Objective To analyze the clinical and CT characteristics of pancreatic metastasis to improve the correct diagnosis rate.Methods The clinical and CT data of 14 patients with pancreatic metastasis were reviewed retrospectively.Results Among the 14 patients,the primary malignancy was lung cancer in 6 cases,renal carcinoma in 3 cases,colon carcinoma in 2 cases,laryngeal cancer in 1 case,gastric cancer in 1 case and ovarian carcinoma in 1 case.Pancreatic metastases from renal carcinomas often developed a long period after initial nephrectomy and survived for a relatively long time.Abdominal CT plain scan and enhanced scan was performed in all cases.Four cases were of solitary type,9 cases were of multiple types and 1 was of diffuse type.Totally 28 lesions were found,which were usually located in the neck and body of the pancreas,the diameter of 28 pancreatic lesions was ranging from 0.5 cm to 11 cm,with a mean diameter of 2.3 cm.On CT plain scan,there were 19 hypodense lesions,7 slightly hyperdense lesions and 2 isodense lesions,5 necrotic lesions.On enhanced CT,the lesions showed moderate enhancement in 7 cases,circular enhancement in 6 cases,moderate and circular enhancement in 6 lesions,obvious enhancement in 8 lesions and no enhancement in 1 lesion.All patients had extra-pancreatic metastases,and 2 cases had peripheral vascular invasion.Conclusions Pancreatic metastases are rare,often accompanied with multiple lesions and extra-pancreatic metastases.The CT features of pancreatic metastases from renal carcinomas are slightly hyperdense and obvious enhancement; in other metastases,there are hypodense,morderate and/or circular enhancement lesions.Accurate diagnosis can be achieved by knowledge of patients' medical history.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of young patients with endometrial cancer. Methods Eighty-two cases with endometrial cancer were analyzed retrospectively,31 cases in the young group were ≤ 45 years old, and 51 cases in the old group were ＞ 45 years old. The clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis between the two groups were compared. Results Twelve cases with primary infertility took up 38.7% in the young group,23 cases with less than 3 times of pregnancy occupied 74.2%, and there was no statistical difference,compared with the old group [3.9%(2/51)and 29.4% (15/51)] (P＜0.05). There was statistically significant between the two groups in myometrial invasion (P ＜ 0.05 ); while there was no significance between the two groups in pathological type, histological grade,clinical stage, 5-year survival rate and recurrence period (P＞0.05). Conclusion Infertility or less pregnancy are risk factors for endometrial cancer in the young; the degree of endometrial invasion in the young is more shallow than that in the old; there is no significant difference between the young and the old in pathological type, histological grade and clinical stage; but the prognosis is similar between the young and the old patients.

BACKGROUND:In vitro and in vivo studies of cel response to a variety of mechanical loadings have demonstrated the stimulation of bone formation by loads. However, the effects of different mechanical strains on the same cel s have never been adequately studied by far.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of different mechanical strains on rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s.
METHODS:Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s were isolated and cultured in vitro. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s were subjected to different stimulations including dynamic stretch, static stretch and hybrid stretch through the use of custom-made mechanical stretch device. Cel ular proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity and mRNA expression of Runx2 of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s were detected and the secretion of osteocalcin was evaluated under three different stretch modes respectively.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared to the control group, cel proliferation increased by 18.67%, however, alkaline phosphatase activity, Runx2 expression and osteocalcin secretion were not changed obviously in the static stretchgroup. Compared to the control group, alkaline phosphatase activity, Runx2 expression and osteocalcin secretion increased by 60.33%, 49.67%and 48%respectively;however, cel proliferation was inhibited, in the dynamic stretch group. Compared to the control group, cel proliferation was slightly, but not significantly, increased in the hybrid stretch group, and the alkaline phosphatase activity, Runx2 expression and osteocalcin secretion increased although the increases were not as apparent as those in the dynamic stretch group. These findings suggest that static mechanical strain can significantly promote cel proliferation, the dynamic mechanical strain more greatly promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s, and the hybrid mechanical strain promotes the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s.

Objective To retrospectively compare analysis of two kinds of surgery which were nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy (NSRH) and the traditional radical hysterectomy (RH) for cervical cancer was done to find out the effect on urinary function in postoperative patients. Methods Among 57cervical cancer with clinical stage Ⅰ B1- Ⅱ A 31 cases treated with NSRH,26 cases treated with RH. The postoperative bladder function of the two methods were evaluated, and postoperative recovery of urinary function and postoperative recurrence of tumor were compared. Results The period of indwelling catheter for the postoperative patients with NSRH was (8.5 ± 3.2) days, obviously less than that for traditional RH patients which was ( 12.8 ± 3.8) days. The difference was statistically significant(P < 0.01 ). And two methods of postoperative patients were alive without tumor recurrence and metastasis after 1-4 years follow-up.Conclusions NSRH is better than traditional RH in remaining pelvic autonomic nervous system and improving the early urinary function of postoperative patients of cervical cancer. Otherwise, it doesn't effect the radical cure of tumor.

