiotic sensitivity test;polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification for the detection of virulence gene;at the same time,all of strains were performed for pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST).The drug sensitivity test showed that 67.74％ strains were resistant to rifampin,29.03％ resistant to nalidixic acid and cotrimoxazole,all of the isolates were sensitive to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin;PCR results showed that all strains had the ompW gene,87.10％ strains had hly gene,25.81％ strains had rstREl tor,16.13％ strains had rstRClassical and tcpAEl tor,while CT rfbO1 and rfbO139 gene were negative;PFGE results showed that 31 strains had a trend of discrete height,the same PFGE identity pattern was not nearly found;for the analysis of MLST,we found the one new alleles of gyrB,four new alleles of mdh gene,six new alleles of metE gene,two new alleles of pntA,three new alleles of purM and four new alleles of pyrC gene.After permutation and combination,we found 17 new ST types for V.cholerae(ST273-ST289).Non-O1/O139 group V.cholerae showed a high degree of diversity,while the non-O1/O139 group of V.cholerae in Yunnan Province has a certain geographical features,which enriched the existing molecular typing system of V.cholerae.

In this study ,we intended to prepare anti‐Toxoplasma gondii aquaporin (TgAQP) peptide antibody which was used to the application in the detection of the aquaporin expression and its subcellular localization of Toxop lasma gondii (T .gondii) ME49 strain .The B cell peptide antigen was designed based on the TgAQP amino acids sequence .After the pep‐tide antigen was conjugated to the KLH ,the fusion antigen was injected into New Zealand rabbits to prepare polyclonal anti‐body ,followed by identification of ELISA ,Western‐blotting and immunofluorescence assays .The ELISA showed that the titer of anti‐TgAQP antibody was about 1∶40 000 .Western blotting revealed the specific affinity of the antigen to polyclonal anti‐body at 29 .9 kDa protein T .gondii .The protein detected by the indirect immunofluorescence assays was distributed in the cy‐toplasm of the parasite .Thus far ,the anti‐TgAQP polyclonal antibody was successfully prepared ,providing a useful tool for further study of biological function and metabolic characteristics of TgAQP .

With the economic development and the deepening of reform in China,more attention has been paid on health.Based on literature from Chinese Journal of Health Statistics in 2008,the number and ranks of practicing doctors,occupancy of hospital beds,the disease spectrums,outpatient per year were analyzed.The results hold it is better for the doctors to practice in more medical institutions.