This paper summarizes the new progress of the research of the targeted microbubble ultrasound contrast agents and ultrasound molecular imaging in tumor angiogenesis.There are two constructing methods of targeted microbubble ultrasound contrast agents.Targeted new blood vessels microbubble unltrasound contrast agents are mainly divided into the connection of alpha(V)beta3 antibody,αVβ3 integration antibody and connecting VEGFR2.The quantitative analysis of targeted microbubble adhering to tumor target and the evaluation of the correlation between targeted microbubble adhering to tumor neovascular endothelial cell and tumor local pathological microvessel density suggest that ultrasound molecular imaging can be noninvasive,quick,repeated,dynamic and quantitative evaluate tumor angiogenesis and indirectly reflect the malignant tumor tissue proliferation activity and its biological characteristics.

Objective To Study the application of ultrasound mediated drug-loading ultrasound contrast agents in auxiliary cancer chemotherapy.Methods Carrying paclitaxel (PTX) hollow periodic mesoporous organosilicas(HPMOs) were prepared by Structural differences selective etching method.The drug release kinetics of ultrasound mediated in vitro were evaluated at different time points of ultrasound radiation to PTX-HPMOs.The cell survival were evaluated by CCK8 experiment.Results ① The drug loading of PTX-HPMOs was 91 mg/g.②The achieved HMONs showed the high stability and excellent contrast enhancement for ultrasound imaging both in vitro.HPMOs showed the same good effect of contrastenhanced ultrasound imaging as SonoVue.③Drug-loaded HMONs exhibit ultrasound-responsive drug release performance.The ultrasonic stimulation can increase the release of 18 ％ of PTX each time.④ After ultrasonic stimulation,PTX-HPMOs showed good antitumor effect in vitro.Conclusions The new type of drug loading ultrasound contrast agents show good ultrasonic imaging and can help the cancer chemotherapy at the same time.

Objective To study the effects of Danlong Xingnao Tablet on neuronal apoptosis and expression of TNF-? after focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion in rat hippocampus. Methods The model of middle cerebral arteries occlusion (MCAO) were performed with intraluminal filament blockade. By using in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotor nick end labeling (TUNEL) and immunohistochemistry staining, the number of apoptotic cells and TNF-? positive cells were detected in the sham-operated group, the ischemia reperfusion group, Danlong Xingnao Tablet group and nimodipine group after the middle cerebral arteries of SD rats occluded for 1 h and reperfused for 24 h.Results Compared with the sham operation group, the number of apoptotic cells and TNF-? positive cells of the model group increased significantly (P

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of carotid artery ultrasonography,CT angiography (CTA)and digital subtraction angiography (DSA)for carotid artery dissection. Methods The image data of carotid artery ultrasonography,CTA,and DSA of 24 patients with carotid artery dissection were analyzed retrospectively. Results Twenty-four,16,and 21 patients were examined with DSA,CTA,and carotid artery ultrasonography respectively. The detection rates of carotid artery dissection with DSA,CTA, and carotid artery ultrasonography were 95. 8%,75.0%,and 71. 4% respectively. The DSA mostly showed the line-like sign (n=12,50 %). CTA and carotid artery ultrasonography mostly showed the double lumen sign;they were 37. 5%(n=6)and 52. 4%(n=11)respectively. Compared with DSA,the concordance rates of carotid artery ultrasonography and CTA were 66. 7% and 81. 3% respectively. There was no significant difference (Kappa=0. 39,P=0. 08 and Kappa=0. 43,P =0. 22 respectively). The concordance rate of ultrasonography in combination with CTA and DSA reached 87. 5%(n=15,Kappa=0. 67,P =0.047). There was significant difference. Conclusion DSA is a gold standard for the diagnosis of carotid artery dissection,and it is irreplaceable. Carotid artery ultrasonography in combination with CTA can improve the diagnostic rate. Carotid artery ultrasonography can be used as a screening method for carotid artery dissection.

