Objective To appraise its value by strengthening spiral CT scanning to the thyroid gland cancer and according to the change. Methods 22 cases of thyroid gland cancer and focus compeytent thin layer(2～5mm) were scanned. The strengthening change dynamically to appraise the method and characteristic of CT strengthening scanning. Results The strengthening density of the various thyroid gland cancer CT images were different which contributed to the diagnosis of pathological change. Conclusion The strengthening CT scanning to thyroid gland cancer can reflect the course of blood pathological change and the strengthening characteristics and contribute to the formulation of the clinical operation scheme.

4.0 mg/L) fluorosis areas in 2008.The fluoride content of the drinking water,the chlidren's dental fluorosis and urinary fluoride were investigated.Results The fluoride in drinking water in the water improved areas was(1.4?0.8)mg/L,which was significantly lower than that in the non-water improved areas(2.6?1.5)mg/L(P

Objective To investigate the effect of intrathecal injection (IT) of dexmedetomidine targeting Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) on neuropathic pain and spinal cord levels of TLR3 mRNA,interleukin-1β(IL-1β),tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) proteins in rat model of chronic constriction injury (CCI).Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups(n =10):the sham group(intrathecal normal saline,IT NS),CCI group (CCI + IT NS),DEX-pre group (CCI + IT DEX pre 2ds),DEX-post group (CCl + IT DEX post 7ds) and DEX + ATIP group (CCI + IT DEX + ATIP).The lumbar intrathecal catheters were implanted in L5_6 of rats and CCI models were established as previously described.The thermal and mechanical nociceptive thresholds were assessed by paw withdrawal latency(PWL) to radiant heat and yon Frey filaments.The DEX was administered intrathecally for 7 days starting from 2 day before surgery or 7day after surgery.The spinal cord expression of TLR3 mRNA was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Levels of IL-1β,TNF-α in spinal cord were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results Compared with the sham group,animals in CCI group had significandy lower mechanical (F =12.73,P ＜ 0.05) and thermal pain thresholds (F =14.65,P ＜ 0.05),higher expression of TLR3 mRNA (F =11.03,P ＜ 0.05) and levels of IL-1 β (F =9.67,P ＜ 0.05),TNF-α(F =8.78,P ＜ 0.05) in the spinal cord (P ＜ 0.05).Rats in DEX-pre group had significantly higher mechanical (F =11.03,P ＜ 0.05) and thermal pain thresholds (F =15.03,P ＜ 0.05) and significantly lower expression of TLR3 mRNA (F =14.65,P ＜0.05) and levels of IL-1β (F =12.51,P＜0.05,TNF-α (F =9.01,P ＜0.05) in the spinal cord compared with those in the CCI group (at any observed time points after ligation,but most significantly at 7 d).And the effects of DEX-pre group were abated by IT ATIP at the same time or 7days after surgery alone (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Intrathecal injection of DEX can decrease the levels of inflammatory factors by decreasing the TLR3 mRNA in the spinal cord of rats and prophylactic relieve the neuropathic pain induced by CCI.

Primary liver cancer is one of the most commonly seen tumors in clinical practice. Due to the stealthiness and fast progress of liver cancer, only 20% of the patients may have chance to receive operation for radical therapy. Patients seldom get benefit from systematic chemotherapy and as a result, local chemotherapy methods such as transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) have become the mainstay in the treatment of liver cancer. Compared with systematic chemotherapy, TACE produces fewer side effects and most of such side effects are caused by postembolization syndrome manifested as nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, fever, loss of appetite, etc.

