Objective:To compare the inhibitory effect of neferine and isoliensinine on 5α-reductase to provide reference for the development of 5α-reductase inhibitors. Methods: Different reaction tubes and control tubes were prepared, liver was homogenated, and reducing coenzyme II ( NADPH) , testosterone, pending test sample, the positive drug and buffer was respectively added into 96-well plates. The change in the absorbance of NADPH at 340nm in 1h was determined by a microplate reader. Compared the experimen-tal group with the blank control group, the inhibition rate ( I%) of the test drugs against 5α-reductase was calculated. Results:As for the six concentration gradients (2-40 mg·ml-1 ) in the experiments, the best inhibitory concentration of neferine and isoliensinine was 10 mg·ml-1(I% =25.00 ±1.030% and 29.90 ±2.410%, respectively). Compared with the control group, neferine and isoliensi-nine showed significant inhibition against 5α-reductase (P<0. 05). Compared with the positive group at the same concentration (10 mg ·ml-1), the inhibition of neferine and isoliensinine was significantly lower (P<0. 05). The inhibition effect of isoliensinine was rel-atively better than that of neferine (P<0. 05). Conclusion:Neferine and isoliensininein have notable inhibitory effect on 5α-reduc-tase, which show certain application prospect in the treatment of prostatic hyperplasia in clinics.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the laparoscopic procedure and therapeutic efficacy of retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery for the treatment of adrenal ganglioneuroma.Methods6 patients [4 male and 2 female,32 to 59 (mean 41.3) years old],underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic resection of adrenal ganglioneuroma. In this group, 2 patients with left adrenal ganglioneuroma, 4 patients with right adrenal ganglioneuroma. ResultsAll of the 6 cases was successfully performed uneventfully with retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Pathologic studies confirmed there were 6 cases of adrenal ganglioneuroma. No case was transferred to open operation.The blood pressure remained stable during operation.Mean tumor size was (5.9±2.1) cm (tumor diameter 3.6-11.2 cm) Mean operative time was 120(90-210) min.Mean estimated blood loss was 160 (50-700) ml.Postoperative hospital stay ranged from 7 to 9 days.All the patients were cured without relapse during 4-32 month, follow-up. ConclusionsRetroperitoneal laparoscopic procedures for adrenal ganglioneuroma causes less traumatic;less operative blood loss;distinct image during operation;less postoperative discomfort;faster postoperative recovery and earlier return to daily activities and diet.Retroperitoneal laparoscopic procedure should be considered as the first choice for adrenal ganglioneuroma.

Objective To investigate the monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP1) gene expression of the bladder urothelial carcinoma and its correlation with the pathogenesis of the bladder urothelial carcinoma.Methods Thirty cases of patients with the bladder urothelial carcinoma, including 20 cases of male and 10cases of female, were taken the blood and bladder tissue.In control group, 30 cases of non-cancer patients,including 20 cases of male and 10 cases of female, were taken the blood samples.ELISA method was used to detected the concentration of plasma MCP1, immunohistochemical method to investigate the expression of MCP1 in the bladder urothelial carcinoma and adjacent tissues.Real-time quantitative RT-PCR was applied to detected the expression of MCP1. Data of the two groups were comparied and the relationship between the expression of MCP1 and the clinical characteristics of the bladder urothelial carcinoma was analyzed.Results MCP1 in group of patients with the bladder urothelial carcinoma was (193.4±105.7) pg/ml, and higher than that in non-tumor group (91.8±34.6) pg/ml (t = 8.37, P ＜0.001).MCP1 in invasive bladder cancer was (204.3±167.5) pg/ml and superficial bladder cancer was (130.6±69.2) pg/ml (t = 2.667, P = 0.013). By immunohistochemistry, the MCP-1 positive rate in the bladder urothelial carcinoma was 70.0 % (21/30), that in adjacent cancer tissue was 43.3 % (13/30) (χ2 = 4.9, P ＜0.05). The positive rate of MCP1 in invasive bladder cancer in tumor group was 80.0 % (8/10) and that in superficial bladder cancer was 65.0 %(13/20).At the same time, MCP- 1 positive intensity in the bladder urothelial carcinoma was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues. The intensity in invasive bladder cancer was higher than that in superficial ones. Total RNA and mRNA levels of MCP-1 in the bladder urothelial carcinoma were statistically differences compared with that in adjacent tissues (χ2 = 10.08, P ＜0.05).Conclusion The upregulation of MCP1 gene expression is likely to play an important role in the incidence and metastasis of the bladder urothelial carcinoma.

