Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an epithelial cell-derived cytokine. TSLP exerts a profound influence on the polarization of dendritic cells and T helper2 cytokine production. TSLP also directly promotes T-cell proliferation in response to T-cell receptor activation and Th2 cytokine production. TSLP affects different populations of cells,indicative of the broad role of TSLP in the regulation of respiratory tract infected and inflammatory processes.

BACKGROUND: In the central nervous system(CNS) of normal adults there are neural stem cells or neural progenitor cells, which are capable of self-renewing and multiple differentiating. In normal physiological conditions, intrinsic neural stem cells are in a resting state. What state will they be in during cerebral ischemia?OBJECTIVE: To observe the distribution, proliferation and differentiation of intrinsic neural stem cells in focal transient ischemia in rats.DESIGN: A randomized controlled exploratory trial based on the rats.SETTING: Neurobiological department, histological and embryological department of a medical college.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted in the Neurobiological Department of Luzhou Medical College from July 2001 to July 2002. Altogether 41 healthy adult SD rats of either gender, weighting 250 g - 300 g, were selected.INTERVENTIONS: The focal ischemia model was made by blocking middle cerebral artery(MCA) and reperfusing for 0.5 hour, 3 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 5 days and 10 days. Sham-operation group was treated by the same method, but the filament was not long enough to block MCA, and normal rats served as control group. The rats were sacrificed at given time points, and their brains were made into cerebral slices. The single-and double-labeled immunohistochemical staining was employed to detect the proliferation, distribution and differentiation of intrinsic neural stem cells.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The distribution, proliferation and differentiation of intrinsic neural stem cells.RESULTS: Immunoreactivity of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)was present in most ependymal cells in ventricular zone(VZ), and PCNA-positive cells were sparsely distributed in the parenchyma in normal and sham-operation groups. At 3 hours of reperfusion, PCNA-labeled cells were first detected in rostral subventricular zone. At 12 hours of reperfusion and onward, PCNA-positive cells appeared in some choroid plexus cells in bilateral lateral VZ. At day 3 to day 10 of reperfusion, PCNA-labeled cells significantly increased in infarct boundary in preoptic area, striatum and deep layer of frontoparietal cortex. PCNA-labeled cells were first detected in subgranular zone of dentate gyrus 3 days after reperfusion, and increased with time. A very small number of double-positive cells expressed with PCNA and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) were first detected in infract boundary in preoptic area on day 3 and onward. No double-PCNA and NF-positive cells were detected within 10 days of reperfusion.CONCLUSION: Focal cerebral ischemia activates intrinsic neural stem cells, which proliferate and differentiate, and migrate toward ischemic striatum and frontoparietal cortex. This may help clarify the mechanism of functional recovery after ischemia.

Objective To evaluate the usefulness of MRCP in the diagnosis of Lemmel's syndrome.Methods 49 patients with periampullary diverliculum(PAD) were examined by MRCP.The clinical manifestations and imaging signs were analyzed,the detecting rate of PAD by MRCP,the anatomic relationship between pancreaticobiliary tract system and PAD were evaluated.Results Of 49 patients,47 PAD were showed on MRCP,in which 34 PAD located above the papilla,7 located below papilla,4 located in the neck edge of diverticula,and 2 were intradiverticular papilla.Conclusion MRCP as a newly developed and noninvasive imaging technique can improve the diagnosis of Lemmel's syndrome and will play an important role in the future.

Objective:To evaluate the uncertainty in 6-methylthiopurine (6-MMP) determination by LC-MS/MS. Methods:The uncertainty sources during the whole process of 6-MMP determination were established and evaluated. The combined and expanded un-certainties were also calculated. Results:The expanded uncertainty at low (2 995 pmol) and high (140 900 pmol) concentration of 6-MMP was 275. 6 pmol and 11 396 pmol, respectively (P=95%, k=2). Conclusion: The uncertainty in 6-MMP determination by LC-MS/MS is mainly caused by recovery, matrix effect and sample preparation at low concentration, and by recovery and sample prep-aration at high concentration.

