Unexpected gallbladder cancer (UGC) is a sort of gallbladder cancer discovered during or after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) which was diagnosed as benign gallbladder disease before surgery. With the high incidence of gallstones in China, the number of patients with UGC increases as well.However, due to the lack of randomized controlled trials on UGC, unified treatment has not been established, and argues on how LC will influence the prognosis of UGC still exist. Surgery for gallbladder cancer is technically challenging. The extent of resection varies based on a number of factors, and controversy exists regarding what constitutes an acceptable resection. We believe that satisfying treatment results are based on the surgical techniques, acute evaluation of different cases and wisely-chosen surgical procedures. This paper summarized therapeutic strategies for UGC based on our clinical experiences.

The process of late lung development is disturbed in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).One of the keys in late lung development is secondary septation, in which secondary septa arise from primary septa, producing plenty of small alveoli, which significantly increase the surface area of gas exchange.Secondary septation,together with architectural changes to the vascular structure of the lung which minimize the distance between the blood and the inspired air, are the targets of late lung development.BPD is a disease of premature infants in which development of the alveoli is stunted caused by many factors including volutrauma,inflammation,and oxygen toxicity.Compared with early lung development, the later development of the immature lung remains unclear.This paper is to emphasize remarkable latest research of arrested late lung development and BPD.

Objective To study TLC and HPLC fingerprint of Paeoniae Radix Alba;To provide reliable methods for its quality control and evaluation. Methods TLC was performed to detect paeoniflorin with CHCl3-EtOAc-methanol-formic acid (40∶5∶10∶0.2) as the developing solvent system. The HPLC chromatographic separation was performed on Kromasil C18 column (250 mm× 4.6 mm, 5μm, 12 nm). The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile-0.05%phosphoric acid in gradient elution with flow rate of 1 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 254 nm, and the column temperature was 35 ℃. Results The TLC spots were clear. Fifteen common peaks including paeoniflorin (the ninth peak) in the HPLC profile were found in ten batches of samples of Paeoniae Radix Alba in different growing areas, the fingerprints of samples from Anhui Province and Zhejiang Province showed little difference. Conclusion Fingerprint of Paeoniae Radix Alba showed unique features, and can be used to control its quality.

Objective To investigate the effects of radix salvia miltiorrhizae on the apoptosis of hepatoeytes during cold preservation and reperfusion injury in rat donor liver. Methods Forty male SD rats were divided into experimental group, control group and sham operation group. The rat model of liver transplantation was established according to the Kamada method. The grafts were preserved in lactated Ringer's solution with radix salvia miltiorrhizae in experimental group and in lactated Ringer's solution in control group for 5 hours, then they were transplanted orthotopically. Six hours after transplantation, the recipients were sacrificed, and the serum ALT and AST were detected by automatic biochemistry analyzer, the hepatocyte apoptosis by TUNEL, the expression of Bcl-2 and FasL protein by flow cytometry. The histopathological changes of the liver grafts were observed under light microscope. Results The levels of ALT and AST in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group after reperfusion. Compared with that in the control group, the apoptosis index of the hepatoeyte was signifieandy decreased in the experimental group ( F = 133.802, P <0.05 ), while the level of Bel-2 protein expression was increased ( F = 91.063, P < 0.01 ). No statistical difference upon FasL protein expression was detected between the 2 groups( F = 1.329, P >0.05). The histopathological injury of the liver grafts in the experimental group was significantly slighter than that in the control group. Conclusions Radix salvia mihiorrhizae inhibits the apoptosis of hepatocytes by increasing the Bcl-2 protein expression during cold preservation and reperfusion injury, so it has a protective effect on the liver graft against ischemia reperfusion injury.

AIM:To explore the extraction mechanism of the separation-purification of baicalin in aqueous two-phase systems. METHODS:By experiment,nonionic surfactant PEG-K_2PHO_4-H_2O two aqueous phase system was selected to phase-forming conditions,and the effect of temperature,pH,salt composition on partition of baicalin PEG/salt system. RESULTS:The extraction rate of baicalin in aqueous two-phase system was up to 98.6%. CONCLUSION:The two aqueous phase system for baicalin extraction is easy to operate has good reproductivity,and can be applied in mass production.

AIM: To establish method of determing baicalin,chlorogenic acid and chlorpheniramine maleate in Cang'ebiyan Tablets(Fructus Xanthii,Herba Cemtipedae,Radix Astragali,Flos Chrysanthemi indici,etc). METHODS: The VP-ODS C_(18) column(4.6 mm?250 mm,5 ?m) was used with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.4%H_3PO_4 0-9 min(14∶86),9-20 min(28∶72) gradient elution,the wavelength of detector was set at 0-9 min 327 nm for determining chlorogenic acid content,9-20 min 280 nm for determining baicalin.The VP-ODS C_(18) column(4.6 mm?250 mm,5 ?m) was used with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.5% sodium dodecylsulfate-H_3PO_4,the wavelength of detector was set at 262 nm for determining chlorpheniramine maleate. RESULTS: The calibration curves were linear in the range of 0.21-3.14 ?g/mL(r=0.999 9) for baicalin,in the range of(0.05-0.81 ?g/mL)(r=0.999 9) for chlorogenic acid,in the range of 0.10-1.57 ?g/mL(r=0.999 9) for chlorpheniramine maleate,respectively.The average recoveries were 102.44%,RSD=0.57%(n=6);(98.68%,)RSD=0.30%(n=6);99.46%,RSD=0.70%(n=6),respectively. CONCLUSION: The method is simple,realizable and reproducible and can be used effectively for the quality control of Cang'ebiyan Tablets.

0.05);After one month,thrombus could not be seen in the ovaries of all four groups.No injury could be seen in all kinds of cells in the four groups. Conclusion:Rabbit ovarian angiogenesis was not affected by low power ultrasound.

Objective To study perioperative changes in serum levels of TNF-?, IL-6 and IL-10 in orthotopic liver transplantation without veno-venous bypass. Methods Sixteen patients with terminal liver disease underwent orthotopic liver transplantation under general anesthesia. Samples from arterial blood were obtained at beginning of surgery, before the anhepatic phase, 5min before recirculation, 15min and 60min after recirculation, 4h and 24h after operation, respectively. Serum levels of TNF-?, IL-6 and IL-10 were measured by ELISA. Results TNF-? and IL-6 concentrations were kept at a low level before operation, while IL-10 was not detected. The concentrations of IL-6 and IL-10 rose during the anhepatic phase (P

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a group of solid tumors with high malignant degree and poor prognosis. Surgical resection has still been the main therapy options. Targeting therapy and immunotherapy are the main anti-tumor methods that have been paid more and more attention in recent years, especially immunotherapy. The tumor microenvironment of CCA is complex, which encompasses not only interstitial and endothelial cells, but also a large number of immune cells. In addition, the innate and adaptive immune systems also play a role. This article summarizes the immune-related studies of cholangiocarcinoma and the latest clinical trials of immunotherapy.