This article conducted a study on the foreign postgraduate students in Chongqing Medical University from the development scope,resources of students,major distribution,finical supporting from the year of 2006 to 2012.Based on the former analysis,it is found that students are of poor quality.There are very less Chinese learning channels.It is very urgent to optimize enrollment and improve the quality of students.There should be multi-channel expansion of Chinese learning and training refined Chinese expert.

Heart failure(HF)is the end stage of many cardiovascular diseases. Both the neurohumor overactivation and ventricular remodeling are the critical pathophy-siological processes of HF. It has been demonstrated that the serum level of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is elevated obviously in HF patients. As a circulatory hormone,BNP is mainly produced in cardiac ventricle. Through the natriuretic receptor(NPR)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP)pathway, BNP performs the properties of natriuresis,diuresis, vasodilatation,enhancing vagal reflex and inhibiting sympathetic activity, which can improve the hemodynamic of HF without activation of plasma renin. It has been reported that BNP has effects of antihypertrophic and antifibrotic and plays a role in the antiventricular remodeling. In a word, BNP plays an important role of cardioprotection in the development and prognosis of HF though the local autocrine and/orparacrine ways.

Aim To investigate the effect of Salidroside on the focal celebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats and its underlying mechanism. Methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 260-300 g, were ran-domly divided into three groups: sham, MCAO, MCAO+salidroside ( Sal ) groups. The rats were sub-jected to local celebral ischemia reperfusion with su-
ture-occluded method. The rats of MCAO +Sal group were treated intraperitoneally with salidroside ( 50 mg ·kg-1 ) for 6 days. Neurological deficit testing was performed with Longa’ s Scale. The mRNA expressions of Neun,Nogo-A,and NgR were detected by RT-qPCR in ischemic brain. The protein expressions of Neun, NGF , BDNF , Nogo-A and NgR were determined by
Western blot. Results Compared with MCAO group, salidroside significantly improved the neurological defi-cit,promoted the expressions of Bcl-2,Neun,NGF,BD-NF, and inhibited the expressions of Nogo-A, NgR. Conclusion Salidroside can reduce neurological defi-cit, increase the number of Nissl’ s Body and the ex-pression of Neun, and protect rats against focal cele-
bral ischemia/reperfusion injury,which may be accom-plished by increasing the expressions of Bcl-2, NGF, BDNF, and inhibiting the expressions of Nogo-A, NgR.

Aim To investigate the neuroprotective effect of salidroside in MCAO rats. Methods The rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion with suture-occluded method, and the neurologic injury and infarct size of rats were evaluated. According to the gene chip detected, the protein expressions of caspase-3 , cleaved caspase-3 were determined and the mRNA expressions of IL-6, Vgf, Hba-a2, Hbb-b1, Hbb, CD44, Pnpla2, Slc6a5 and Slc5a7 were tested. Re-sults Compared with MCAO group, salidroside signif-icantly improved the neurological deficit, reduced the infarct sizes, inhibited the expressions of cleaved caspase-3 protein and IL-6 mRNA, promoted the ex-pressions of Vgf, Hba-a2, Hbb-b1, Hbb, and reduced the expressions of CD44 , Pnpla2 , Slc6 a5 and Slc5 a7 . Conclusions Salidroside can reduce the neurological deficit and infarct size, and protect rats against focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, which may be ac-complished by increasing the expressions of Vgf, Hba-a2, Hbb-b1, and Hbb, and decreasing the expressions of cleaved caspase-3 , IL-6 , CD44 , Pnpla2 , Slc6 a5 and Slc5 a7 .

