The clinical manifestations of polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) often emerge during childhood and are related with early life events.Fetal androgen excess may contribute to the etiology of PCOS.Otherwise,fetal growth restriction can confer a setpoint of maximal adipose tissue expansion and may lead to a state of insulin resistance which may finally contribute to the pathophysiology of PCOS.Two hypothesis,the prenatal androgen hypothesis and the adipose tissue expandability hypothesis,have been advanced,and have explained the prenatal origins of PCOS.This paper discusses the relationship between the PCOS and the two hypotheses to demonstrate the PCOS as a fetal origins of adult disease.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, radiographic features and prognosis of Diabetic Hemichorea.Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis in 12 patients suffering Diabetic Hemichorea in terms of the clinical manifestations, radiographic features,laboratory results and treatment processeswho were hospitalized in our hospital from 2005 to 2010.Results Diabetic Hemichorea occurred mostly in the patients with diabetics with uncontrolled blood glucose level for a long term.Both ketosis and nonketosis patients can suffer this disease.Cranial CT and/or MRI imaging, especially those with high signal and clear border in MRIT1 WI but without edema shadow and mass effect, was of diagnostic value.The symptoms vanished 7 day to 4 years after the treatment.Conclusion Deepening the understanding of clinicians and imageological staff upon Diabetic Hemichorea can decrease the misdiagnosis and ensure timely treatment for this disease.

Objective To study the effect of ?-crystallin on retinal ganglial cells(RGCs) and the possible mechanisms.Methods The changes of RGCs in vitro stimulated by 10~(-7),10~(-6),10~(-5),or 10~(-4)g/L ?-crystallin for 1,3,12 h,1,2,3 d were observed and identified by Thy1.1 antibody.The number and the length of outgrowing RGCs axons were calculated under microscope and compared with the control group.The effect of ?-crystallin on RGCs was detected by immunofluorescence with confocal laser scanning microscope.Results The length and number of RGCs axons in 10~(-4),10~(-5)g/L ?-crystallin solution were more than in the control on day 1,2,3 after ?-crystallin stimulation,most significant difference in 10~(-4)g/L group.The interaction between ?-crystallin and RGCs was proven positive by immunofluorescence with confocal laser scanning microscope.It increased firstly,then reduced.It reached the maximum at 3 h after ?-crystallin stimulation.Conclusion ?-crystallin enhanced the survival of RGCs and the regeneration of axons,suggesting ?-crystallin might be related to the changes of RGCs membrane signal transduction pathway.The mechanism might be involved in the interaction between ?-crystallin and RGCs.

Objective To analyse the CT features of body echinococcosis at plateau of Qinghai.Methods CT findings in 108 patients with echinococcosis were retrospectively analyzed.Results In 108 cases,there were 101 cases of cystic echinococcosis and 7 cases of alveolar echinococcosis which manifested as irregular mixed-density masses.The 101 cases of cystic echinococcosis were divided into five types:26 cases of unilocular or simple cystyc type,15 cases of multilocular or separate inner cyst,37 cases of sub-polycystic,19 cases of calcification of parenchyma and 11 cases of mixtures.The most of them in 108 cases were liver echinococcosis,others included multi-organs of abdomen and pelvis in 18,lung in 7,lung and pericardium in one and tibia echinococcosis complicated with infection.The data in this group showed that echinococcosis in abdomen and pelvis was higher than that in lung.Conclusion CT can definitely demonstrate the site and nature of body echinococcosis and the diagnosis was not difficult.