Objective To develop the Non-Language-Based Cognitive Assessment (NLCA) applicable to patients with aphasia and to validate the reliability and validity of NLCA.Methods Seventy-three normal subjects and 32 patients with mild cognitive impairment were evaluated by the NLCA and the Mini-Mental State Examination.Forty subjects were randomly selected from the normal subject samples were assessed with the NLCA,the Auditory Verbal Learning Test,the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (Form A),the Stroop Color-Word Interference Test,the Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (Part A),and the WAIS Digit Span Test.Results The NLCA had high inter-rater agreement (Cronbach's α coefficient 0.836),reliability among the assessors 0.895-0.953,test-retest reliability 0.863-0.952 at at a 2-6 week interval.The years of education was significantly correlated with NLCA (r =0.852,r ＜ 0.01).When the Montreal Cognitive Assessment was used as diagnostic criteria,the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.899 (95％ confidence interval 0.827-0.972).When cutoff at 70,the NLCA had had high sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value in the identification of patients with mild cognitive impairment.Conclusions The NLCA has good reliability and validity.It is an effective cognitive function assessment that meets the basic requirements of the neuropsychological tests.

Objective To investigate the relationship among age,menopausal status,serum 25 (OH)VD and skeletal metabolism index as PTH (Parathyroid Hormone),CA(Calcium),P (Phosphorus) and boned mineral density (BMD) of climacteric female in Xi'an.Methods 352 cases of healthy women at the age of 40～60 were collected who did routine examination in outpatient building of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 2016 to April 2016.According to the results of skeletal density test,all subjects were divided into 3 groups as the normal group (T＞-1),the reduction group (-2.5＜T＜-1),the osteoporosis group (T＜-2.5).Electrochemiluminescent immunoassay (ECLIA) was used to detect levels of serum 25 (OH)VD,PTH,CA and P.Kruskal-Wallis test and chi-square test were used to analyze differences of age,serum 25(OH)VD,PTH,CA and P in different levels of bone mineral density groups.Results Compared with bone density normal group 2.24(2.18～2.29)mmol/L,serum CA levels of bone mineral density reduction group 2.27 (2.20 ～ 2.32)mmol/L and osteoporosis group 2.27(2.23～2.33)mmol/L were significantly higher (Z=9.669,P＜0.01).Serum P levels of bone mineral density reduction group 1.15 (1.09～ 1.23)mmol/L and osteoporosis group 1.18 (1.09～ 1.25)mmol/L were obviously higher than bone density normal group,1.11 (0.99 ～ 1.23) mmol/L (Z =13.64,P＜ 0.01).Ages of osteoporosis group 54(50～57) years and bone mineral density reduction group 51 (47～ 54) years were significantly older than Bone density normal group 47(43～50) years (Z=73.08,P＜0.01).The rate of menopause in osteoporosis group and bone mineral density reduction group were significantly higher than in bone density normal group (x2 =13.81,P＜ 0.01).There was no statistical difference in serum 25(OH)VD and PTH between groups.Conclusion This study found boned density of climacteric women is more likely correlated with age,menopause status and levels of serum CA and P.There was not enough evidence to prove that 25 (OH)VD and PTH have effect on skeletal density.Therefore,to monitor and detect the menopause status and levels of serum CA and P of climacteric female is critical for the prevention and treatment on osteoporosis of women.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and attitude of smoking and its influencing factors among residents in Hongkou District of Shanghai, so as to provide evidence for tobacco control. Methods Nine hundred and sixty residents in Hongkou District of Shanghai aged 15 to 69 years were selected by multi-level random sampling, among whom 958 completed the investigations on smoking status. Results The smoking rate and standardized smoking rate were 20. 04% and 18. 73%, respectively. The smoking rate and standardized smoking rate of males were 41.05% and 30.07%, and those of females were 0. 80% and 1. 70% , respectively. The smoking rate of males was higher than that of females (RR = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.01 -0.03). The smoking rates of age groups of 25 years old and over were higher than those of 15 to 24 years old, and the smoking rate of subjects with or above junior college education was lower than that of subjects with or below middle school education (RR=0.45, 95% CI: 0.25 -0.79). Subjects who drank alcohol smoked more than those did not (RR = 2. 68, 95% CI: 1. 76 - 4.09). Lower annual per capita income and higher knowledge on smoking hazard led to more tendance to object to smoking and agree with anti-smoking. Conclusion The prevalence of smoking of residents aged 15 to 69 years in Hongkou District of Shanghai was relatively lower. Age, gender, education status and alcohol drinking were influencing factors of smoking. Education on tobacco control among subjects aged more than 35 years should be strengthened, and more attention should be paid to those with lower education. Besides, education on alcohol control should be managed together with tobacco control.