Objective To study the expression and significance of galanin (GLA) in the prostate carcinoma (PCa).Methods The samples from 50 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 50 patients with PCa and 30 PCa patients with bone metastasis were examined by immunohistochemical staining.Results The positive rates of GLA expression in BPH,PCa,and PCa with bone metastasis were 18 ％ (9/50),68 ％ (34/50),and 80 ％ (24/30),respectively,and there were statistically significant differences between PCa patients,PCa patients with bone metastasis and BPH patients (x2 =25.5,29.74,both P ＜ 0.01),but there was no significant difference between PCa patients and PCa patients with bone metastasis (x2 =1.35,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion GLA has higher expression in prostatic cancer cells,it might be an important indicators for differentiating prostate cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia and predicting the prognosis of prostate carcinoma.

Objective: To study the effects of UV treatment of different zirconia surfaces on the function of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. Methods: Disks of zirconia-based materials with smooth(S) and rough(R) surfaces were treated and with and without UV light(15 W) for 48 h,respectively. MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured on zirconia disks and divided into 4 groups: smooth group(S),UV treated smooth group(S-UV),rough group(R) and UV treated rough group(R-UV). Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT 3 and 5 days after culture. Alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity was determined 3 and 7 days after culture. Cell mineralization was observed by Alizarin red dye staining 21 days after culture. The mRNA expression of OCN and OPG were examined by RT-PCR 7 and 14 days after culture. Results: Proliferation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells in R-UV group were more than in other groups(P ＜ 0. 05). R groups showed higher ALP activity than S groups at day 7. R-UV treatment increased the mRNA expressions of OPG and OCN in a time-dependent manner(P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusion: Ultraviolet light-treated zirconia surface may promote the proliferation,mineralization and the expression of OCN and OPG of MC3T3-E1 cells.

Objective To study the expression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) gene in transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder celt lines, carcinoma tissues and normal bladder tis-sues and to evaluate the roles of EZH2 in the development and progression of bladder carcinoma. Methods RT-PCR, Western-blot and immunocytochemistry were used to analyze the expression of EZH2 of the bladder cell lines (T24, EJ, MGH-U1, BIU-87). The prostate cancer cell line PC-3M was used as an EZH2-positive cell line. EZH2 gene expressions in 45 cases of bladder carcinoma and 12 cases of normal bladder mueosa were detected by RT-PCR. Of cancer cases, 31 were superficial tumors and 14 were invasive tumors; 13 were G1, 21 were G2 and 11 were G3. Results EZH2 was detected in the 4 TCC cell lines. The EZH2 expression rate of TCC (82.2%) was significantly higher than that of normal bladder tissues (8.3%, P<0.05). The expression rate in superficial tumors was 74.2% and in invasive tumors was 100.0%, but there was no significant difference (P>0.05). The expression rates increased with tumor cell grade increase, but there was no significant difference (P> 0.05). Conclusions EZH2 could play an important role in the development and progression of blad-der carcinoma. It could be used as a potential gene therapy target of bladder cancer.

Objective To explore the effect of auricular plaster therapy on associated symptoms and quality of life in patients with constipation induced by strong opioid drugs for pain.Methods A total of 60 patients selected were randomly divided into the intervention group and the control group with 30 cases in each group.The intervention group was treated with auriculotherapy based on the pattern/syndrome differentiation after detecting the auricular sensitive acupoints' distribution in patients with opioid-induced constipation after receiving opioid therapy.BFI,self-made scale on symptoms accompanied by constipation and PAC-QOL were used to collect data about constipation symptoms and the level of quality of life before or after the intervention,and still with a subset of the intervention group followed for more than two weeks.Results The BFI and PAC-QOL scores of the intervention and control group were lower after intervention,and the decline score of the two groups showed significant difference.But for the self-made scale,the score of each item was slightly lower compared with that before treatment,which showed no statistically significant difference between groups.A follow-up of 2 weeks showed that the long-term efficacy of auricular plaster therapy was significantly lower than before,but was less desirable than short-term.Conclusions Scientific and reasonable choice of acupoint prescription according to syndrome differentiation can effectively improve symptoms accompanied by constipation and patients' quality of life.

