Social rapid progress aggravates air pollution, particulate matter (PM) which obviously affects human health and living quality is the prominent one of pollutants. Particulate air pollutant may increase obviously the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and lung diseases, also has genetic toxicity. Research advance in the field of genetic toxicity of PM has been reviewed in the article.

Aquaglyceroporin3(AQP3),a dual function water channel,can transport both water molecule and other small molecular substances such as glycerol.AQP3-mediated glycerol transport in skin is very important for skin function,whose absence can lead to dry skin,decreased elasticity,and impaired barrier function,and whose overexpression is related to higher risk of skin tumorigenesis.The multiple roles of AQP3 in skin function make it a potential target in treatment of skin disease and development of cosmetics.This paper reviews the characteristics,function,application,and research perspective of AQP3.

Objective To investigate the changes of iron-related proteins in different sex mice before and after burns.Methods The burn model in mice were prepared with 90 ℃ vapor.Both liver and spleen iron contents were measured by colorimetric method.Hepatic hepcidin and Fpn1 mRNA content were determined with RT-PCR.The Fpn1 protein was determined with Western blot.Results After burns,the content of spleen iron was increased and the expression of hepatic hepcidin was decreased in male mice,and at the same time the Fpn1 of liver and spleen was reduced.The content of iron homeostasis abnormality in female mice was less serious.Conclusion The change of iron-related proteins after burns may be one cause of iron homeostasis abnormality.The differences of iron-related protein expression in different sex after burns suggest that estrogen has a potentially protective function.

Mucin as an important member in gastrointestinal mucus layer has become the focus of research. Many studies suggested that MUC1 mucin is involved in the mechanism of Helicobacter pylori( Hp)infection. It is important to understand the relationship between MUC1 mucin and Hp for preventing Hp infection and gastric cancer. This article reviewed the relationship between MUC1 mucin and Hp.

Objective To determine the serum levels of cytokine IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, VEGF, IFNγ, EGF, MCP-1 and TNFα in preoperative and postoperative patients with hepatocarcinoma(HCC). Methods 30 patients with hepatocirrhosis were taken as hepatocirrho-sis group; 30 normal health examiners were taken as the normal control group. 30 patients with hepatocarcinoma were taken as HCC group; 30 patients with hepatic hemangioma were taken as the control group. Cytokines had been measured by biochips methods in evidence 180 automatic biochips analyze.Results The serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, VEGF and EGF of the patient with HCC and cirrhosis were significantly higher than those in normal control group. The serum levels of IL-10, IFNγand TNFα of the patient with HCC and cirrhosis were significantly lower than those in normal control group. The serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, VEGF and EGF of the preoperative patient with HCC were significantly higher than those in the postoperative patient with HCC. The serum levels of IL-10,IFNγ and TNFa of the preoperative patient with HCC were significantly lower than those in the postoperative patient with HCC. Conclusions These results suggest that the serum levels of angiogenic factors in HCC were increased. The serum levels of the inhibitors of vascular endothelial cells in HCC were decreased. The serum levels of angiogenic factors in the postoperative patient with HCC were decreased. The serum levels of inhibitors of vascular endothelial cells in the postoperative patient with HCC were increased.

ObjectiveTo determine the serum levels of cytokines associated with vascular endothelial cells before and after treatment with either transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) or partial hepatectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsThere were 30 patients who received partial hepatectomy (the operation group) and 30 patients who received TACE (the TACE group).Cytokines were measured before and after treatment.ResultsThe serum levels of IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,VEGF and EGF of the post-TACE patients were significantly lower than the pre-TACE patients.The serum levels of IL-10,IFNγ and TNFα of the post-TACE patients were significantly higher than the pre-TACE patients.The serum levels of IL-1β,IL-6.IL-8,VEGF and EGF in the postoperative patients were significantly lower than the post-TACE patients.The serum levels of IL-10,IFNγ and TNFα of the postoperative patients were significantly higher than the post-TACE patients.ConclusionThe results suggested that the serum levels of angiogenic factors in the postTACE patients were significantly higher than the postoperative patients.The serum levels of the inhibitors of vascular endothelial cells of the post-TACE patients were significantly lower than the postoperative patients.