Objective To explore the application value of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in treating cervical carcinoma. Methods Seventy-one cervical carcinoma patients who were divided into three groups:PF group (cisplatin and fluorouracil,23 cases) or CBP group (carboplatin,bleomycetin and cyclophosphamide, 24 cases) or TP group (paclitaxel and cisplatin, 24 cases); operation was made 14 - 21 days afterwards. The therapeutic effect, chemotherapy side-effect and the effect on operation and pathology for these three groups were analyzed and compared. Results The effective rate was 93.8%(30/32),88.6% (31/35),82.4%(28/34) in TP group,CBP group,PF group,respectively. However, the therapeutic effect had no statistics significance with age, preoperative tumor grade, pathologic type for all the three groups, the therapeutic effect had statistical significance with clinical stage. The rate which pathological examination showed no residual cancer was biggest in CBP group [CBP group was 28.6%(6/21), TP group was 4.3% (1/23), PF group was 11.8%(2/17), P < 0.05 ]. Conclusions Three NACT projects are safe and effective treatment for cervical cancer. However,each project has advantages. The NACT projects can be elected for different patient according to his illness and economy.

Objective To investigate the neuroprotective mechanism of cerebral ischemic preconditioning by detecting the expression changes of hippocampus nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and Hesl mRNA after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats.Methods A total of 108 healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into a cerebral ischemia group,a cerebral ischemic preconditioning group,and a sham operation group,and then redivided into 22 h,48 h,72 h,7 d,and 14 d subgroups.Ischemic preconditioning was performed at day 3 before establishing the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model by transient occlusion of right internal carotid artery for 10 min.At each time point after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion,the neurological deficit score and cerebral infarction volume measurement were performed,and the expressions of NF-κB and Hes1 mRNA in the hippocampus were detected by using real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results The neurological function scores and the percentage of cerebral infarction volume in the cerebral ischemic preconditioning goup at each time point were significantly lower than those in the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group (all P ＜0.05).The expression levels of NF-κB and Hesl mRNAs in each group had progressive reduction with time.Compared with the same time point,it showed that the expression levels of NF-κB and Hes1 mRNAs in the cerebral ischemic preconditioning group and the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group were significantly higher than those in the sham operation group,the expression level of NF-κB mRNA in the cerebral ischemic preconditioning group was significantly lower than that in the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group,and the expression level of Hesl mRNA was significantly higher than that in the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group (all P ＜0.05).Conclusions The upregulation of Hesl and down-regulation of NF-κB may be involved in the neuroprotective mechanisms of cerebral ischemic preconditioning.

Objective To investigate the imaging features and laboratory detection characteristics of tuberculous meningitis (TBM ) for achieving the purpose of early diagnosis and treatment.Methods Seventy-four patients with TBM in First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 2013 to December 2015 were selected as the experimental group and 80 patients of non-TBM as the control group.All cases were performed ADA ,TB-DNA and acid-fast bacilli smear detection in cerebrospinal fluid ,and at the same time ,which was combined with tuberculous infection T-SPOT.TB test and compared with the results of ima-ging examination.Then the application values of various examinations were compared.Results The sensitivity of ADA ,TB-DNA , acid-fast bacilli smear ,T-SPOT.TB and the imaging examination for 74 patients with TBM were respectively 64.86% (48/74) , 33.78% (25/74) ,75.68% (56/74) ,10.81% (8/74) and 54.05% (40/74).The specificity were respectively 75.00% (60/80) , 100.00% (80/80) ,58.75% (47/80) ,100.00% (80/80) and 91.25% (73/80).Conclusion The difference in imaging and laboratory test indicators has a certain guiding significance for TBM clinical diagnosis.Except for clinical routine detection ,other detections should be perfected as far as possible ,conducting the comprehensive analysis can improve the accuracy of diagnosis.