OBJECTIVE: To study the formulation and technology of dexamethasone solid lipid nanoparticles(DXM-SLN) lyophilized injection and evalnate it's quality. METHODS: The formulation of the supporting agent was optimized and the preparation technology of lyophilized injection was established to prepare the lyophilised injection. The content of DXM in the sample was determined and its quality was investigated as well. RESULTS: 30% mannitol was supporting agent, the particle size of DXM-SLN was 340 nm, with zeta potential at -25.2 mV, entrapment ratio at 92.10% and drug-loading at 7.10%. It was stable within 3 months' at 2～8 ℃storing. CONCLUSION: The preparation technique of this preparation is simple and feasible and its quality is stable and controllable.

BACKGROUND: According to present theories and our clinical experience, immune ablative and tolerance inducing theory is proposed. Immune ablative means to clear out mutate cell clones and without transfusion of hemopoietic stem cells afterwards; intolerance inducing means to induce animal models not to react to mutate somatic cells, which avoids relapse or new occurrence of autoimmune disease. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of immune-ablative and tolerance inducing therapy in treating animal model of immune polymyositis (PM). DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Randomized, controlled animal experiment was performed at the Animal Experimental Center of Nanfang Hospital from December 2008 to April 2009. MATERIALS: One New Zealand rabbit, female, weighing 4.1 kg and 36 England guinea pigs, female, weighing 400-500 g, were used. METHODS: New Zealand rabbit's muscle tissue homogenate and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) were injected into guinea pigs to make PM animal models. The 28 animal models were randomly divided into intense immune-ablative and tolerance inducing group (Busulfan 1 mg/kg, every 12 hours, totally 8 doses; followed by CTX 40 mg/kg per day for 4 days; then cyclosporine A (CsA) 3 mg/kg per day was given till animals were dead); cyclophosphamide (CTX) group: CTX was given, 10 mg/kg per day for 3days; immune-ablative and tolerance inducing group: Busulfan 0.8 mg/kg, CTX 30 mg/kg, CsA 3 mg/kg; the administration time and dose were the same as group 1. Control group was not treated.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Full blood count (FBC) and biochemical index were tested before and after treatment, and surviving time was recorded. In addition, muscle pathological changes were observed.RESULTS: Compared with control group, number of white cells was significantly decreased in the other groups, and hematopoiesis function gradually restored after administration. The number of white cells in the immune-ablative and tolerance inducing group was the most, and striated muscle pathology showed PM. Following administration, the glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and creatine kinase of intense immune-ablative and tolerance inducing and immune-ablative and tolerance inducing groups were significantly reduced (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), but no obvious striated muscle pathological changes were found. The glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase and creatine kinase in the CTX and control groups remained unchanged. Survival time of intense immune-ablative and tolerance inducing group was the shortest among all groups, and there was no significant difference between CTX and control groups. The animals in immune-ablative and tolerance inducing group survived for the longest time. CONCLUSION: Immune-ablative and tolerance inducing therapy has preferable effect on treating animal models of PM, and its prognosis is better than intense immune-ablative and tolerance inducing therapy and regular CTX therapy.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and attitude of smoking and its influencing factors among residents in Hongkou District of Shanghai, so as to provide evidence for tobacco control. Methods Nine hundred and sixty residents in Hongkou District of Shanghai aged 15 to 69 years were selected by multi-level random sampling, among whom 958 completed the investigations on smoking status. Results The smoking rate and standardized smoking rate were 20. 04% and 18. 73%, respectively. The smoking rate and standardized smoking rate of males were 41.05% and 30.07%, and those of females were 0. 80% and 1. 70% , respectively. The smoking rate of males was higher than that of females (RR = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.01 -0.03). The smoking rates of age groups of 25 years old and over were higher than those of 15 to 24 years old, and the smoking rate of subjects with or above junior college education was lower than that of subjects with or below middle school education (RR=0.45, 95% CI: 0.25 -0.79). Subjects who drank alcohol smoked more than those did not (RR = 2. 68, 95% CI: 1. 76 - 4.09). Lower annual per capita income and higher knowledge on smoking hazard led to more tendance to object to smoking and agree with anti-smoking. Conclusion The prevalence of smoking of residents aged 15 to 69 years in Hongkou District of Shanghai was relatively lower. Age, gender, education status and alcohol drinking were influencing factors of smoking. Education on tobacco control among subjects aged more than 35 years should be strengthened, and more attention should be paid to those with lower education. Besides, education on alcohol control should be managed together with tobacco control.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of Shenfukang capsules on clinical efficacy and renal function indexes of patients with renal insufficiency. METHODS:Totally 100 inpatients with renal insufficiency treated by Shenfukang cap-sules in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University during Feb. to Mar. 2015 were analyzed retrospectively in respects of general information of patients,therapy plan,renal function indexs before and after treatment and clinical effica-cy. The relationship of clinical efficacy with age and duration was also analyzed. RESULTS:There were 33 cases of acute re-nal insufficiency and 67 cases of chronic renal insufficiency. The route of administration of Shenfukang capsules was oral ad-ministration(97 cases,97.00%),the main dosage was 6 capsule/d(36 cases,36.00%),and treatment duration were 0-<7 days(39 cases)and 7-<15 days(49 cases). After treatment,the average serum creatinine concentration was lower than be-fore treatment,while mean GFR and Ccr were higher than before treatment,with statistical significance(P<0.05). The total response rate was 72.00%,and response rate of patients with acute renal insufficiency was 87.88% and significantly higher than 64.18% of patients with chronic renal insufficiency,with statistical significance(P<0.05). Among patients with ≤60 years old,the total response rate of patients with acute renal insufficiency was significantly higher than that of patients with chronic renal insufficiency,with statistical significance(P<0.05);among patients elder than 60 years old,there was no statistical significance in therapeutic efficacy between acute renal insufficiency and chronic renal insufficiency(P>0.05);among patients with chronic renal insufficiency,the total response rate of patients elder than 60 years old was significantly better than that of patients with ≤60 years old,with statistical significance (P<0.05). With the extension of treatment duration,the total response rate of patients with acute renal insufficiency was on the rise,and that of patients with chron-ic renal insufficiency increased first and then decreased. No obvious ADR was found during treatment. CONCLUSIONS:Shenfu-kang capsules can improve renal function in patients with renal insufficiency,and has definite curative effect on acute and chronic renal insufficiency with good security. The clinical efficacy may be related to age and treatment course.