Objective To observe and discuss clinical effect of early parenteral nutrition ( PN) born within 24h and late PN within 72h on premature and low birth weight infants .Methods 68 admitted cases were divided into treatment group(n=35)and control group(n=33)with random number table.Treatment group was infused of amino acids(initial value 1g/kg· d)and fat emulsion(initial value 0.5-1.0g/kg· d)born within 24h,control group was in-fused of amino acids(initial value 0.5g/kg· d)and fat emulsion(initial value 0.5-1.0g/kg· d)born after 72h,dur-ing which breast feeding was arranged in terms of suitable situation ,and body weight ,liver and kidney function ,blood lipid,blood glucose,complications were noted and compared between two groups born after 7d.Results (1)The pre-term children born after 7d of physicochemical parameters were significantly improved after birth ( the treatment group t=2.169,5.963,11.773,5.920,5.870,8.998,2.076,the control group t=1.755,2.610,9.255,4.697,4.062, 7.489,2.042,all P<0.05).(2)PN time of treatment group was 8-17d,9-20d in the control group,there was signifi-cant difference between the two groups (t=1.458,P>0.05).Two groups of children in hyperlipidemia hyperbilirubi-nemia,cholestasis,secondary infection,the incidence of complications was no significant difference (χ2 =0.215, 0.235,0.173,0.190,all P>0.05).Conclusion Under the premise of initial value of amino acid ,fat emulsion were 1g/kg· d,0.5-1.0g/kg· d,early PN born within 24h compared with late PN born after 72h can better improve nutri-tional status of premature and low birth weight infants ,and clinical safety of two methods are much similar;for prema-ture and low birth weight infants ,amino acid and fat emulsion may be considered to intake born within 24h.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of selective salpingography (SSG)and fallopian tube reca-nalization(FTR)in treating fallopian tubal infertility.Methods 127 patients with fallopian tubal infertility who trea-ted with SSG and FTR were analyzed.Results Among 127 patients,there were 19 patients with both salpingemphrax-is.After SSG,we found 9 cases of 11 fallopian tubes were unobstructed.After SSG and FTR,108 fallopian tubes were unobstructed,the effective rate was 80.00%.After one year following -up,41 cases (34.75%)were fertilized. Conclusion SSG and FTR were effective for patients with salpingemphraxis.The treatment was safe,effective and less harmful for patients.It is worthy for clinical application.

Objective To observe the effects of misoprostol on prevention of postpartum hemorrhage.Methods 200 cases of full-term pregnancy intravaginal labor were randomly divided into misoprostol groups (n=100) and control groups (n=100).The misoprostol groups were treated with misoprostol 400 μg PO after labor and control groups were treated with oxytocin 20 U IV after labor.Results The average time interval of the third stage was (6.10±3.35) min in misoprostol groups,whereas (10.00±3.45) min in controls.There was significant difference between two groups (P＜0.01).The average quantity of blood loss in 2 h after labor was (150.30±34.00) ml in misoprostol groups,whereas (240.60±57.30) ml in controls.Conclusion Better effects of misoprostol than oxytocin were proved on preventing postpartum hemorrhage.

Objective:To understand the clinical and pathological characteristics of lepropy with the expectation to reduce the misdiagnoses and missed diagnoses.Methods:12 cases including 6 clinically diagnoses cases of leprosy patients with some lesions in the skin or nerves were examined by HE and acid-fast stains under light microscopy.Results:All cases were confirmed as leprosy by pathology with that pictures of leprous cells,granulomas,nerve lesion and positive acid-fast stain.Conclusion:It is necessary to make careful check of nerves and to make smear,biopsy,acid-fast stain for patients with chronlic spots in the skin.

0.05),but at 72h,96h,120h after exposure,the absorbance values in carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum group were always significantly higher than those in control group at the same time(P0.05).Conclusions:The model established with a special airtight container and an automatic pneumoperitoneum meter is an ideal one for research about laparoscopy in vitro,and the carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum in this model increases the in vitro growth of human cervical carcinoma cells.

Objective:To analyze the complications of interventional chemotherapy for breast cancer by two different ways to rationally select interventional chemotherapy ways with low risks of complications.Methods:A total of 91 cases of breast cancer were divided into 2 groups,interventional chemotherapy group through ulnar artery(i.e.,ulnar artery group)with 28 cases and interventional chemotherapy group through femoral artery(i.e.,femoral artery group)with 63 cases.Both groups were operated with local anesthesia in DSA room,and the chemotherapeutic drugs were perfused when the catheters were inserted into the proximal side of the cross of infraclavicular artery and internal thoracic artery.The catheters in ulnar artery group were kept for 1 to 2 therapeutic courses,but not in femoral artery group.The complications were observed and analyzed.Results:The occurrence rate of complication in ulnar artery group was 39.29%(11cases),which was significantly higher than that(6.35%,4 cases)of femoral artery group(?2=12.98,P