In the view of the idea that the utilization of wild plants and animals in traditional Chinese medicine is destroying the biodiversity, this article discusses the relationship between traditional Chinese medicine and the biodiversity from a new point of view. The authors consider that reasonable utilization of the wildlife in traditional Chinese herbal medicine is beneficial to the protection of wildlife under proper management and guidance. However, there is still a long way to go to balance the relationship between the wildlife protection and exploration. In view of this, some propositions are put forward, including enforcing the relative laws and rules for herbal resources protection, carrying out the research work of the background data, formulating the standard for the classification of the rare and endangered species, accelerating the investigation of the substitute resources of extinctive wildlife for medical use, enforcing the citizens' consciousness of wildlife protection and developing the industrial and artificial cultivation of traditional Chinese herbal medicinal plants and animals.

Objective To investigate the effect of taurine transporter in the process of protection of brain edema in rats with severe traumatic head injury. Methods A total of 24 Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. Except the control rats (Group Sham), all other three groups were subjected to lateral fluid percussion head injury. The TBI (Traumatic brain injury) models (Group TBI) and surgical control rats (Group Sham) were injected with saline through caudal vein after surgery, while the Taurine prevention and Taurine treatment models (Group Pre Tau and Group Tau) were injected with 120 g/L taurine solution before or after surgeries respectively. Water content in each brain, mRNA and protein expres?sion of aquaporin 4 and taurine transporter in the injured rat brain hemispheres were all evaluated over the time course of the study (7 d) in each group. Results Compared with rats in Group Sham, water content in each brain increase, mRNA tran?scription and protein expression of AQP4 were both up regulated but the mRNA transcription and protein expression of TauT were both down-regulated in rats in TBI group. Compared with rats in TBI group, brain water content, mRNA transcription and protein expression of AQP4 all decrease while mRNA transcription and protein expression of TauT all increase in rats in Pre tau and Tau groups. There is no statistical difference of TauT expression between rats in pre-tau group and Tau group. Conclusion Taurine exert its neuron protection role through draining water content from brain and down regulating expres?sion of AQP4 but rising expression of TauT after TBI.

A simple and sensitive assay for rapid detection of human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) was developed by colorimetic reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP). The method employed six specially designed primers that recognized eight distinct regions of the HCoV-NL63 nucleocapsid protein gene for amplification of target sequences under isothermal conditions at 63 degrees C for 1 h Amplification of RT-LAMP was monitored by addition of calcein before amplification. A positive reaction was confirmed by change from light-brown to yellow-green under visual detection. Specificity of the RT-LAMP assay was validated by cross-reaction with different human coronaviruses, norovirus, influenza A virus, and influenza B virus. Sensitivity was evaluated by serial dilution of HCoV-NL63 RNA from 1.6 x 10(9) to 1.6 x 10(1) per reaction. The RT-LAMP assay could achieve 1,600 RNA copies per reaction with high specificity. Hence, our colorimetric RT-LAMP assay could be used for rapid detection of human coronavirus NL63.
Colorimetry ; methods ; Coronavirus Infections ; diagnosis ; virology ; Coronavirus NL63, Human ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; DNA Primers ; genetics ; Humans ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ; methods ; Reverse Transcription ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical effect of modified Koyanagi technique with coverage by tunica vaginalis of testis in severe hypospadias.

METHODS49 cases with severe hypospadias treated from Jan. 2009 to Sep. 2011 were retrospectively studied. 25 patients underwent Koyanagi technique with coverage by tunica vaginalis of testis. 24 cases underwent one-stage Duplay + Duckett technique in the same term. The patients were followed up for 7-24 months.

RESULTSAmong the 25 children treated with Koyanagi procedure, 20 cases were cured, 5 patients had postoperative complications, including urethral fistula in 3 cases,urethral stenosis in 2 cases. At the same time, in the Duplay + Duckett group, 17 cases were cured, 7 children had postoperative complications, including urethral fistula in 4 cases, and urethral stenosis in 3 cases. All the patients with urethral fistula were repaired successfully 6 months after the first surgery; The urethral stenosis were cured by dilatation within 1 to 3 months. The successful rate in the 2 groups had no significant difference(P >0.05).

CONCLUSIONSKoyanagi technique with coverage by tunica vaginalis of testis is relatively simple with similar effect as Duplay + Duckett technique for severe hypospadias.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Hypospadias ; surgery ; Male ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgical Flaps ; transplantation ; Testis ; surgery ; Urethral Diseases ; etiology ; therapy ; Urethral Stricture ; etiology ; therapy ; Urinary Fistula ; etiology ; surgery

To explore the correlation between the C807T polymorphism of platelet membrane gly- coprotein Ⅰa (GPⅠa) gene and aspirin resistance in Chinese people, 200 patients with high-risk of atherosclerosis took aspirin (100 mg/d) for 7 days. Platelet aggregation function was detected using adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and arachidonic acid (AA) before and after the administration of aspi- fin. Then the subjects were divided into three groups according to the results of platelet aggregation function: an aspirin resistant (AR) group, an aspirin semi-responder (ASR) group and an aspi- fin-sensitive (AS) group. Platelet GPⅠa gene 807CT polymorphism was examined by means of po- lymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP). The results showed that T allelic fre- quency in AR group and ASR group were higher that of AS group (P<0.005), and the prevalence of genotypes (TT+TC) of these two groups was significantly higher than that in AS group (P<0.05). Platelet GPⅠa T allele was significantly associated with aspirin resistance as revealed by multiple logistic regression (OR=3.76, 95% CI: 2.87-9.58). The results suggest that inherited platelet GPⅠa variations may have an important impact on aspirin resistance and the presence of GPⅠa T allele may be a marker of genetic susceptibility to aspirin resistance.