Objective To determine the optimum dose of nalbuphine prepared for patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) after caesarean section.Methods A total of 100 parturients,aged 22-40 yr,weighing 60-90 kg,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,at ≥ 37 weeks of gestation,scheduled for elective caesarean section,were divided into 4 groups (n=25 each) using a random number table:sufentanil 2.0 μ,g/kg group (group S),nalbuphine 1.5 mg/kg group (group N1),nalbuphine 2.0 mg/kggroup (group N2,) and nalbuphine2.5 mg/kggroup (group N3).In S,N1,N2 and N3 groups,sufentanil 2.0 μg/kg and nalbuphine 1.5,2.0 and 2.5 mg/kg were added to PCIA solution,respectively,tropisetron 12 mg was added,and PCIA solution was then diluted to 100 ml in normal saline.The PCA pump was set up to deliver a 1 ml bolus dose with a 10-min lockout interval and background infusion at 2 ml/h after a loading dose of 3 ml.Tramadol 50 mg was intravenously injected as a rescue analgesic to maintain visual analogue scale score at rest ≤ 4 or during activity (cough) ≤ 6.The highest Ramsay sedation score,requirement for rescue analgesics,the number of unsuccessfully delivered doses,the number of attempts and occurrence of nausea and vomiting,pruritus and somnolence within 48 h after operation were recorded.Results Compared with group S,the number of unsuccessfully delivered doses,the number of attempts and requirement for rescue analgesics were significantly decreased in N2 and N3 groups,the incidence of somnolence and the highest Ramsay sedation scores were increased in group N3 (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group N1 (P＞ 0.05).Compared with group N1,the number of unsuccessfully delivered doses,the number of attempts and requirement for rescue analgesics were significantly decreased in N2 and N3 groups,and the incidence of somnolence and the highest Ramnsay sedation scores were increased in group N3 (P＜0.05).Compared with group N2,the incidence of somnolence and the highest Ramsay sedation scores were significantly increased (P＜0.05),and no significant difference was found in the number of unsuccessfully delivered doses,the number of attempts or requirement for rescue analgesics in group N3 (P＞0.05).Conclusion The optimum dose of nalbuphine prepared for PCIA after caesarean section is 2.0 mg/kg.

[Objective]To investigate associations between the functional polymorphisms of signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) gene and preeclampsia.[Methods]PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to genotype rs10181656 and rs16833431 local polymorphism in 228 preeclampsia cases and 179 normal controls.[Results](1)The frequencies of rs10181656C/G were 35.96%,46.37%in genotype C/C,47.81%,44.69%in genotype C/G and 16.23%,8.94%in genotype G/G between preeclampsia patients and normal controls. They reached statistical difference (P = 0.031). There was different distribution in two alleles(C and G)between preeclampsia patients and normal controls(P=0.009).(2)There was no different distribution in 3 genotypes(C/C,C/T,T/T)and 2 alleles(C and T)of rs16833431 C/T between preeclampsia patients and normal controls(P =0.508,0.461).[Conclusions]Functional polymorphisms of the rs10181656 locus could associate with the preeclampsia. The polymor-phisms of the rs16833431 locus could not associate with the preeclampsia.

Objective To investigate the preparation of a polycaprolactone (PCL)/poly (lactic acid-glycolic acid) (PLGA) degradable ureteral stent and its degradation ability in vitro.Methods From December 2010 to September 2012,degradable ureteral stent was fabricated by electrospinning,using different concentration of PCL/PLGA (5％,10％,15％,20％,25％,30％).The structure of stent was scanned by electron microscopy (SEM).The Instron system was used to test the mechanical property of those stents.The PCL/PLGA stents of different concentration (5％,15％,25％) were immerged into the urine to assess their degradable ability 7,14,21,28,35,42,49,56 days later.Results The inner diameter of the white tubular scaffold was 1.5 mm and the outer diameter was 2.0 mm.The SEM results showed that the scaffold had been made by nanofiber with the structure of multi-porous.The tension test showed that the mechanical property was enhanced with the increasing in the proportion of the PCL.The lowest stress at break was found in 5％ PCL/PLGA stent,while it was still sufficient for the mechanical criteria of degradable biomaterial.The degradation curves of different ratio of PCL/PLGA stent were close to a straight line.The 5％ PCL/PLGA stent collapsed into pieces within 28 d.The 15％ and 25％ PCL/PLGA collapsed within 42 d and 56 d,respectively.Conclusion The PCL/PLGA biodegradable ureteral stent has a good mechanical property and the degradation time can fully meet the demand of a ureteral stent.