Hydatidosis is the largest parasific disase in human being. The patients often contract hydatidosis in the childhood. The slow growth of hydatid cysts in the organ involved may lead to a protracted course of disease. In the early stage of the diseases, there are no distinct subjecive symptoms. Early diagnosis is difficult by routine examination. The complications of hydatidosis causing serious damage to the organs may often lead to sudden death. It is essential to make an early and correct diagnosis and give treatment. B-mode ultrasonography not only detects the location, dimension and chracteristics of hydatid cysts but also shows the pathological changes of the various complications caused by hydatidosis and faciliates to select the best program of operation. B-mode ulttasonography is the method of choice in the diagnosis of hydatidosis. In this series of 931 patients with hepatic hydatid disease, the diagnostic accuracy rate of B-mode ultrasonography reached 98. 8%.

Objective To evaluate the clinical practicability of cefoxitin disk diffusion method in detecting methicillin-resistant Staphylococci.Methods 163 strains of clinically isolated Staphylococci were tested.The cefoxitin,oxacillin disk diffusion test and PCR amplification of mecA gene were performed simultaneously.The method of PCR was used as the golden standard.Results 163 strains of clinically isolated Staphylococci were tested by PCR.The positive ratio of mecA gene was 81.0%,The ocurrence rate of methicillin-resistant S.aureus(MRSA) and (methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci(MRCNS) was 74.1% and 83.8%,respectively.The cefoxitin,oxacillin disk diffusion and PCR were high consistency in detecting mecA gene.Both sensitivity and specificity were 100%,But cefoxitin disk diffusion was better for methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci.The sensitivity was 100% and 96.0%,the specificity was 94.3% and 88.0%,respectively.Conclusion Cefoxitin disk diffusion has high sensitivity in detecting methicillin-resistant Staphylococci,but for methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci which mecA gene is negative,5% strain may be reported as MRCNS by mistake.Since cefoxitin disk diffusion method is simple,and has higer sensitivity and specificity than oxacillin disk diffusion method in detecting MRS,the result has good correlation with PCR in detecting mecA gene.It may be applied in clinical microbiology laboratory.

BACKGROUND: Tetramethylpyrazine has the protective effect against the central nervous system injury. The structural changes in Nissl bodies were regarded as a marker of neuron injury.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of tetramethylpyrazine on the structure and the quantity of Nissl bodies of cerebral neurons in rat with epilepsy.DESIGN: A comparative study.SETTING: It was conducted at the Physiological Department of Medical School of Xianning College.MATERIALS: From September 2004 to March 2005, it was completed at the Anatomy Department of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Forty healthy SD rats aging 3-4 months, weighing (250±50) g and regardless of their gender, were selected.METHODS: Rats underwent anesthesia and craniotomy. Then their cerebral cortex were exposed for placing BL-410 Experimental System of Biological Function (TME, China) to record the bilateral EEG of the brain and the seizure in rats with penicillin-induced epilepsy group and the 10 mg/kg tetramethylpyrazine group, 20 mg/kg tetramethylpyrazine group and 40 mg/kg tetramethylpyrazine group. In control groups, the brains of rats were taken out at 1 hour after craniotomy. In penicillin-induced epilepsy group, their brains were taken out at 1 hour after penicillin-induced epilepsy. In 10 mg/kg tetramethylpyrazine group, 20 mg/kg tetramethylpyrazine group and 40 mg/kg tetramethylpyrazine group, after stable penicillin-induced epilepsy, tetramethylpyrazine was injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg, respectively.When the greatest protective effect of tetramethylpyrazine appeared, the rats' brains were taken out. Brain sections were sliced. Nissl bodies were stained by thionine staining. Under light microscope, structures of Nissl bodies were observed and the images of Nissl bodies were quantitatively analyzed by HPIAS-1000 high acuity color pathologic diagram-writing analyzing system. In each group, the average absorbency of 15 fields was regarded as the average absorbency of Nissl bodies in that group.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: In all the groups, the structure and the quantity of Nissl bodies of cortical neurons in rats were studied.of the structure of Nissl bodies in external granular layer cells and external pyramidal layer cells. In control group, multi-layer blue-stained and clumplike or granule-like Nissl bodies could be observed. In penicillin-induced epilepsy group, Nissl bodies were completely resolved and disappeared. In 10 mg/kg tetramethylpyrazine group, Nissl bodies were partly or completely resolved. In 20 mg/kg tetramethylpyrazine group, the quantity of Nissl bodies was significantly increased as compared with those in penicillin-induced epilepsy group and the 10 mg/kg tetramethylpyrazine group. In 40 mg/kg tetramethylpyrazine group, the quantity and the structure of of the average absorbency of stained Nissl bodies in external granular layer cells and external pyramidal layer cells in rat cortex among all the groups.In penicillin-induced epilepsy group, the average absorbency were dramatically lower than that in control group (0.033±0.002, 0.756±0.035, t=4.93,P ＜ 0.01). In 20 mg/kg tetramethylpyrazine group and 40 mg/kg tetramethylpyrazine group, the average absorbency were significantly higher than that in penicillin-induced epilepsy group (0.435±0.011, 0.658±0.029, t=2.98,5.32, P ＜ 0.01). In 40 mg/kg tetramethylpyrazine group, the average absorbency were similar to that in control group (t=1.75, P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Tetramethylpyrazine can significantly elevated the concentration of Nissl bodies of neurons in rats with epilepsy. Changes in the structure and quantity of Nissl bodies of cerebral neurons may be closely associated with seizure, and tetramethylpyrazine can restore the structure and the quantity of Nissl bodies of neurons, regulate their functions and hereby, inhibit seizures.