Objective To evaluate the role of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2) in 17β estradiol-induced inhibition of propofol-caused neuroapoptosis in the hippocampus of newborn rats.Methods Seventy-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 7 days,weighing ll-18 g,were divided into 6 groups (n =13 each) using a random number table:dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group,fat emulsion group (group F),17β estradiol group (group E),propofol group (group P),propofol plus 17β estradiol group (group PE) and propofol plusl7β estradiol plus mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 inhibitor U0126 group (group PEU).17β estradiol 600 μg/kg was injected subcutaneously every 24 h for 7 consecutive days in group E,and the equal volume of DMSO was given instead in group DMSO.Propofol 75 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally every 24 h for 7 consecutive days in group P,and the equal volume of fat emulsion was injected instead in group F.Propofol 75 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally,and 17β estradiol 600 μg/kg was injected subcutaneously every 24 h for 7 consecutive days in group PE.Propofol 75 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally,17β estradiol 600 μg/kg was injected subcutaneously,and U0126 10 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally every 24 h for 7 consecutive days in group PEU.At 15 min after the last injection,3 rats in each group were randomly selected,and arterial blood samples from the cardiac apex were collected for determination of arterial oxygen partial pressure.The animals were sacrificed at 24 h after the last injection for determination of the expression of activated caspase-3 (by immunohistochemistry) and p-ERK1/2 (by Western blot).Results There was no significant difference in arterial oxygen partial pressure between the six groups (P＞0.05).Compared with group F,the expression of activated caspase-3 was significantly up-regulated,and the expression of p-ERK1/2 was downregulated in group P (P＜0.05).Compared with group P,the expression of activated caspase-3 was significantly down-regulated,and the expression of p-ERK1/2 was up-regulated in group PE (P＜0.05).Compared with group PE,the expression of activated caspase-3 was significantly up-regulated,and the expression of p-ERK1/2 was down-regulated in group PEU (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which 17β estradiol inhibits propofol-caused neuroapoptosis in the hippocampus is related to up-regulation of the expression of p-ERK1/2 in newborn rats.

Objective:To compare the extent and time course of alveolar bone loss and osteoclast activation in two murine models of periodontal disease:molar ligation and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.gingivalis) oral inoculation.Methods:A split-mouth design was applied to two groups of mice (C57BL6,6-8 weeks old,n =24 in both groups),resulting in four treatment groups:(1) Control group:unligated upper right 2nd molars receiving CMC only,(2)Ligature group:ligation of a 9-0 suture around the upper left 2nd molar,(3) P.gingivalis group:unligated upper right 2nd molar receiving P.gingivalis challenge only,(4)Ligature ± P.gingivalis group:ligation of the upper left 2nd molar in combination with oral inoculation with 109 colony-forming units(CFU) P.gingivalis.Alveolar bone loss was measured as the cementoenamel junction and alveolar bone crest (CEJ-ABC) distance.In the study,48 C57BL6 mice were designed and treated as described above,and osteoclasts were counted on histological sections following tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and counts were normalized to alveolar bone surface distance.Then 36 C57BL6 mice were investigated,of which 30 were ligated a 940 silk ligature around the 2nd molar in the left maxillary quadrant and 6 were not ligated.After ligation for 1 week,the ligatures in 12 mice were taken off for either 1 week or 2 weeks.The CEJ-ABC distance of the 6 mice without ligation was baseline.The CEJ-ABC distances were measured and analyzed.The data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA.Results:Molar ligation induced marked alveolar bone loss after 3,6,9 and 12 weeks [(0.16 ±0.04) mm,(0.16 ±0.02) mm,(0.18 ±0.03) mm,(0.17 ±0.02) mm],vs.corresponding controls [(0.09 ± 0.03) mm,(0.10 ± 0.01) mm,(0.12 ± 0.04) mm,(0.12 ± 0.01) mm] andP.gingivalisgroup [(0.09±0.03)mm、(0.12±0.01)mm,(0.12±0.02)mm,(0.10± 0.01) mm],P ＜ 0.05.Combined treatment with molar ligation and P.gingivalis did not further increase the CEJ-ABC distance.Evidence for osteoclast activation was found one day after molar ligation,and TRAP-positive cell numbers peaked on day 3 (12 ±4 vs.control 2 ±2,P ＜0.01).After taking off ligature following ligation for 2 weeks,it showed significantly regrowth of alveolar bone compared with that before removal of the ligature on day 7 [(0.07 ±0.02) mm vs.(0.13 ± 0.01) mm,P ＜ 0.01].Conclusion:Molar ligation is a rapid and effective way to induce periodontal bone loss in mice.Osteoclast activation occurs within 24 hours of ligature placement,and the extent of bone loss well exceeds that of the P.gingivalis-induced bone loss.Removing ligature after periodontal disease might help bone regeneration by regrowth of the alveolar bone.