Single-port and reduced-port laparoscopic radical gastrectomy as the innovative surgery for gastric cancer are gradually accepted nowadays,and more attentions are also paid to single-port and reduced-port laparoscopic radical gastrectomy due to its better cosmetic effect,less pain,lower incidence rate of surgical site infection and more advantages in enhanced recovery after surgery.However,in the early stage,the development of single-port and reduced-port laparoscopic radical gastrectomy were facing challenges and obstacles on account of limited surgical skills,the lack of special laparoscopic instruments,laparoscope and multi-port Trocar.In recent years,the dilemma and difficult situations were gradually resolved following by surgical techniques innovation,laparoscopic instruments and facilities improvement.It is believed that single-port and reduced-port laparoscopic radical gastrectomy will have a good prospect and breakthrough in the field of gastric cancer treatment in the future.

Laparoscopic radical surgery for rectal can-cer involves total mesorectal excision (TME), D 3 lymphadenectomy, and pelvic autonomic nerve preservation, the goal of which is trying to achieve completely radical cure for cancer and urogenital function preservation. In the actual operation procedure, the understanding of fascial anatomy in abdominal and pelvic cavity will help us to improve the quality of TME surgery for rectal cancer and to preserve the pelvic autonomic nerves. When entering the pelvic cavity, the identification of fascia propria of mesorectum, visceral fascia, pre-hypogastric nerve fascia, presacral fascia, ligament structures around the rectum and the Denonvilliers′ fascia in front of the rectum will help us to protect the pelvic autonomic nerves and avoid surgical injury. So the authors focus on how to identify the pelvic fascia structure clearly in laparoscopic radical resection for rectal cancer, furthermore, to master the concepts of fascia anatomy to realize TME for rectal cancer and to achieve pelvic autonomic nerve preservation.

4K laparoscopy brings opportunities and challenges to the development of rectal surgery. 4K laparoscopy can truly provide the structure of abdominal and pelvic fascia, so that surgeons can see more subtle anatomical structure. The clear and real picture under 4K laparoscopic system can reduce visual fatigue of surgeons, which make the operation easier and safer. Radical resection of right colon cancer includes complete mesocolic excision and D 3 lymphadenectomy. Through 4K laparoscopic system, surgeons can easily observe the fascia structure of right mesocolon and its mesenteric bed, distinguish the vascular anatomical relationship at the mesenteric root, which make D 3 lymphadenectomy safer with dissection of lymph nodes completely. The authors comprehensively analyze the related research progress at home and abroad, and systematically elaborate the region of dissection and significance of 4K laparoscopic right hemicolectomy for right colon cancer.

Digestive tract reconstruction with side-to-side esophagojejunostomy is one of the most commonly used digestive tract reconstruction methods after laparoscopic total gastrectomy. It does not need an auxiliary incision. The linear stapler is used to directly enter the abdominal cavity through the Trocar to perform side-to-side anastomosis of esophagojejunostomy. The common hole can be closed by hand suture or linear stapler. 4K laparoscopy can present a clearer and more realistic view to the operators, so as to realize side-to-side esophagojejunostomy more accurately, to reduce the postoperative anastomo-tic related complications and improve the safety of the operation. This article will elaborate the technical key points and difficulties of esophagojejunostomy in 4K laparoscopic total gastrectomy, as well as the prevention and treatment of anastomotic related complications.

Pancreatic β-cell failure due to a reduction in function and mass has been defined as a primary contributor to the progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Reserving insulin-producing β-cells and hence restoring insulin production are gaining attention in translational diabetes research, and β-cell replenishment has been the main focus for diabetes treatment. Significant findings in β-cell proliferation, transdifferentiation, pluripotent stem cell differentiation, and associated small molecules have served as promising strategies to regenerate β-cells. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the mechanisms implicated in β-cell dynamic processes under physiological and diabetic conditions, in which genetic factors, age-related alterations, metabolic stresses, and compromised identity are critical factors contributing to β-cell failure in T2D. The article also focuses on recent advances in therapeutic strategies for diabetes treatment by promoting β-cell proliferation, inducing non-β-cell transdifferentiation, and reprograming stem cell differentiation. Although a significant challenge remains for each of these strategies, the recognition of the mechanisms responsible for β-cell development and mature endocrine cell plasticity and remarkable advances in the generation of exogenous β-cells from stem cells and single-cell studies pave the way for developing potential approaches to cure diabetes.