Objective To investigate the effects of Atrovent aerosol inhalation in the treatment of respiratory failure and nursing intervention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease effect. Methods January 2016 to December 2016 in Huzhou Central Hospital for diagnosis and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with respiratory failure in 50 cases dewided into control group and observationgroup: the control group treated with conventional methods, the observation group treated with Atrovent aerosol inhalation therapy and conventional methods; the patients in the two groups of experimental data were recorded in detail, and the obtained data were analyzed. Results The observation group was better than that of treatment and intervention control group, clinical symptoms improved better than the control group, the adverse reaction rate were lower than the control group, there is significant statistical difference (P<0.05). Conclusion The patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with respiratory failure choose conventional and Atrovent aerosol inhalation treatment effect significantly, can effectively improve the patient clinical symptoms and adverse reactions are few and deserve to be widely used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseand respiratory failure patients.

Alteration in gastric emptying may play a role in the pathogenesis of many diseases.And various methods to measure gastric emptying have been developed.Nine procedures for the assessment of gastric emptying were reviewed in this paper including intubation test,radiology method,absorption test,real time ultrasound,breath test,radionuclide technique et al .Among all of these methods,radionuclide technique is considered as the good standard method.

Observations are made on 1208 postoperative cases and logistic analyses are centered on the risks related to postoperative hospital infections.It is discovered through observations that the rate of hospital infections is 7.5%.The infected parts are mainly the lower respiratory tract and the inci- sion.Logistic analyses of the risks indicate that postoperative hospital infections are related to preopera- tive hospitalization duration,the time span of endotracheal intubation,trachealaryngotomy and the re- tention of pleural drainage,type of operation,operational duration,and postoperative complication. Thesefore,hospitals should look seriously at the postoperative infection risks and take important steps to control them.

Physical constraints is a commonly protective medical measure in clinic. if lack of humanistic nurs-ing in the use of the process,then it will give the patient a physical,psychological and ethic issues. This paper sum-marized the research status of humanistic nursing and physical constraints and concluded the humanistic nursing measures before, during, and after physical constraints, and thus to provide a reference for the further implementa-tion of humanistic nursing.

Tumor angiogenesis, resulting from the imbalance of angiogenic cytokines and angiogenesis inhibitors, is crucial for tumor growth and metastasis. As a new field of cancer therapy, tumor anti-angiogenesis therapy with regard to abrogation of tumor vasculature has become an important anti-tumor strategy. Gene therapies have the potential to provide antiangiogenic mediators specifically targeted to organs containing tumors and make a great improvement in this therapy. This article reviews the current understanding of tumor angiogenesis, with a focus on gene therapy in this field.

Objective: To investigate the awareness and training needs of incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) among clinical nurses, so as to provide insights into the standardization of clinical nursing of IAD. Methods: Clinical nurses with more than one year of service in Lanxi People's Hospital were selected as study subjects in October 2021. The demographics, awareness of IAD knowledge and training needs were collected using a self-designed questionnaire. The age-, duration of service-, academic degree-, professional title- and department-specific awareness of IAD knowledge was analyzed. Results: A total of 420 questionnaires were allocated, and 409 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 97.38%. All respondents were females, with a mean age of (37.68±4.82) years, and a mean service duration of (18.72±3.46) years. There were 199 nurses with a primary title (48.66%), 169 nurses with a intermediate title (41.32%), and 41 nurses with a senior title (10.02%). There were 217 nurses with a bachelor degree or above (53.06%), and 208 nurses from internal medicine and surgery departments (50.86%). The overall awareness of IAD knowledge was 74.57% among the respondents, and the awareness rates of IAD definition, the difference between IAD and pressure ulcers and influencing factors of IAD were 86.06%, 83.37% and 82.15%, respectively. The nurses at ages of 41 to 53 years (89.01%), having a senior title (94.24%), with a nursing duration of 21 years and longer (92.97%) and participating in IAD training during the recent one year (77.41%) had a high awareness rate of IAD-related knowledge. There was a high proportion of needs for training on basic IAD-related knowledge (396 nurses, 96.82%). Conclusions The awareness of IAD knowledge requires to be improved among clinical nurses. The training on IAD knowledge is recommended to be improved.