Objective To investigate the changes of cardiac aldosterone and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in Sprague-dawley (SD) rats with chronic heart failure (CHF) induced by isoproterenol (ISO). Methods The SD rats were randomly divided into CHF group (n=9) and normal control(NC) group (n=10). The experimental CHF group was induced by subcutaneous injection of ISO, and the NC group received same dose injection of sodium chloride. The heart function was evaluated with both echocardiography and hemodynamics. The contents of aldosterone in both plasma and heart were assessed by radioimmunoassay. The expression of MR was measured by Western blot and immunohistochemistry staining. Results Compared with NC group, the heart function was decreased in CHF group, the left ventricular ejection fraction was (38.8%±4.0%) in CHF and(79. 4%±4.6%), in NC group. The maximal rate of increase of ventricular pressure (+dp/dtmax) was (7164.4±502.6) mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)/s in CHF and (10199.5±462.9) mm Hg/s in NC group (both P＜0. 01 ). The contents of aldosterone both in plasma and heart were higher in CHF group than in NC group [(0.63±0.06)μg/L vs. (0.3±0.07) μg/L, (0.41±0.05) μg/kgvs. (0.08±0.01)μg/kg, both P＜0. 01]. The MR expression was increased in CHF group versus in NC group (P＜0.01). Conclusions The heart function is decreased in rats with CHF induced by ISO, which is similar to dilated cardiomyopathy. The higher levels of aldosterone both in circulation and in heart as and well as MR expression upregulation in heart may play important roles in the pathogenesis of CHF induced by ISO.

Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture and herbs on risk factors and prognosis of transient ischemic attack (TIA).Methods 120 patients received treatment from March to May 2011 in Gaomi People's Hospital and the Hospital of Gaomi were randomly divided into three groups,with 40 cases in each.Acupuncture and Chinese medicine group was treated with needling Neiguan and administered with modified Tianmagouteng decoction,3 times/d; Chinese medicine group was treated with modified Tianmagouteng diction exclusively,3 times/d; Western medicine group was treated with Aspirin,0.1 g,1 times/d.The three groups were treated for 30 d of two therapeutic courses.TCM syndrome score,blood pressure,blood lipids,blood rheology,blood sugar changes in the three groups of patients were observed before and after the treatment.And follow-up of elapse rate and the incidence of stroke in a year were observed.Results After treatment,① in the acupuncture and Chinese medicine group: the total cholesterol was (5.21 ± 0.97)mmol/L,whole blood viscosity was [(4.26±0.66) 200 mPa · s,(5.69±0.15) 30 mPa · s,(9.72±2.33) mPa · s],fibrinogen was (2.12± 0.46)g/L,systolic blood pressure was (124.13±9.96) mm Hg,diastolic blood pressure was (79.23±7.50) mm Hg,blood glucose was (5.59 ±0.78) mmol/L; in the Chinese medicine group,the total cholesterol was (5.43± 1.04) mmol/L,whole blood viscosity was [(4.25±0.25) 200 mPa · s,(5.46±0.55) 30 mPa · s,(9.81± 2.01) 5 mPa · s],fibrinogenwas (2.32±0.33) g/L,systolic blood pressure was (129.78±14.25) mm Hg,diastolic blood pressure was (79.54± 7.65) mm Hg,blood glucose was (5.60± 0.75) mmol/L; in the western medicine group,the total cholesterol was (5.52± 1.16) mmol/ L,full blood viscosity was [(4.12±0.54) 200 mPa · s,(5.45± 0.65) 30 mPa · s,(9.09 ± 1.11) mPa · s],fibrinogen was (2.41 ± 0.44) g/L,systolic blood pressure was (129.83 ± 14.91) mm Hg,diastolic blood pressure was (80.72±7.47) mm Hg,blood glucose was (5.75 ± 0.61) mmol/L.all these results were improved significantly than those before the treatment in the same group (P＜0.05),and the acupuncture and Chinese medicine group improved better than the other two groups (P＜0.05).② In 1-year follow-up,TIA recurrence rate of stroke in the acupuncture group were lower than the other two groups.Conclusion Acupuncture and Chinese medicine treatment were not only be able to improve the clinical symptoms of patients with TIA and blood pressure,blood lipids,blood theology,blood sugar and other risk factors for TIA patients significantly,but also can effectively reduced the relapse rate and the incidence of stroke.