Objective To determine the toxicity of therapeutical Serratia marcescans vaccine when repeated intracerebral administration into rat brain.Methods SD rats are prepared by intracranial embedding location catheter and were randomly divided into 8 groups:namely normal control,lunar control group(give NS in same dose),low dosage group,middle dosage group and high dosage group of acute stage or restore stage.Three dosage of vaccine S311 were administrated(low 320 million/kg,middle 1600 million/kg,high 8000 million/kg).The embedding catheter rats were fixed point injecting vaccine,once per day for 15 days with microsyringe of microdialysis device.While continuously record the common status,appetite,body weight of animals.25 days later,Animals were killed to observe the morphology of brain.Results The main pathologic changes of high dosage group were inflammatory cell infiltration into the tissues around injecting location,subarachnoid space,and ependyma.The inflammatory cell is mainly gial cell,monocytes,lymphocytes.No degeneration and necrosis of brain tissue were observed.The inflammatory reaction of brain tissues around injecting location was correlated with the dosages.Except the inflammation around injecting location,the other brain tissues were normal and absent of organic pathological changes.After 25 days restoration,the inflammation around injecting location was absorbed.Conclusions The method of intracranial embedding catheter and fixed point injecting is successful.Intracranial administration of therapeutical Serratia marcescans vaccine is mainly effect on location around injecting to elicit localized,reversible,and non-specific inflammatory reaction.

Objective To evaluate the effect of electro-acupuncture (EA) at Zusanli and Feishu on endotoxin shock-induced acute lung injury in rabbits.Methods Sixty healthy male New Zealand white rabbits aged 2 months weighing 1.5-2.0 kg were randomly divided into 6 groups (n =10 each):group sham operation (group S); group zinc protoporphyrin-Ⅸ (ZnPP-Ⅸ) (group Z); group lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (group L); group LPS + EA (group EL) ; group LPS + sham EA (group SEL) and group LPS + EA + ZnPP-Ⅸ (group ELZ).The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 10％ chloral hydrate 400 mg/kg and tracheostomized.The animals kept spontaneous breathing.Right internal carotid artery was cannulated for BP monitoring.Ear vein was cannulated for drug administration.LPS 5 mg/kg was injected iv in groups L,EL,SEL,ELZ.Endotoxin shock was confirmed by decrease in BP by 20 ％ of the baseline value and PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 300.ZnPP-Ⅸ (heme oxygenase (HO-1 ) inhibitor)10μmol/kg was injected intraperitoneal at 2 h after LPS injection in groups Z and ELZ.Bilateral 15 min EA stimulation of Zusanli and Feishu ( according to atlas of animal acu-points) was performed once a day for 5 days before LPS administration in groups EL and ELZ.The animals were sacrificed by blood-letting at 6 h after LPS administration.The lungs were removed for microscopic examination (0 =no injury,4 =most severe injury),detection of alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis (by TUNEL) and determination of HO-1 protein and mRNA expression.Results LPS significantly increased lung injury scores,alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis index (the number of apoptotic cells/total cells) and HO-1 protein and mRNA expression.EA significantly attenuated lung injury and alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis induced by LPS and further increased the expression of HO-1 protein and mRNA in group EL as compared with group L.The protective effects of EA was counteracted by ZnPP- Ⅸ in group ELZ.Conclusion EA at Zusanli and Feishu can attenuate endotoxin shock-induced lung injury by up-regulation of HO-1 expression and inhibiting alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis in the lung.

Objective To discuss the value of dual-time-point 18FDG PET-CT imaging on involved field radiotherapy for hilar and mediastinal metastatic lymph nodes in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods Fifty-four patients with NSCLC were included in this analysis,including 34 men and 20 women with mean age of 59(34-76)years.Two sequential PET-CT scans given 3-5 days before surgery were standard single-time-point imaging for the whole body and delayed imaging for the thorax.The pathologic data were used as golden standard to determine the difference between the standard single-time-point and dual-time-point FET-CT imaging in the definition of gross target volume(GTV)of involved-field radiotherapy for metastatic lymph nodes. Results For hilar metastatic lymph nodes,the GTV defined by single-time-point imaging was consistent with pathologic GTV in 21 patients(39%),comparing with 31 patients(57%) by dual-time-point imaging.Using pathologic data as golden standard,GTV alteration defined by single-time-point imaging had statisticaly significant difference comparing with that defined by dual-time-point imaging(u=519.00,P=0.023).For mediastinal metastatic lymph nodes,the GTV defined by single-time-point imaging was consistent with pathologic GTV in 30 patients(56%),comparing with 36 patients(67%)by dual-time-point imaging.Using pathologic data as golden standard.GTV alteration defined by single-time-point imaging had no statisticaly significant difference comparing with that defined by dual-time-point imaging(u=397.50,P=0.616).Conclusions For patients with NSCLC receiving involved-field radiotherapy,GTV definition for hilar and mediastinal metastatic lymph nodes by dual-time-point imaging is more consistent with that by pathologic data.Dual-time-point imaging has a larger value in terms of target delineation for hilar and mediastinal metastatic lymph nodes.

