Objective: To establish a quality standard for Jinzhitai Capsule(Rhizoma Polygonati, Radix Polygoni Multiflori Preparata, Rhizoma Alismatis, alcohol extract of Gynostemma Pentaphyllun, Fructus Crataegi, Semen Cassiae, etc.). Methods: Radix Polygoni Multiflori Preparata, Rhizoma Alismatis, Semen Cassiae were identified by TLC. The content of emodin and chrysophand and physcion in Jinzhitai Capsule were determined by HPLC, using a Kroma. sil C 18 column, methanol 0.1% phoaphoeic acid(94∶6) as the mobile phase. The detection wavelength was 440nm. Results: The TLC spots developed were quite clear. The linear ranges of emodin and chrysophanol and physcion were 0.039～0.35?g and 0.039～0.35?g and 0.037～0.33?g, respectively. The average recovery of emodin and chrysophanol and physcion was 97.4% and 98.0% and 97.1%, with RSD of 1.70% and 1.56% and 1.83%, respectively. Conclusion: The method can be used to the quality control of Jinzhitai Capsule.

Objective To investigate the influence provided by irbesartan on aldosterone escape during an-giotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor(ACEI) therapy in patients with essential hypertension (EH). Methods 166 EH patients were treated with ACEI. Plasma angiotensin Ⅱ ( Ang Ⅱ ) and aldosterone(Ald) concentrations were meas-ured by radioimmunoassay following the therapy of 3 months treatment. Aldosterone escape was estimated by the plas-ma Ald level after 3 months treatment. Patients with aldosterone escape were given irbesartan for 6 months. The aldo-sterone escape were observed following the therapy with irebesartan at 1,3,6 months. Results Following the treat-ment of irbesartan for 1 month, plasma Ang Ⅱ and Ald concentrations significantly decreased (P < 0.01 ). However, it began to increase after 3 and 6 months treatment, still lower than that of the therapy not given irbesartan ( P < 0.01 ).The levels of plasma Ang Ⅱ and Aid were higher in 6 months than in 1,3 months ( P < 0.01 ), but there are no differ-ences between 1 and 3 months(P>0.05). Conclusion Irbesartan can reduce aldosterone escape during 6 months.But aldosterone escape may be occur again after 6 months treatment of irebesartan.

Objective To investigate the effects of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)expression on pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and to find new target for gene therapy.Methods After liposome-mediated small interference RNA (siRNA) transfection into rat retinal endothelial cells,the cells were cultured in medium with CoCl2-induced hypoxic condition.Expression of HIF-1α mRNA was determined by fluorenscence quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),HIF-1α protein expression was detected by Western Blot after cocultured for 8 hours.Cell proliferation was measured with 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiazol (-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay after cocultured for 24 hours.Difference between groups was compared with independent samples t test.Results Rat retinal vascular endothelial cells were successfully transfected with siRNA.Fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR results showed that at 48 hours of transfection,the expression of HIF-1α mRNA in the interference group of siRNA1,siRNA2 and siRNA4 were 0.1620 ± 0.0147,0.2034 ± 0.0251 and 0.3049 ± 0.0165,which were 16.20％,20.34 ％ and 30.49％ of blank control group (1.0000±0.0344),and were lower than that of negative control group (0.8334±0.0242) (t=16.786,8.953 and 4.087,P＜0.05 respectively).Western Blot results showed that HIF-1α protein expression was significantly inhibited by siRNA1(0.4956 ± 0.0421 ) and siRNA2 (0.6544 ± 1.0032) comparing with blank control group (3.5105 ±0.4084) and negative control group (3.4019 ± 1.0677) (t =6.861,2.893,4.567 and 5.072,P＜0.05 respectively).As for cellular proliferation activity,(49.5±2.9) ％ and (67.4±1.2) ％ of cells growth inhibition were observed after transfection with siRNA1 and siRNA2,which were higher than those of negative control group [(15.7±1.5) ％ ] (t=2.786 and 6.904,P＜0.05).Conclusions The synthetic HIF-1α siRNA could effectively inhibit the expression of HIF-1α gene and reduce cell proliferation in rat retinal endothelial cells under hypoxic condition.RNA interference technology targeting HIF-1α might become a new strategy for gene therapy of ROP.