Adrenal medullary hyperplasia (AMH) is a rare cause of secondary hypertension. Herein we analysed clinical manifestation of 4 cases. The clinical and biochemical features of AMH were similar to those of pheochromocytoma. 131 I MIBG scintigram and CT scanning were helpful to make differential diagnosis. Etiology, diagnosis and treatment of AMH were discussed.

Objective To investigate the beneficial effects and possible mechanisms of intrathecal injection of dexmedetomidine (DEX) in protection of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury.Methods Spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced in rabbits by infrarenal aortic occlusion for 30 minutes.Twenty-four rabbits were randomly divided into four groups:sham group,I/R group,DEX group (1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine by intrathecal injection),DEX + ATIP group (1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine and 0.5 μg/kg atipamezole (ATIP) by intrathecal injection).Physiological indices were assessed and motor neurons in the ventral gray matter were counted by histological examination.The expression of total extracellular signal-related kinase (t-ERK),phospho-extracellular signal-related kinase (p-ERK),and caspase 3 were assessed by Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The water content in spines was also measured.Results Intrathecal injection of dexmedetomidine minimized the neuromotor dysfunction and histopathological deficits(F =14.32,P ＜ 0.05) and attenuated the influences of peroxidation at 24 hours after spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury.The physical indices during experiment were comparable among all groups.In addition,intrathecal injection of dexmedetomidine reduced the excessive expression of caspase 3 mediated by ERK signal pathway(F =15.45,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Pre-emptive intrathecal injection of dexmedetomidine produced beneficial effects on spinal cord after spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rabbit model of transient aortic occlusion.This beneficial effect was partly attributed to the inhibition of caspase 3 mediated by ERK signal pathway,which represents a potential therapeutic approach to mitigate spinal cord injury after aortic occlusion.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of high-dose ambroxol in elderly patients with aspiration pneumonias. Methods Totally 62 patients aged 65 years and over with aspiration pneumonia were enrolled into 2 groups:conventional-dose group intravenously given ambroxol 60 mg/d (n=30) and high-dose group received 270 mg/d (n=32).The times of remission and fever disappearance,rate of adverse effects,average duration of hospitalization,rates of mortality and recurrence within 2 months were observed. Results There were no significant differences in clinical charecteristics between the two groups.The times of remission and fever disappear ance and average duration of hospitalization were lower in high-dose group than in conventional-dose group [(3.2±0.6)d,(54.2±19.5)h,(12.7±4.1) d vs.(3.8±1.1)d,(66.5±18.4)h,(13.5±3.1)d,t=2.11,2.36,2.04,all P＜0.05].No differences were found in rates of mortality and recurrence within 2 months between the two groups (6.3％,3.1％ vs.10.0％,13.3％,x2=0.01,0.87,both P＞0.05).Adverse effects did not appear in the two dose groups. Conclusions High-dose ambroxol is efficient and safe for aspiration pneumonia in elderly patients.

Objective To establish a method for the determination of Alkaloid in cut crude drug of aconite root.Method Contents of aconitine,hypaconitine and mesaconitine incrude drug of aconite root were determined by LC-MS.It was carried out on Inertsil ODS-3 column(150 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m),with acetonitrile-ammonium acetate buffer solution(60:40) as mobile phase,at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min and temperature of 30 ℃.Result The method of determining Alkaloid content in crude drug of aconite root was established and 25 lots of crude drugs were determined.Conclusion The method was sensitive and specifical,can be used to control the quality of cut crude drug from aconite root.