Objective To study the method for early diagnosis of acute rejection and the role of ELISPOT in donor evaluation. Methods All ventral heterotopic cardiac transplantation models were divided into three groups(each group having 25 recipients)as follows:rejection group(C57BL/6 donor heart to BALB/c recipient,no specific treatment after transplantation),treated group(C57BL/6donor heart to BALB/c recipient, donor specific splenocytes transfusion before transplantation plus 5 μg/g cyclosporin A per day applied continuously from 1 day before operation to 7 day posttransplantation),isograft group(BALB/c donor heart to BALB/c recipient,no specific treatment after transplantation). Mean survival time(MST)and histopathologic changes were observed. By using ELISPOT assay,IFN-γ-secreting splenocytes were detected and counted. Results MST of heart allografts in rejection and treated groups was(7.8±0.77)and(14.80±1.01)days respectively. The survival time of grafts in isograft group was all more than 28 days. There was significant difference among three groups. The number of infiltrating cells in rejection group was much more than the other groups as well as the extent of histopathologic changes. The number of donor-specific IFN-γ-secreting splenocytes in three groups on the posttransplantation day 4 and 7 was(288±16)、(32±10)、(6±2)/2×105and(416±19)、(44±8)、(7±2)/2×105,respectively,which had negative correlation with MST and positive correlation with histopathologic changes. Conclusions The detection of donor-specific IFN-γ-secreting splenocytes with ELISPOT assay might be a useful indicator for early diagnosis of acute rejection.This assay had high sensitivity and specificity enough for pretransplant donor evaluation.

Objective To investigate the risk factors affecting early mortality in spontaneous rupture in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)and explore the effective treatment.Methed A retrospective study of 34 consecutive patients with spontaneous rupture of HCC from January 1998 to January 2008 was conducted.Followup was conducted for more than 3 years.18 clinical ,biochemical and pathological factors influencing 30-day mortality were analyzed.Results 30-day mortality rate was 38% (n=13).Univariate analysis showed that presence of cirrhosis,Child's C status,shock on admission,higher blood transfusion requirement,raised α-fetoprotein (AFP),raised alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and raised aspartate transaminase(AST)were all associated with increased risk early death (P＜0.05).Multivariate analysis displayed that shock was an independent risk factor affecting early death.The median survival time was 14.4 months in 8 patiens receiving emergency curative rescection and 44.4 months in 5 cases underwent delayed curative resection,and the 1-and 3-year survival rate were 63% (5/8)and 13% (1/8)in the former group and 80% (4/5)and 60% (3/5)in the latter group.Conclusion Poor prognosis of spontaneous rupture of HCC is associated with poor liver reservation,advanced disease and large volume of haemorrhage.Shock and blood transfusion requirement are the independent factors affecting early mortality.Curative resection is a definite treatment and delayed curative resection following initial haemostasis has a safer and more effective result.

BACKGROUND: Angiogenesis is an important prognostic indicator for malignant tumors. Breast cancer overexpressing oncogene HER-2/neu often denotes a poor prognosis. Many studies have demonstrated the antitumor effect of genistein against breast cancer.OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between HER-2/neu expression and angiogenesis in breast cancer as well as the effect of genistein on the angiogenesis in HER-2/neu-overexpressing breast cancer.DESIGN: A randomized controlled observatory experiment with nude mice.SETTING: Department of nutrition and food hygiene of a military medical university.MATERIALS: Twenty specific pathogen-free(SPF) normal female BALB/c nude mice weighing (10 ± 2) g, aged 3 to 4 weeks, were purchased from the Experimental Animal Center of the Third Military Medical University.METHODS: This study was carried out in the Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Third Military Medical University from June 2001 to March 2002. HER-2/neu-overexpressing breast cancer cell line MCF-7/HER-2 was generated by transfecting MCF-7 cells with human HER-2/neu cDNA. MCF-7/HER-2 and MCF-7 cells were inoculated in female BALB/c nude mice to establish tumor-bearing mouse models. Four weeks after the inoculation, the mice with MCF-7/HER-2 xenografts were randomly divided into control,genistein treatment, and anti-HER-2/neu antibody treatment groups to receive corresponding treatments every other day for two weeks, at the end of which the tumor volume, microvessel density(MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) expression in the xenografts were measured.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: MVD and VEGF expression in the xenograft tumor. Secondary outcome measures: Identification of HER-2/neu-transfected from MCF-7-transfected cells and the tumor volume.RESULTS: The MVD was 16 ±6, 98 ±21, 56± 18, and 52 ± 19 in each visual field in the MCF-7 xenografts group, control group, genstein treatment group and anti-HER-2/neu antibody treatment group recpectively. MVD and VEGF expression in MCF-7/HER-2 xenografts were higher than that in MCF-7 xenografts, and was reduced after treatment with genistein or anti-HER-2/neu antibody. The changes of tumor volume in these xenografts were consistent with the changes of MVD and VEGF.CONCLUSION: HER-2/neu overexpression in breast cancer promotes angiogenesis, and genistein can inhibit angiogenesis and growth of HER-2/neu-overexpressing breast cancer to improve the prognosis.

DNA methylation is a normal modification mode of eukaryon, there is an intimate relationship between aberrant promoter methylation of tumor-related genes and the generation or development of neo- plasms,emerging significantly biological effectiveness. Aberrant promoter methylation of tumor-related genes as the epigenetic markers, maybe play a very important role in the incidence, diagnosis, therapeutic effects, prognosis judgements and other aspects in gallbladder carcinoma.