Objective To evaluate the impact of lower renal calyceal anatomic structure on flexible fibreoptic ureteroscopy with holmium laserin treatment of calyceal calculi.Methods From January 2007 to December 2011,a total of 60 patients with a lower calyceal renal stone were enrolled in this study.The mean age was 51 years (range 23 to 78 years).The mean height was 169.8 cm,and mean body mass was 71.2 kg.Intravenous urogram (IVU) was performed on all patients and the lower pole anatomy (including infundibulopelvic angle,length of the inferior caliceal infundibulum and infundibular width) were measured in these patients.The correlation between lower pole anatomy and the success of flexible fibreoptic ureteroscopy with holmium laser for calyceal calculi was analyzed.Results Of the 60 patients,42 patients were successful in stone clearance.The patients in the stone-free group age of (50.1 ± 14.6) years,height (169.8 ±5.1) cm,body mass (71.4 ±5.1) kg,the maximum stone size in diameter (10.9 ±2.1) mm,stone burden (85.4 ± 9.5) mm2,lower infundibular length (36.3 ± 3.7) mm and lower infundibular width (4.9 ±1.4) mm; the other 18 patients age (50.7 ± 11.7) years,height (169.9 ±6.4) cm,body mass (71.6±4.7) kg,the maximum stone size in diameter (11.3 ±2.4) mm,stone burden (82.5 ±8.6)mm2,lower infundibular length (37.2 ± 2.3) mm and lower infundibular width (4.8 ± 1.9) mm.There was no difference between the stone-free group and the residual group in all above parameters (P ＞ 0.05).However,the infundibulopelvic angle in the stone-free group was significantly greater than that in the residual group (63.4 ± 23.2 vs 45.32 ± 17.6,P ＜ 0.05).x2 test showed the stone clearance rate in patients with angle ≥45 was better than that in those with angle ＜45 (84.6％ vs 42.7％,P ＜0.05).If grouped by infundibulopelvic angle,patients with infundibulopelvic angle greater than 90°had stone clearance rate 92.3％ (12/13),those with angle ranged from 30° to 90° had 73.2％ (30/41),and those with infundibulopelvic angle smaller than 30° had 0％ (0/6).Logistic regression analysis showed that the angle was a significant independent predictor of stone clearance (OR =1.12,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The infundibulopelvic angle has adverse influences on the performances of flexible ureteroscopy.The samller the angle is,the poorer the performances of flexible ureteroscopy is.

Objective To discuss the significance of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in evaluation of intrapartum hypoxic-ischemic cerebral injury, and to provide a method to evaluate neonatal brain damage objectively and quantitatively. Methods A total of 63 neonates with fetal distress were divided into hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE) group and non-HIE group. Thirtyfive newborns with no fetal distress were chosen as controls. Using NIRS, the brain regional oxygen saturation(rSO2) in these neonates were measured. Evaluation of brain rSO2 in the diagnosis of HIE was analyzed with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results At the time of fetal head visible on vulval gapping and 5 min after birth, the HIE group showed decreased brain rSO2[(36. 6±5.0)% and (52. 0±4. 2)%], comparing with control group[(45. 9±4. 6)% and (59. 6±4. 4)%]and non-HIE group[(44.1±3.1) % and (57. 6±3. 5) %](P<0. 01) . The brain rSO2 was positively correlated with the pH and oxygen saturation of umbilical artery blood in all groups (P<0. 01). When the cut-off value of brain rSO2 was <39. 5% at fetal head visible on vulval gapping, the sensitivity and specificity of assessing HIE were 67% and 93%, respectively, while 70% and 86% when the cut-off value was <53. 5% at 5 min after birth. Conclusions The brain rSO2 obtained by NIRS could be used to evaluate brain oxygenation, and may be useful in predicting HIE in neonates with fetal distress.

OBJECTIVEThis study investigates the circadian variation rules of the clock gene Per2 and clock-controlled genes of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Ki67, c-Myc, and P53 in different stages of carcinogenesis in buccal mucosa carcinoma and their roles in the development of buccal mucosa carcinoma.