Objective To investigate the incidence of postoperative intubation-related complications and the need for measurement and adjustment of cuff-pressure of endotracheal tube. Methods Five hundred and nine patients of either sex undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia with tracheal intubation were divided into 2 groups: control group (group C)and cuff-pressure measured group (group CPM). Operation time and duration of endotracheal tube were recorded. Twenty patients with the duration of endotracheal tube 120-180 min in each group were selected. Their tracheal mucous membrane was examined by fiberoptic bronchoscopy at the time of withdrawal of endotracheal tube. Postoperative complications including cough and bloody sputum were also recorded at 24 h after extubation. Results The two groups were comparable with respect to age, sex, operation time and the duration of endotracheal tube. The incidence of sore throat and bloody sputum was significantly higher in group C than in CPM group. The incidence of sore throat and bloody sputum was significantly increased as the duration of endotracheal tube was prolonged in control group while in CPM group only the incidence of sore throat was increased. Varying degrees of injuries to tracheal mucous membrane were observed with fiberoptic bronchoscope.The injuries were more serious in group C than in CPM group. Conclusion Measurement of intracuff pressure is helpful for reducing the tracheal intubation-related complications.

Objective:To investigate the infection incidence of women with high-risk human papillomavirus(HPV) A9 in Quzhou, and to analyze its clinical significance in cervical cancer screening by combining with liquid-based cytology(TCT).Methods:A total of 9 010 patients were collected from January 2017 to May 2018 in the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Quzhou.HPV detection was performed by Cervista method.In combination with TCT, cervical biopsy was carried out under vaginal microscopy.Results:Among 9 010 patients, 1 401 patients were HPV positive, and the A9 group had the highest rate for inspection(6.98%). The experiment data of the A9 group indicated that the portions of cervical intraepithelial lesions in liquid-based cytology NILM, ASC-US, LSIL, ASC-H, HSIL, SCC were 5.96%, 80.10%, 100.00%, 100.00%, 100.00%, respectively.Its coincidence rate with histology increased as liquid-based cytology increased, associated with high-grade lesions.Conclusion:A9 group infection is the most important cause of cervical intraepithelial lesions in Quzhou.High-risk HPV test, especially A9 group infection combined with TCT, can effectively improve the accuracy of cervical cancer screening.

Objective To analyze the current status of studies related to home enteral nutrition (HEN) in China,and provide scientific basis for the research and management of HEN in China.Methods We searched CNKI and WanFang Data since it built to January 1st,2018.The included studies were screened and categorized by publication information,study type,subjects of the study,topic,interventions and outcomes.Descriptive analysis was conducted after extraction of information.Results A total of 153 studies were included,of which 37 were observational studies,102 were experimental studies,12 were case report,and 2 were exploring articles.Since 2012,the number of studies has been increasing.Most of the subjects were elderly people who were diagnosed with diseases of digestive system,head and neck tumors and diseases of nervous system.These studies were featured as small sample size and short intervention time,follow-ups by telephone and home visit,less than 1/4 providing professional nutrition support team,and outcomes mainly as complication,nutritional biochemical indices,anthropometric indices and prognosis.Conclusion HEN in China is still in its infancy.The number of relative studies is still small and quality of literatures is very low,but it has been increasing.At present,there are some problems in the implementation of HEN in China,such as lack of standardized management model and professional team,short-term intervention,and single follow-up mode.The elderly and patients with digestive disease,head and neck tumors and nervous disease are the key subjects;more professional nutrition support team and scientific management model should be established in the future.