An α-amylase inhibitor (α-AI) was isolated from white kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris. L) by ethanol fractional precipitation, ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration column chromatography. It was a homogeneity glycoprotein demonstrated by SDS-PAGE and gel filtration on CL-6B. The glycoprotein contained 88.2% protein and was rich in aspartic acid, glutamic acid, leucine, threonine and serine. The carbohydrate moiety was consisted of Man, Glc, Gal and Xyl in a mole ratio of 2.42∶1.50∶1.52∶1.00. The glycan and the core protein backbone was connected by O-linkage as determined by β-elimination reaction. The continuous oral administration of the α-AI (150 mg·kg-1·d-1 ) for 7 days can lower fasting blood glucose and 300 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 α-AI for 7 days can improve the sugar tolerance on alloxan-dependent diabetic model rats. The result showed the α-AI obtained from white kidney beans had good hypoglycemic effect on alloxan induced diabetic rats and may have high potential pharmaceutical value as a regulative digestive-starch degradation in patients suffering from diabetes.

Objective To investigate the association of leiomyoma with death receptors(DR) and the mechanisms underlying the development of leiomyoma.Methods The semi-quantitative RT-PCR was employed to examine the mRNA expression of apoptosis-associated death receptors in the Leiomyoma tissue samples collected from 20 clinical cases.Results It was found that the mRNA expression of DR4 in leiomyoma tissue was dramatically decreased as compared to that of normal tissue controls (P<0.001),but no difference was found between leiomyoma and normal tissue controls in terms of DcR1,DcR2,DR5,TNFR1A,TNFR1B and Fas mRNA expressions (P>0.05).Conclusion It is highly possible that DR4 expression might be involved in the development of leiomyoma.More efforts will be required to elucidate the exact mechanisms underlying the development of leiomyoma.

BACKGROUND: Heal-all oral biofilm is a material utilized in repairing oral mucosa and soft tissues defects and characterized by degradation, easily preparation, long preserved duration, convenient transportation and good ossification, which has been widely used in dental implant as guided bone regeneration materials.OBJECTIVE: To check the clinical effective of Heal-all oral biofllm on guided bone regeneration in dental implant.METHODS: A total of 72 patients with bone defects in the implantation area were selected as subjects, who were divided into control group and experimental group at random. Bone defects around implants were repaired by guided bone regeneration technique with BME-10X medical collagen membrane and Heal-all oral biofilm respectively. X-ray and clinical examination were taken at 1 and 3 months after implantation. The amount of new.formed bone tissue was evaluated when stage Ⅱ operation was performed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In stage Ⅱ operation, osseointegration was formed between implants and bone tissue in all 72 patients. The average rate of bone formation was 92% in the experimental group while 91% in the control group. All implants were successfully repaired with implant denture. Occlusal function was restored successfully with all 72 implants during the follow-up period of 3-24 months after restoration. As an alternative option of BME-10X medical collagen membrane, Heal-all oral biofilm can be used in guided bone formation clinically.

Endoscopy ; Esophageal Perforation ; therapy ; Fistula ; therapy ; Foreign Bodies ; therapy ; Humans ; Stents

ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnostic value of single balloon enteroscopy (SBE) for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding.MethodsA total of 78 SBE procedures was conducted on 72 patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding,with 40 via oral route and 38 via anal route.The procedure time,insertion depth and rate of positive finding were recorded.ResultsFor 40 SBE procedures performed via oral route,the mean procedure time was 60 minutes ( 15-110 minutes),and the mean insertion depth was 195 cm at the distal end of Trentz ligament (30-240 cm).For 38 SBE procedures performed via anus,the mean procedure time was 75 minuets (30-120 minutes),and the mean insertion depth was 160 cm at the proximal end of ileocecal valve (50-200 cm ).The whole diagnostic yield of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding was 62.5％.ConclusionSBE is a safe and useful tool for the diagnosis of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding.