METHODSNinety Syrian golden hamsters were housed under. 12 h light/12 h dark cycles. Dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) was used to establish the carcinoma model by smearing the golden hamster buccal mucosa. Before DMBA painting and after 6 and 14 weeks, the hamsters were sacrificed at six time points within a period of 24 h (i.e., 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 h after light onset), and the normal buccal mucosa, precancerous lesions, and cancer tissues were simultaneously obtained. Hematoxylin and eosin stained sections were prepared to observe the canceration of each tissue. Real time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA expression of Per2, VEGF, Ki67, c-Myc, and P53. Cosine analysis was employed to determine the circadian-rhythm variations of Per2, VEGF, Ki67, c-Myc, and P53 mRNA expression in terms of median, amplitude, and acrophase.

RESULTSThe expression of Per2, VEGF, P53, and c-Myc mRNA in three different stages appeared with circadian rhythms (P<0.05), whereas the Ki67 mRNA was expressed with circadian rhythm only in normal and precancerous lesion stages (P<0.05). The midline-estimating statistic of rhythms (MESORs) of Per2 and P53 mRNA were significantly down-regulated with the development of cancer (P<0.05), whereas the MESORs of VEGF, c-Myc, and Ki67 mRNA were up-regulated (P<0.05). The amplitude of P53 mRNA significantly decreased with the development of cancer (P<0.05). Moreover, compared with the normal group, the amplitudes of Per2, VEGF, Ki67, and c-Myc mRNA significantly increased in precancerous lesions and cancer tissue (P<0.05). In precancerous stage, the acrophases of Per2, VEGF, and c-Myc mRNA were earlier than that in the normal group, whereas that of Ki67 and P53 mRNA were delayed.

CONCLUSIONThe circadian-rhythm characteristics of the clock gene Per2 and clock-controlled gene expression of VEGF, Ki67, c-Myc, and P53 mRNA have changed with the occurrence and development of carcinoma.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene ; Animals ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; Circadian Rhythm ; Cricetinae ; Mesocricetus ; Mouth Mucosa ; metabolism ; Mouth Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Staging ; Period Circadian Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

Objective To evaluate the effects of health education and improved stoves on control of coalburning-borne endemic fluorosis in Guizhou Province.Methods In 2014,according to the detectable rate of dental fluorosis of children aged 8-12 before implementing control measures,11 counties were divided into three layers:low detection rate (detection rate was less than 60％),medium detection rate (detection rate from 60％ to 90％) and high detection rate (detection rate was greater than 90％).One county was selected from each layer and two towns were selected in each county.According to the Diagnosis of Dental Fluorosis (WS/T 208-2011),dental fluorosis of all children aged 8-12 was examined in all towns;At the same time,in the 2 villages in each town,20households and students of one class in grade 4 to 6 were selected to survey knowledge about prevention and control of coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis;and to survey the situation of improved stoves,drying and elutriation of corn and chillies,and related life behavior.Results The detectable rate of dental fluorosis of children aged 8-12was 5.49％ (198/3 607),8.33％ (72/864),12.46％ (179/1 437),and it was significantly lower than before implementing control measures [41.88％ (931/2 223),61.91％ (4 863/7 855),91.25％(2 439/2 673),x2 =1 166.43,909.56,2 508.96,all P ＜ 0.01].Correct answer rates of students about knowledge on endemic fluorosis were 78.03％ (792/1 015),84.93％ (1 465/1 725) and 80.18％ (910/1 135),the correct answer rates of knowledge were significantly higher than those before implementing control measures [23.19％ (640/2 760),47.41％ (2 368/4 995) and 40.25％ (3 405/8 460),x2 =947.96,736.61,644.69,all P ＜ 0.01].Correct answer rates of family householders about knowledge on endemic fluorosis were 86.75％ 047/400),95.25％ (381/400) and 86.25％ (345/400),the correct answer rates of knowledge were higher than those before implementing control measures [17.78％ (80/450),37.20％ (279/750) and 25.27％ (139/550);x2 =402.97,359.49,344.55,all P ＜ 0.01].The percentages of households whose stoves were qualified and can be used correctly to the total households were 96.25％ (77/80),96.25％ (77/80) and 93.75％ (75/80),and before implementing control measures [4.92％ (348/7 078),21.51％ (7 461/34 693) and 6.73％ (475/7 062)],and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =1 181.55,262.63,842.82,all P ＜ 0.01).The percentages of households using clean energy in heating season to the total households increased from 0 (0/7 078),0 (0/34 693),0(0/7 062) to 98.75％ (79/80),98.75％ (79/80),96.25％ (77/80).The rates of the three counties whose inhabitants could bake the chillies correctly were 96.25％ (77/80),95.00％ (76/80) and 97.50％ (78/80),which were significantly higher than before implementing control measures [5.55％(5/90),26.00％ (39/150),52.73％ (58/110),x2=139.52,99.36,45.64,all P ＜ 0.01].Who cooked chillies after washing were 93.75％ (75/80),95.00％ (76/80),93.75％ (75/80),which were significantly higher than before implementing control measures [74.44％ (67/90),87.33％ (131/150),34.55％ (38/110),x2 =11.47,3.91,67.36,all P ＜ 0.05].Conclusion The effects of health education and improving stoves on coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis in the three counties of Guizhou Province are remarkable.