Objective To discuss the clinicopathologic and imaging features of multilocular cystic renal eell carcinoma(MCRCC). Methods The data of 8 cases(5 men and 3 women)MCRCC classified according to 2004 WHO criteria were reviewed retrospectively.The tumor was incidentally found in 5 out of 8 cases.Renal ultrasound and CT scans were available in all 8 cases.CT or enhanced CT scans showed a well-defined cystid mass with irregular thickening wall or septa in 7 cases,without visible nodules found.For treatment,open or laparoscopic radical and partial nephrectomy was done in those cases. Results Postoperative pathological findings confirmed the diagnosis of MCRCC.The mean greatest diameter of the tumors was 5.6 cm.Microscopically,the wall and septa lined by one or several layers of clear cells were observed in all cases.The TNM stage of all 8 cases was T1 N0 M0.For pathologic grade,7 cases were G1 and 1 case was G2.Seven patients were followed up and remained tumor free during the average time of 8 months. Conclusions MCRCC is an uncommon subtype of RCC,it has a lower malignant potential and a better prognosis compared with other types of RCC according to the literature.Nephron-sparing surgery may be an appropriate treatment option for MCRCC.

Objective To investigate the clinical feature,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of endometriosis of the bladder.Methods A retrospective study was conducted to review the clinical data of 10 patients with bladder endometriosis.Patient's age ranged from 30 to 48 years (with mean age of 38 years).Eight cases were admitted to hospital with urinary tract irritating symptoms during the menstrual period and 6 cases with hematuria; 2 patients without any symptoms were found through examination.The course of disease was 1-36 months (with mean of18 months).Ultrasound shows with low echo,single,wide base and no significant blood flow mass whose boundaries are less clear within the bladder wall.CT reveals soft-mass protruding into the bladder.Results Eight of the 10 patients were undergone partial cystectomy.And 2 cases was treated with transurethral resection.All cases were pathologically confirmed to be bladder endometriosis.Recurrence and ectopic lesion had not be found during follow-up period from 10 to 72 months (with mean of 30 ± 5.6 mon).Conclusions Endometriosis is a common disease in females in their reproductive years,but thebladder endometriosis is rare.The initial diagnosis needs to be made combining with imaging studies.It is confirmed by cystoscopy and pathological biopsy.Surgery is the option for the treatment of bladder endometriosis.

Objective To analyze the diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of small cell carcinoma of bladder (SCCB) in order to improve the understanding of it.Methods The pathological and clinical data of 5 cases of SCCB were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were male,aged 50 to 78 years (mean age,64 years).Clinical manifestations of 4 cases were gross hematuria,the other case was found by health examination.Ultrasonography results of 3 cases were medium echo tumors,the other 2 cases were hypoecho tumors.The diameter of the tumor was 2.1 to 4.0 cm (mean,3.0 cm).There were 3 patients accepted CT scan.One of them was found of hydronephrosis and multiple pelvic lymph nodes.All patients accepted diagnostic TURBT.Three of them accepted postoperative chemotherapy (1 cycle) without other surgery.Two patients accepted radical cystectomy with postoperative chemotherapy (3 cycles) after bladder tumor biopsy.Results Pathological findings showed that tumor cells were small,round and sheet in arrangement.These hyperchromatic nuclei showed limited cytoplasm with lack of nesting character.Neuron specific enolase,chromogranin A and synaptophysin were positive in immunohistochemistry.The final diagnosis was SCCB'.Two of the three patients who accepted TURBT with postoperative chemotherapy died 7 and 8 months postoperatively,the other one was alive for 32 months.Another two patients who accepted radical cystectomy with postoperative chemotherapy were alive for 16 and 26 months.Conclusions SCCB is a rare tumor which has high malignancy and poor prognosis.Radical cystectomy in combination with postoperative chemotherapy is the main treatment.Retained bladder surgery with chemotherapy is an alternative choice.

Objective To assess the safety and efficacy of extended liver resection using preoperative PTCD (percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage) and PVE (portal vein embolization) to treat patients with locally advanced hilar cholangiocarcinoma.Methods We collected and analyzed the clinical data of 27 patients with Bismuth types Ⅲ and Ⅳ hilar cholangiocarcinoma who underwent extended hepatecomy using preoperative PTCD and PVE in our hospital.Results There were 21 patients with R0 resection and 6 patients with R1 resection.The mortality rate was 0％.Eight patients died of cancer recurrence.Conclusion Preoperative PTCD and PVE combined with extended hepatectomy were safe and efficacious in treating patients with locally advanced hilar cholangiocarcinoma,which resulted in potential cure.