Objective To investigate the effects of endogenous sulfur dioxide (SO2) on the oxidative stress induced by cobalt chloride (CoCl2) in the rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs).Methods Rat PASMCs were treated with 200 μ mol/L CoCl2 to mimic the hypoxia insult.Endogenous SO2 generating enzyme aspartate aminotransferase 1 (AAT1) expression was upregulated or downregulated (AAT1 sh) by transfection with lentivirus.Rat PASMCs were randomly divided into 8 groups:vehicle group,vehicle + CoCl2 group,AAT1 group,AAT1 + CoCl2 group,scramble group,scramble + SO2 group,AAT1 sh group and AAT1 sh + SO2 group.SO2 donor Na2 SO3/NaHSO3 at concentration of 100 μ mol/L were added in scramble + SO2 group and AAT1sh + SO2 group.The expressions of AAT1,superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and SOD2 in PASMCs were detected by Western blot method.In situ SO2 content in PASMCs was detected by fluorescent probe.The superoxide anions in PASMCs were labeled by dihydroethidium (DHE) probe under fluorescent microscope.Results Compared with the vehicle group,the levels of SO2 and the expressions of AAT1 (0.221 ± 0.002 vs.0.446 ± 0.004),SOD1 (0.076 ± 0.028 vs.0.171 ± 0.019) and SOD2 (0.080 ± 0.031 vs.0.196 ± 0.018) significantly decreased (all P ＜ 0.01),and superoxide anion increased in rat PASMCs of vehicle + CoCl2 group.Meanwhile,compared with vehicle + CoCl2 group,the levels of SO2 and the expressions of AAT1 (0.839 ± 0.056 vs.0.221 ± 0.002),SOD1 (0.177 ± 0.020 vs.0.076 ± 0.028) and SOD2 (0.195 ±0.018 vs.0.080-± 0.031) markedly increased (all P ＜ 0.01),and superoxide anion decreased in rat PASMCs of AAT1 + CoCl2 group.On the contrary,compared with the scramble group,the levels of SO2 and the expressions of AAT1 (0.062 ±0.017 vs.0.354 ±0.034),SOD1 (0.054 ±0.029 vs.0.157 ±0.023) and SOD2(0.180 ±0.100 vs.0.586 ± 0.176)significantly decreased (all P ＜ 0.01),and superoxide anion increased in rat PASMCs of AAT1sh group.Furthermore,compared with the AAT1 sh group,the levels of SO2 and the expressions of SOD1 (0.155 ± 0.022vs.0.054 ± 0.029) and SOD2 (0.578 ± 0.200 vs.0.180 ± 0.100) significantly increased (all P ＜ 0.01),and superoxide anion decreased in rats PASMCs of AAT1sh + SO2 group.Conclusion Endogenous SO2/AAT1 inhibits CoCl2-induced oxidative stress in rat PASMCs.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of leflunomide as induction and mainten-ance therapy for class Ⅴ lupus nephritis. Methods Sixteen patients with lupus nephritis (of which, three proven with Ⅴ +Ⅲ, six with Ⅴ+Ⅳ ), proven by renal biopsies, were included in this study. ALL patients rec-eived LEF plus prednisone treatment. For induction therapy, all patients were given an initial loading dose of LEF 60 mg daily for three days, followed by 20 mg daily for the whole induction treatment period. Prednisone was given starting from 0.8 mg per kilogram daily, then tapered four weeks later. After twenty-four weeks, the dosages of LEF and prednisone were 10 mg/d, 5～10 mg/d respectively during maintenance therapy. We asses-sed total remission rates in the end of twenty-four weeks, as well as the changes of system lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI), urinary protein per twenty-four hours (24 h Upr), serum albumin, serum creatinine level, complement C3, complement C4, C reactive protein, serum titer of ANA and anti-dsDNA be-fore treatment, 12 weeks, 24 weeks and 48 weeks after treatment respectively. Meanwhile, seven patients received repeated renal biopsies after completing induction therapy, so we compared pathological activity index (AI) and chroniciry index (CI) between pre-therapy and post-therapy at the same time. T and t' test were selected. Results Sixteen patients were followed-up. After 24 weeks induction therapy, the total remission rate was 75.0%; SLEDAI was significantly lower than pre-therapy [(15.4±3.5) vs (6.9±1.7), P<0.05]; 24 h Upr was also significantly lower than pre-therapy [(5.8±2.2) g vs (l.3±0.5) g, P<0.01 ]. Unfortunately, all seven patients performed repeated renal biopsies with class Ⅴ lupus nephritis again histologically, of which two were transformed other cater-ofies. Comparing with that of pre-therapy, AI was improved after therapy [(2.4±0.9) vs (1.7±0.8), P<0.05]. However, CI indicated no difference. Adverse events including major infection occurred in four patients. The adverse events happened at the 12 th week after treatment. Conclusion The efficacy of LEF plus corticoster-oids as induction and maintenance therapy for class Ⅴ lupus nephritis is remarkable and the tolerance of patients is good.