Aim To discuss the pathway of resveratrol for anti-acute myeloblastic leukemia.Methods Human acute myeloblastic leukemia cell Kasumi-1 was applied in this study.After different doses of Res treatment for different time, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)colorimetry was used to detect the cell proliferation.Furthermore, apoptosis and cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry.Western blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)were used to detect the expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax for mRNA and protein.The activity of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3(STAT3)was detected by immunoblotting and Luciferase reporter gene assay.On the other hand, leukemia-bearing mice models were made to investigate the live situation, survival time and the activation of STAT3 by Western blot and immunohistochemical method.Results Resveratrol could suppress the proliferation of Kasumi-1, and induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.At the same time, the ratios of Bcl-2/Bax and phosphor-signal transducers and activators of transcription 3(p-STAT3)were decreased significantly.In vivo, resveratrol could prolong the life span of Kasumi-1-bearing mice and attenuate the activity of STAT3 in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusions Resveratrol is a natural occurring chemotherapeutic agent present in Chinese Herbals.The regulatory effect on signaling pathways involved in STAT3 by resveratrol may be associated with its anti-leukemia effect.

OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of different drying methods on the quality of North Qinglongyi,thus optimize the best drying way of North Qinglongyi. METHODS:North Qinglongyi was processed using five kinds of drying methods includ-ing drying in the shade,drying in the sun,oven drying,microwave drying,freeze drying and oven drying under different tempera-ture (40,50,60 ℃). The indicators were investigated,such as drying time,recovery rate of water,water content,alcohol ex-tract,content of active ingredients walnut quinone and juglone,in vitro anti-tumor activity of methanol extract to human gastric ade-nocarcinoma BGC823 cells and human lung cancer A549 cells. The effects of different drying methods on the quality of North Qinglongyi were analyzed comparatively. RESULTS:Among 5 kinds of drying method,microwave drying time was the shortest, and the time of drying in the shade was the longest;water content of sample with freeze drying was the highest,and that with mi-crowave drying was the lowest;the content of alcohol extract has little difference;the content of walnut quinone of sample with freeze drying was the highest,and that with microwave drying was the lowest;the content of juglone of sample dried at 40 ℃ was the highest,and that of freeze drying was the lowest;anti-tumor experiment in vitro showed that inhibition rate of sample with dif-ferent drying methods on the growth of 2 kinds of cells was in descending order of freeze drying>40 ℃ drying>drying in the shade,and the inhibition rate decreased with the increase of drying temperature. CONCLUSIONS:Different drying methods have obvious influence on the quality of North Qinglongyi. 40 ℃ drying method is the best for North Qinglongyi drying from the com-prehensive analysis including cost,the contents of effective composition,anti-tumor activity and practice.

Objective To evaluate whether the functional MRI could be used to reflect the change of angiogenesis after drug treat-ment,and obtain the related semi quantitative and quantitative parameters by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI).Methods The subcutaneous transplantation colorectal cancer were constructed in 20 nude mice,which were treated with Xiaoaifeimi.The transplanted tumor microvascular density,VEGF and PCNA were monitored.The therapeutic effect and MRI monitoring results were evaluated by combining DCE-MRI with the pharmacokinetic model.The semi quantitative and quantitative parameters were obtained for evaluating the effection of medicine.Half of nude mice were sacrificed to obtain the immunohistochem-ical staining.Correlation between pathological findings and parameters were analyzed.Results Compared to the control group,hu-man colon HT-29 cell proliferation rate was significantly decreased (44.87%)(P <0.05),and the apoptosis rate of HT-29 cells was increased 2.45 times (P <0.05)after Uyghur medicine treatment.The correlation between pathological examination and DCE-MRI parameters showed that Ktrans value and Kep were positively correlated with VEGF,MVD and PCNA (P <0.05).Conclusion A good relationship is showed between immunohistochemistry and DCE-MRI quantitative parameters in Uygur drug treating human colon cancer mice.