Objective To investigate the neuroprotective mechanism of cerebral ischemic preconditioning by detecting the expression changes of hippocampus nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and Hesl mRNA after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats.Methods A total of 108 healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into a cerebral ischemia group,a cerebral ischemic preconditioning group,and a sham operation group,and then redivided into 22 h,48 h,72 h,7 d,and 14 d subgroups.Ischemic preconditioning was performed at day 3 before establishing the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model by transient occlusion of right internal carotid artery for 10 min.At each time point after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion,the neurological deficit score and cerebral infarction volume measurement were performed,and the expressions of NF-κB and Hes1 mRNA in the hippocampus were detected by using real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results The neurological function scores and the percentage of cerebral infarction volume in the cerebral ischemic preconditioning goup at each time point were significantly lower than those in the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group (all P ＜0.05).The expression levels of NF-κB and Hesl mRNAs in each group had progressive reduction with time.Compared with the same time point,it showed that the expression levels of NF-κB and Hes1 mRNAs in the cerebral ischemic preconditioning group and the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group were significantly higher than those in the sham operation group,the expression level of NF-κB mRNA in the cerebral ischemic preconditioning group was significantly lower than that in the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group,and the expression level of Hesl mRNA was significantly higher than that in the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group (all P ＜0.05).Conclusions The upregulation of Hesl and down-regulation of NF-κB may be involved in the neuroprotective mechanisms of cerebral ischemic preconditioning.

Objective: To explore the influence of the 4th revised treatment recommendations in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) on high dose methotrexate(HD-MTX)-induced nephrotoxicity and MTX blood concentrations. Method: The clinical data from 330 ALL children who received 1 242 courses of HD-MTX therapies from September 2012 to November 2016 was collected. The courses were divided into two groups based on the chemotherapies: original scheme group was treated with the 3rd revised regimen, and new scheme group was treated with the 4th revised regimen. The two groups in acute kidney injury (AKI) and MTX blood concentrations were compared. Result: The incidences of AKI with low risk (LR) and intermediate risk (IR) in new scheme group were significantly lower than those in original scheme group (1.3%(3/229) vs. 7.9%(24/303), 4.9%(10/204) vs. 12.8%(26/203), χ²=11.831 and 7.888 respectively, both P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of AKI with high risk (HR) in the two groups (15.2%(10/66) vs. 10.5%(25/237), χ²=1.071, P>0.05). The 48h MTX blood concentrations and the interphase from onste to MTX concentrations decreased to the safe level with LR and IR children in new scheme group were significantly lower than those in original scheme group (0.36(0.08-4.00) vs. 0.44(0.06-32.00) μmol/L, 0.49(0.22-33.00) vs. 0.60(0.18-83.00) μmol/L, 3(2-6) vs. 3(2-11) d, 3(2-11) vs. 3(2-19) d, Z=-5.953, -2.658, -4.490 and -4.729 respectively, all P<0.05). The differences with HR were not observed between the two groups (0.61(0.14-36.00) vs. 0.71(0.11-68.00) μmol/L, 3(2-15) vs. 3(2-13) d, Z=-1.465 and -1.179 respectively, both P>0.05). Conclusion Decreased renal toxicity and acceleration of MTX excretion may occur when childhood ALL with LR and IR were treated with the 4th revised regimen. However, nephrotoxicity and MTX blood concentrations have no significant differences with HR in the two regimens, and close monitoring are necessary.