PurposeTo investigate the role of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in the detection of focal liver lesions (FLL).Materials and Methods T2WI, dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) and DWI (b=100 s/mm2 and 600 s/mm2 respectively) were performed in 205 patients with 310 FLLs. All images were read by two reviewers to determine the detection of FLLs and score the confidence. The consistency of the results given by the two reviewers was evaluated. The confidence scores between different sequences and the detection rate of different sequences were also compared.Results The consistency of the two reviewers was excellent or good in T2WI, high b value DWI, low b value DWI, and DCE (Kappa=0.71, 0.85, 0.82 and 0.64,P<0.05). As to the confidence score of lesion detection, high b value DWI and low b value DWI were both significantly higher than T2WI (P<0.01), but both were lower than DCE (P<0.01). DWI yielded higher score and detection rate for detecting FLLs than T2WI (86.5%vs. 70.3%,P<0.01), but lower than DCE (91.6%,P<0.05). For small malignant lesions (≤2 cm in diameter), DWI showed similar detection rate with DCE (P>0.05), but higher than T2WI (P<0.01). The combination of DWI and DCE detected more small malignant lesions than DWI or DCE alone (P<0.01).Conclusion DWI can detect more FLLs than T2WI, and can help DCE detect small malignant FLLs. Therefore DWI is suggested to be included in the routine protocol of liver MRI examination.

Objective To explore the early predictive factors of intestinal necrosis in patients with acute superior mesenteric arterial occlusive disease and its significance for the decision of exploratory laparotomy.Methods This retrospective study enrolled 29 patients diagnosed with acute superior mesenteric artery embolism or thrombosis in Peking University People's Hospital between July 1995 and June 2015.Results 12 patients developed intestinal necrosis.Patients with intestinal necrosis had a poorer prognosis than those who did not develop intestinal necrosis (x2 =14.867,P =0.000).In univariate analysis,the early predictive factors for intestinal necrosis were D-Dimer ≥ 600 μg/L (x2 =11.455,P =0.002),INR≥1.2 (x2 =3.948,P =0.047),pH values ＜7.4 (x2 =8.191,P =0.004),BE ＜ -1.0 mmol/L (x2 =8.191,P =0.004),blood lactate ≥ 2.2 mmol/L(x2 =7.535,P =0.006),BUN ≥ 6 mmol/L (x2 =10.076,P =0.002),CK ≥ 80 U/L (x2 =8.191,P =0.004),LDH ≥ 210 U/L (x2 =13.079,P=0.000),AST ≥25 U/L (x2 =10.076,P =0.002),SIRS (x2 =10.076,P =0.002).Multivariate logistic regression analysis found no independent predictive factors of intestinal necrosis in patients with acute superior mesenteric arterial occlusive diseases.Conclusion Intestinal necrosis in acute mesenteric arterial occlusive diseases indicates a poor prognosis.Coagulation abnormalities,liver or kidney dysfunction,metabolic acidosis and SIRS necessitates an immediate exploration.

Professor WEI Pin-kang has engaged in prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal tumors through intrgrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine for more than forty years. According to the characteristics of the gastric cancer development and using the philosophy thinking of TCM comparative states, combined with the ancient theory of phlegm syndrome in TCM, Professor WEI Pin-kang put foward his original theory that is the concept of phlegm differentiation of gastric cancer theory, and built the theory of the stomach sputum pollution, which can renovate the body's environment, eradicating the cause and improving the quality of life for cancer patients.